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Diet in late pregnancy and glucose-insulin metabolism of the offspring 40 years later (2000)

Shiell, A. W. ; Campbell, D. M. ; Hall, M. H. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1471-0528

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Objective To determine how diets of women in pregnancy influence the glucose-insulin metabolism of their offspring in adult life.Design A follow up study of men and women born during 1948–1954 whose mothers had taken part in a survey of diet in late pregnancy.Setting Aberdeen, Scotland.Population One hundred and sixty-eight men and women born in the Aberdeen Maternity Hospital.Main outcome measure Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, fasting and after a standard oral glucose challenge.Results The offspring of women who had high intakes of fat and protein in late pregnancy had a reduced plasma insulin increment between fasting and 30 min with a 7.0% decrease in increment (P= 0.007) per 10 g increase in protein intake and a 4.9% decrease (P= 0.002) per 10 g increase in fat intake. This was independent of the mother's body mass index or weight gain in pregnancy. A low maternal body mass index in early or late pregnancy was associated with a raised fasting plasma insulin concentration with a decrease of 2.4% (P= 0.05) per 1 kg/m2 increase of maternal body mass.Conclusion High intakes of protein and fat during pregnancy may impair development of the fetal pancreatic beta cells and lead to insulin deficiency in the offspring. The offspring of thin mothers tend to be insulin resistant.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11088.x

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Displacement measurements in the interior of 3-D bodies using scattered-light speckle patterns (1976)

Barker, D. B. ; Fourney, M. E.

Springer

Experimental mechanics 16 (1976), S. 209-214

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ISSN: 1741-2765

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Two new techniques making use of the scattered-light speckle pattern have been developed which yield the displacements on an arbitrary interior plane of a 3-D body. When a sheet of coherent light passes through a transparent 3-D body, a small fraction is scattered. This scattered light produces a speckle pattern in an imaging system. By recording two superimposed images of this speckle pattern, one before and one after body deformation, the displacements on the interior illuminated plane can be found. The technique of scattered-light photography uses a single illuminating beam and is sensitive to displacements greater than one speckle diameter, approximately 3 μm. Scattered-light speckle interferometry uses two illuminating beams and is sensitive to displacements greater than one half the wavelength of light being used, approximately 0.2 μm. With both techniques, the double-exposed speckle photograph is optically processed to yield displacement information. With both techniques, the maximum displacement measurable is limited by correlation requirements between the two speckle patterns. Experimental results are presented demonstrating the two new techniques.