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  • 2020-2023
  • 1970-1974  (247)
  • 1973  (247)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (247)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cooperative molecular weight distribution test (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 269-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) has provided a convenient tool for the rapid determination of molecular weight distribution. The question has arisen as to the suitability of the method for specification purposes. The present work, suggested by the Naval Air Systems Command, represents an attempt to assess the precision of the method through a series of tests carried out by a number of laboratories using identical procedures on the same samples. Ten laboratories agreed to take part. Naval Ordnance Station, Indian Head, worked out standard conditions for operation of the chromatograph, for calibration of the columns, and for analysis of the GPC curves. Two samples of polystyrene were used by the various organizations for calibration of their instruments. Number-average molecular weight, heterogeneity index, and cumulative molecular weight distribution curves were determined on four samples of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) and two samples of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), all unidentified except by letter code. All laboratories used identical directions for setting up CTPB and HTPB calibration curves which were based on curves determined from vapor-pressure osmometer molecular weights and GPC count numbers of fractionated material. Variation among the different laboratories was 0.15 in heterogeneity index, and a maximum of 1200 in molecular weight provided one aberrant set of values was eliminated. The six samples had heterogeneity indices from 1.15 to 1.54, while molecular weight varied from approximately 3000 to 6000. The average coefficient of variation of the molecular weight values was 6.2 ± 0.7%, which is quite acceptable. Variation in heterogeneity index was too great for specification purposes when considered among the different laboratories, but may be sufficiently good when measured by any one laboratory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion Behaviour of Manganese-Containing Stainless Steels. II. Potentiodynamic measurements in H2SO4 solutions (1973)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsverhalten von manganhaltigen nichtrostenden Stählen II. Potentiadynamische Messungen in H2SO4-LösungenStähle mit (%) 17,3 Cr, 5,3 Ni und 0,3 bis 13,9 Mn verhalten sich bei potentiodynamischen Polarisationsversuchen ähnlich wie CrNi-Stähle 18 8. In den Polarisationskurven treten scharfe Spitzen auf, welche der Auflösung des Eisens entsprechen; dann folgt ein Passivitätsbereich mit geringem, potentialunabhängigem Stromfluß; bei einem bestimmten Potential kommt es dann zu einem steilen Stromanstieg. Ebenso findet man in stark verdünnter Säure einen Transpassivitätsbereich, entsprechend der Auflösung von Cr und Mn; der Beginn dieses Bereichs entspricht dem Beginn des steilen Stromanstiegs in konzentrierteren Lösungen. Durch zyklische kathodische Reduktion und anodische Oxidation werden die Spitzen der Kurven im Aktivbereich stark erniedrigt, während der transpassive Bereich dadurch nicht beeinflußt wird. Optimal ist eine Zusammensetzung mit (%) 17,3 Cr, 5,3 Ni und 5,6 Mn; höhere Mn-Gehalte verschlechtern das Korrosionsverhalten.
    Notes: The behaviour of steels with (%) 17.3 Cr, 5.3 Ni, 0.3-13.9 Mn during potentiodynamic polarization k tests is comparable to that of 18 8 CrNi steels. Sharp peaks are found in the polarization curves; they correspond to the dissolution of the iron base: This region is followed by a passive zone characterized by low and potential-independent current flow. At a certain potential, however, a steep current rise sets in. In diluted acid there is even a transpassivity zone corresponding to the dissolution of Cr and Mn. The beginning of this zone corresponds to the beginning of the steep current rise in more concentrated solution. Cyclic cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation results in a considerable reduction of the height of the peaks in the active region, while this treatment has no effect on the transpassive region. The optimum composition of a steel would be (%) 17.3 Cr, 5.3 Ni, 5.6 Mn; higher Mn contents deteriorate the corrosion behaviour.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19730240106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion Behaviour of Manganese-Containing Stainless Steels. III. Their susceptibility towards pitting corrosion (1973)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 290-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsverhalten nichtrostender manganhaltiger Stähle  -  III LochfraßempfindlichkeitDie Lochfraßanfälligkeit nichtrostender Stähle mit (%) 17,39 Cr, 5,3 Ni, 0,3-13,9 Mn in Chloridlösungen wurde mittels einer potentiodynamischen zyklischen Polarisationstechnik in Lösungen mit 0,1 n Schwefelsäure + 0,9 n Natriumsulfat + verschiedene Mengen Natriumchlorid untersucht. Bei niedrigen NaCl-Konzentrationen zeigt sich kein stärkerer Einfluß des Chlorids und selbst bei mittleren Konzentrationen bleibt das Passivierungsverhalten generell bestehen; in diesem Bereich erhöhen sich lediglich die Auflösungs- und Passivierungsstromdichten. Hohe Chloridkonzentrationen führen jedoch zu Lochfraß, der indessen mit Hilfe einer zyklischen  -  anodisch/kathodisch  -  Polarisation vollständig unterdrückt werden kann. Bezüglich der Lochfraßbeständigkeit ist eine Legierung mit (%) 17,3 Cr, 5,3 Ni, 5,6 Mn vergleichbar mit dem Stahl CrNi 18 9.
