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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility of the poly(hydroxy ether) of bisphenol A with water-soluble polyethers (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 14 (1981), S. 1644-1650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma50007a008
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic polymerization of ε-caprolactam with activated aromatic halide initiators (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 26 (1972), S. 137-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Reaktion von 4,4′-Dichlordiphenylsulfon mit dem Caprolactamat-Anionwurde untersucht. Das erwartete Diamid-Derivat konnte nicht isoliert werden. Statt dessen wurde in Gegenwart von überschüssigem ε-Caprolactam ein Polymeres von hohem Molekulargewicht erhalten. Die Durchführung der Reaktion in aprotischen Lösungsmitteln gab ein schwierig zu definierendes Molekülgemisch.4,4′-Dichlordiphenylsulfon und andere aktivierte aromatische Halogenide wurden als Starter für die Alkali-katalysierte Polymerisation von ε-Caprolactamstudiert. Die Bildung von Polymeren ist im Vergleich zu anderen bekannten Initiatoren verhültnismäßig langsam. Das ist ein Vorteil in Gießverfehren, woein bestimmtes „Pot-Life“ gefordert wird. Die Ergebnisse werden in einem vorgeschlagenen Reaktionsmechanismus, worin die Bildung des Starters der umsatzbestimmende Faktor ist, verständlich.Das anionisch hergestellte Nylon 6 wurde mit verschiedenen Techniken wie Gel-Permeations-Chromatographie, Lichtstreuung und Schmelzflußverhalten charakterisiert. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Polymeren wurden ebenfalls bestimmt.
    Notes: The reaction of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone with the caprolactamate anion was investigated. The expected diamide derivative could not be isolated. Instead, high molecular weight polymer was obtained in the presence of excess ε-caprolactam. Ill defined species resulted when the reaction was conducted in aprotic solvents.The initiation of the base-catalyzed polymerization of ε-caprolactam with 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone and other activated aromatic halides was then studied. The rate of polymerization is relatively slow compared to other known initiators. This is an advantage in casting operations where a finite pot life may be required. The results are rationalized in a proposed mechanism wherein the formation of the initiator is the rate determining factor.The anionically prepared Nylon 6 was characterized via several techniques such as gel permeation chromatography, light scattering and melt rheology. Mechanical properties were also determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1972.050260111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epoxy/modifier block copolymers (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 689-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The curing of epoxy resins with anhydrides in the presence of dihydroxyl-terminated polyester or polyether modifiers produces block copolymer structures in which one “block” is the crosslinked epoxy/anhydride network and the other block is the linear modifier segment. The morphology of the cured system is dependent upon modifier molecular weight. The critical molecular weight of polycaprolactone and poly(propylene oxide) is 3000-5000. Below this level, single morphological phase systems are obtained, but two-microphase systems result above this level. This behavior is displayed by several epoxy resins. Two-phase systems display a superior balance of heat distortion temperature and impact strength, thus providing tough systems with greater elevated temperature capabilities than are obtained with single-phase systems.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120318
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermosetting diphenyl sulfone-based maleimides (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 961-972 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermosetting arylimides were prepared by reaction of sulfone ether diamines with maleic anhydride followed by chemical imidization of the intermediate polyamic acid with acetic anhydride/sodium acetate. These arylimides could be thermally cured to afford heat stable systems possessing high glass transition temperatures (Tg) and moderate to high modulus plateaus above the Tg, depending upon the molecular weight between maleimide sites. The addition type curing process alleviates problems associated with the fabrication of other polyimide systems, since volatiles are not liberated and lowviscosity, high-solids solutions can be prepared in common organic solvents. Thermal, mechanical, adhesive and fabrication characteristics are reported for the sulfone-based arylimides, which indicate utility in spectrum of high-temperature applications.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130415
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas permeability characteristics of nitrile-containing block and random copolymers (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 13 (1975), S. 1979-1986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.170130902
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscible blends of poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(butylene terephthalate) (1978)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 16 (1978), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1978.130160602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulfonated polysulfone (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 1885-1903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polysulfone has been sulfonated to varying degrees using a sulfur trioxide-triethyl phosphate complex as the sulfonating agent. These conditions are suitable for surface sulfonation as well as solution sulfonation. The neutralized, sodium salt form is much more stable than the free acid form. The glass transition temperature of polysulfone is increased by as much as 130°C (i.e., to 310°C) by the introduction of —SO3Na groups. Sulfonation also causes a major shift in the low-temperature (-100°C) transition of polysulfone. Compositions of intermediate degree of sulfonation, containing 0.5 —SO3Na groups per polysulfone repeat unit, are melt processable. This composition also displays the best balance of properties. Water absorption, which exerts a large influence on mechanical properties, ranges from 1% to 61%, depending upon degree of sulfonation and sorption conditions. Water absorption and desorption curves show non-Fickian behavior. Compositions of intermediate degree of sulfonation display optimum reverse osmosis desalination behavior. Gas permeability is significantly reduced by sulfonation. Overall behavior is consistent with an ionomer-type structure.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200717
