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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • 1996  (5)
  • 1971  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of ion-implanted layers on MgO under ultrasonic cavitation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 2781-2787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of ion implantation and ultrasonic cavitation on the near-surface region of MgO single crystals were investigated. For 150 keV, room-temperature implantations of Ar+ or K+ at 5×1016–1017 ions cm−2 into a (100)-oriented surface of MgO, a dilatometric swelling of the implanted layer is observed perpendicular to the implanted surface. When these strained surface layers are then subjected to an ultrasonic (∼20 kHz) cavitation treatment, uniform layers (∼100–200 nm) can be removed from the MgO surface in a controlled manner. The thickness of the removed layer is directly related to the duration of the ultrasonic irradiation, but does not exceed the depth of the implanted species. When MgO implanted with Ar+ or Kr+ at fluences of 5×1016–1017 ions cm−2 is subsequently irradiated with 2 MeV He+ ions at 1016–1017 ions cm−2, the region exposed to the He+ beam is effectively "stabilized'' and is not removed by the ultrasonic treatment. K+ or Ar+ implantations at 〈5×1016 ions cm−2 produced no swelling of the layer, and subsequent ultrasonic irradiation with an energy flux of ∼120 W cm−2 did not remove the crystal surface as determined by profilometry. For MgO implanted with (approximately-greater-than)2×1017 ions cm−2, the implanted layer is highly strained and detaches from the underlying crystal without exposure to ultrasonic-cavitation effects. These findings are discussed in terms of the stressed states of the implanted layers, and their potential applications to the mechanical "etching'' of ceramics are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363195
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN THE STUDY OF CERVICAL NEOPLASIA (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 78 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy has been used to study normal and abnormal cervical epithelia. Normal columnar epithelium and normal squamous epithelium have been identified and described. Carcinoma in situ has also been examined and characteristic differences in tissue organization and cell morphology have been recognized. The surfaces of normal squamous cells are arranged with interconnecting microridges, whereas the surface epithelium from carcinoma in situ cells is arranged in closly packed microvilli. The significance of these results and the possible potential of the technique in studying the natural history of carcinoma in situ are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1971.tb00209.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-Dependent Growth and Survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a Semi-Closed Recirculating System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract.— Two growth trials utilizing Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus setiferus were conducted at densities of 28.4, 56.8, 85.2, 113.6, 170.4, 227.3 and 284.1/ m2 in an indoor recirculating system. There was an inverse linear relationship between stocking density and growth among both species. The relationship between final weight and stocking density is described by the following linear equation: P. setiferus, Y =−0.00619X ± 4.46, adj. r2= 0.8572;.P. vannamei, Y=−0.00717X ± 7.39, adj. r2= 0.6230. Although the responses in terms of growth depressions were similar, P. setiferus growth was lower than that of P. vannamei. There was an inverse relationship between stocking density and survival for P. setiferus. Survival of P. vannamei was highly variable but was negatively correlated with density. Based on the results of the present study, P. setiferus has a similar tolerance of high density as that of P. vannamei and hence may be suitable for intensive culture systems. However, depressed growth rates of P. setiferus, which do not appear to be due to effects of water quality or density, must be solved if growth rates similar to P. vannamei are to be realized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00600.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement uncertainty in analytical chemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 14-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Measurement ; Uncertainty ; Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  It is now becoming recognised in the measurement community that as well as reporting the measured value it is also essential to give its uncertainty. Without a knowledge of the uncertainty, it is impossible for the users of the result to know what confidence can be placed in it and it is also impossible to assess the comparability of different measurements of the same parameter. However, problems arise with the use of such terminology as error, accuracy, inaccuracy and uncertainty that has everyday connotations as well as formal definitions for use in metrology. The paper gives a resume of the reasons why it is important to evaluate and report the uncertainty on a result in a consistent manner. A description is given of the concept of uncertainty, which highlights the difference between it and error, accuracy or inaccuracy. This is followed by a discussion of the recommendations made by the "ISO – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" for the evaluation and reporting of uncertainty. The methodology for evaluating uncertainty is described and the advantages of using suitable reference materials are discussed. Finally, the benefits to both the analytical laboratory and the user of the results from the evaluation and reporting of uncertainty are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050027
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notice (1971)
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 1 (1971), S. 270-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01584090
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic disruption of human erythrocytes near a transversely oscillating wire (1971)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 10 (1971), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Menschliche Erythrozyten wurden in einer physiologischen Salzlösung hydrodynamischen Scherkräften ausgesetzt; diese wurden in einem Strömungsfeld um einen teilweise eingetauchten, dünnen Metalldraht erzeugt, der eine Querschwingungsfrequenz von 20 kHz hatte. Für eine Vielzahl von Bedingungen wurden Werte für die kritischen Scherbelastungen erhalten, bei der Erythrozyten platzen. Bei Scherbelastungen nahe dem kritischen Wert hatten einige Zellen einen Teil ihrer Zellmembrane ausgestülpt, um einen röhrenförmigen Schutz zu bilden. Zahlreiche hämoglobingefüllte kugelförmige Zellen (Mikrozellen) mit einem Durchmesser von 1–2 Mikron wurden bei den gleichen Belastungswerten beobachtet; diese haben sich wahrscheinlich beim Einklappen und Zusammenwachsen von dieser röhrenförmigen Schutzhülle gebildet. Einige physikalische und biochemische Parameter von intakten Erythrozytenzellen wurden untersucht, um zu sehen, ob wiederholter, kurzzeitiger Einfluß von hydrodynamischen Kräften eine vorübergehende oder dauerhafte Veränderung in den behandelten Zellen hervorgerufen hatte.