    Notes: The pitting susceptibility of stainless steels with (%) 17.39 Cr, 5.3 Ni, 0.3-13.9 Mn in chloride solutions have been studied by a potentiodynamic cyclic polarization technique in solutions 0.1 N H2SO4 + 0.9 N Na2So4 + various amounts of NaCl. At low NaCl concentrations no pronounced influence of the chloride can be found and even at medium concentrations the passivation behaviour is generally maintained; in this region, however, there is an increase of dissolution and passivation current densities. High chloride concentrations, however, result in pitting which may be completely suppressed by a cyclic (anodic/cathodic) polarization technique. As to pitting resistance an alloy containing (%) 17.3 Cr, 5.3 Ni, 5.6 Mn is comparable to the steel CrNi 18 9.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19730240407
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of electrolyte concentration on the passivation of Zn in alkaline solutions (1973)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Electrolytkonzentration auf die Passivierung von Zink in alkalischen LösungenIn 0,01-0,3 n NaOH entsteht bei galvanostatischen und potentiostatischen Versuchen eine Schicht von Zn(OH)2; dieses wird anschließend in ein Oxid höherer Wertigkeit umgewandelt. In stärkeren Lösungen als 0,3n entsteht infolge der Hydrolyse won Zn(OH)2 eine Schicht von ZnO mit passivierenden Eigenschaften. Diese Schicht verdickt sich nicht weiter und wird auch nicht in ZnO2 umgewandelt.
    Notes: In 0,01-0.3 N NaOH solutions and under galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions Zn(OH)2 is formed and is later transformed in oxide of higher valence state. In solutions above 0.3 N ZnO is precipitated after hydrolysis of Zn(OH)2 an this ZnO forms a passivating surface layer. This layer does not undergo any further thickening nor transformation into ZnO2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19730240508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electro-optical properties of carboxymethylcellulose. I. Concentration and ionic strength dependence (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 1747-1761 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The experimental conditions for studying the electro-optical properties of a natural, modified polyelectrolyte, carboxymethylcellulose (DS 1.3; DP 180) were determined. The transient Kerr effect was found to be a function of CMC concentration, field strength, and ionic strength, I. If the concentration and I were low enough (c 〈 20 mg.l-1), saturation was obtained for field strengths of approximately 15 kV.cm-1. The optical anisotropy was shown to be independent of I; the electrical anisotropy decreased sharply when I increased. These results are discussed in connection with polarization theories of polyelectrolytes. The molecular dimensions of carboxymethylcellulose, calculated from the birefringence kinetics, suggest that the molecule is a rigid rod.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1973.360120805
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of surface tension measurements to the study of conformational transitions in aqueous solutions of poly-L-lysine (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 1945-1957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The change in surface tension of solutions of poly-L-lysine in water has been studied as a function of temperature at various pH values. The changes at various temperatures have been correlated with changes in the circular dichroic spectra reflecting conformational change. In addition to the major transition at 50°C attributed to the conversion of the α-helical → β conformation, two other transitions have been observed at 30°C and 80°C.A minimum in the surface tension value was observed at pH 10, near the pK value for poly-L-lysine. It was concluded that at this pH the concentration of hydrophobic groups at the surface was a maximum.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1973.360120903
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute values of the constants of individual steps in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 166 (1973), S. 219-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Wahl der KUHN-MARK-HOUWINK-Konstanten, verschiedene Methoden der Berechnung von Mn oder v̄ aus der Grenzviskositätszahl, die Wahl der Literaturwerte von ktc/ktd sowie die Größenordnung des Fehlers (±20%) bei der Bestimmung von kp/kt können additiv einen Unterschied vom Faktor drei bis vier bewirken. Die Verschiedenheit der bereits veröffentlichten Werte der Absolutgeschwindigkeitskonstanten bei der Polymerisation von Methacrylsäuremethylester findet damit ihre Erklärung.
    Notes: The choice of the KUHN-MARK-HOUWINK constants, the different ways of evaluating Mn or v̄ from intrinsic viscosity, the selection of ktc/ktd from the literature values and the magnitude of error (±20%) in kp/kt determination may cause by an additive effect a differences of the values of kp and kt by a factor of three to four. The discrepancies in the reported values of the absolute rate constants of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate have been explained by this fact.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021660119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic polymerization of ∊-caprolactam. II. Initiation by ∊-thiocaprolactone (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 983-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma synthesis of fluorocarbon films (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2501-2507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fluorocarbon films were obtained by introducing perfluorobutene-2 into the afterglow region of an argon plasma. The plasma was generated electrodelessly using plates excited at 13.56 MHz at 70 watts of power. Film deposition rates between 250 Å and 450 Å per minute were obtained during typical operating conditions. The films were light yellow in color, adhered strongly to dry glass substrates, and exhibited liquid contact angles very similar to those reported for poly(tetrafluoroethylene) surfaces. The infrared spectrum of the film was quite similar to that obtained for Teflon. The freshly prepared film contained a high concentration of unpaired spins, and the ESR signal decayed slowly on standing in vacuum. The films could be removed from the glass substrates by immersion in dilute hydrofluoric acid or in brackish water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170815
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers on modified cottons. VI. Vinyl graft copolymerization initiated by manganese (IV) (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2547-2556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ability of potassium permanganate in the presence of different acids to induce grafting of methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile onto sodium hydroxide-treated cotton, partially carboxymethylated cotton, partially cyanoethylated cotton, and partially acetylated cotton was investigated. The copolymerization reaction was carried out under a variety of conditions. The graft yields are greatly enhanced by increasing concentration of monomer, reaction time, and temperature. The opposite holds true for initiator at higher concentrations. The effectiveness of the acids was: nitric acid 〉 sulfuric acid 〉 perchloric acid 〉 hydrochloric acid. The change in the physical and/or chemical structure of cellulose by its modification via etherification reaction or esterification reaction had a significant effect on the susceptibility of cellulose toward grafting. While partial carboxymethylation or partial cyanoethylation of cellulose prior to grafting increased the graft yield, partial acetylation caused a decrease.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170820
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