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microcavity formation in engineering polymers exposed to hot water (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 2925-2936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Microcavity formation in engineering polymers exposed to boiling water has recently been noted in the technical literature. This study describes this observation and presents photomicrographs of the microcavity morphology. The microcavities are lens-shaped cracks emitting from a nucleation site with regular concentric ridges observed at regular intervals with characteristics similar to fatigue cracking. Cyclic exposure [intervals of hot (96deg;C) followed by cold (23°C) water immersion] was found to significantly increase the microcavity formation in specific polymers. Polymers studied under these conditions included polycarbonate, polysulfone, poly(ether sulfone), and polyetherimide. Only polycarbonate and polyetherimide exhibited internal crack formation. The microcavities of polyetherimide were quite different than those of polycarbonate as the cracks were concentrated in regions of highest molded-in stress. When polysulfone was purposely spiked with 0.1 wt % NaCl inclusions, microcavity formation was observed but at a magnitude significantly lower than that of polycarbonate (unmodified). A hypothesis is presented to explain this failure mechanism in polycarbonate. Localized regions, (nucleation sites) of higher water solubility can result in higher internal pressure and stress-induced hydrolysis causing microcavity formation. Additional internal pressure (cyclic conditions) can result from water phase separation yielding further crack propagation. Polycarbonate exhibits a larger difference in equilibrium water solubility between 23°C and 96°C than do the other plymers studied, thus yielding a greater potential for internal pressure resulting from phase separation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280920
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscible blends of poly(aryl ether ketone)s and polyetherimides (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1877-1891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new class of high performance engineering resins, poly(aryl ether ketone)s, has emerged with a property balance not offered by existing polymeric materials. Blends of poly(aryl ether ketone)s with other polymers have not been described in the open literature, although several patents have revealed interesting and important properties of certain blend combinations. Ultem polyetherimide has been found to be miscible over the entire composition range and as a consequence is a very effective heat distortion temperature builder, particularly if the poly(aryl ether ketone) is allowed to crystallize. Crystallization kinetics and mechanical properties were studied as a function of blend composition and poly(aryl ether ketone) melting point. The blends exhibited a maximum in toughness at intermediate compositions along with an accompanying maximum in poly(aryl ether ketone) crystallinity. The chemical resistance of the polyetherimide is significantly improved with the addition of a poly(aryl ether ketone). In organic chemicals, the improvement was expected when tensile stress was plotted vs. log time to rupture. However, in aqueous bases, the resistance of the blends was much greater than anticipated. This property profile suggests that these blends will be useful as thermoplastic composite matrix resins.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350713
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscible blends of styrene-acrylic acid copolymers with aliphatic, crystalline polyamides (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 1525-1535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene-acrylic acid copolymers exhibit miscibility with various aliphatic, crystalline polyamides (e.g., nylon 6, 11, and 12) at 20% acrylic acid content in the copolymer. At 8% acrylic acid, phase separation is observed with the crystalline polyamides. At 14% acrylic acid, partial miscibility is observed with each polyamide, resulting in the Tg's of the constituents shifted toward the other constituent. The miscibility of the styrene-acrylic acid copolymers ( 〉 14 wt % AA) can be ascribed to hydrogen bonding interactions with the polyamides. Styrene-acrylic acid (20% AA) copolymers are miscible with other nylons with alternating amide orientation along the chain (e.g., nylon 6,6 and nylon 6,9). These samples tend to crosslink upon exposure to temperatures above the polyamide melting point unlike the nylon 6, 11, and 12 blends in which branching may only occur. Nylon 11/styrene-acrylic acid blends were chosen for crystallization rate studies. A melting point depression of nylon 11 occurs with addition of the styrene-acrylic acid (20% AA). The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter from the melting point depression is calculated to be -0.27. The crystallization rate of nylon 11 is significantly reduced with the addition of the miscible SAA copolymers (20% AA). The spherulitic growth rate equation predicts this behavior based on a Tg increase with SAA addition.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420606
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