    Notes: Summary A novel ultrasonic device is presented which generates controlled hydrodynamic shear forces in small volumes of liquid. This device has been used to measure the mechanical fragilities of human blood cells under a variety of experimental conditions. A value of 1–2.000 dynes cm−2 has been obtained for the critical shear stress required to disrupt the weaker erythrocytes in saline. Shear stresses of this order cause sub-lethal damage to surviving cells, which significantly reduces theirin vivo andin vitro life span.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972479
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Health state valuations from the general public using the Visual Analogue Scale (1996)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 5 (1996), S. 521-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: EuroQol ; health status measurement ; social preferences ; visual analogue scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the clinical and economic evaluation of health care, the value of benefit gained should be determined from a public perspective. The objective of this study was to establish relative valuations attached to different health states to form the basis for a ‘social tariff’ for use in quantifying patient benefit from health care. Three thousand three hundred and ninety-five interviews were conducted with a representative sample of the adult British population. Using the EuroQol health state classification and a visual analogue scale (VAS), each respondent valued 15 health states producing, in total, direct valuations for 45 states. Two hundred and twenty-one re-interviews were conducted approximately 10 weeks later. A near complete, and logically consistent, VAS data set was generated with good test-retest reliability (mean ICC=0.78). Both social class and education had a significant effect, where higher median valuations were given by respondents in social classes III–V and by those with intermediate or no educational qualifications. These effects were particularly noticeable for more severe states. The use of such valuations in a social tariff raises important issues regarding the use of the VAS method itself to elicit valuations for hypothetical health states, the production of separate tariffs according to social class and/or education and the appropriate measure of central tendency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439226
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An extension of geometric programming with applications in engineering optimization (1971)
    Springer
    Journal of engineering mathematics 5 (1971), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Summary An extension of geometric programming to handle rational functions of posynomials is presented. The solution technique consists of successive approximations of posynomials and solution of ordinary geometric programs. An example of a multistage heat exchanger system optimization illustrates the computational method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remote in situ analytical spectroscopy and its applications in the nuclear industry (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 355 (1996), S. 895-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An experimental system based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to analyze various ferrous samples. A fibre optic system has been used to transmit the incident laser pulse which produces the plasma plume at the surface of the analyte and to transmit back to a spectrometer the optical radiation emitted by the plasma. The measuring system may therefore be placed remote from the analyte which may be situated in a hostile environment such as an operating nuclear reactor. Results show that the system is capable of detecting chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, silicon and vanadium at concentrations smaller than 5×10−4 g/g
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663550895
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Doubly charged ion’ mass spectra of some simple aromatic compounds (1971)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzene, toluene, phenol, diphenyl ether and the three isomeric dihydroxy-benzenes have been examined using an MS-9 mass spectrometer under conditions that allowed only ions having twice the normal amount of kinetic energy to be detected. These ions are, in fact, singly charged ions arising from charge exchange reactions of doubly charged ions of the same mass, occuring in the first field free region of the Spectrometer. It is argued that the spectra obtained yield essentially the distribution of doubly charged ions in the source region. These ‘doubly charged ion’ mass spectra are compared with the normal singly charged ion spectra of the compounds and the implications of the significant differences that are found, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210050308
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