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  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (27)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1978  (27)
  • Chemistry  (24)
  • Arthropod vision  (2)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3325-3335 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphorus-containing Carbohydrates, XVII: Studies on the Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Glycosylphosphonates. Anomeric Effect and A-Value of the Dimethylphosphono GroupBy hydrogenation unsaturated glycosylphosphonates of type 1 give rise to the formation of 2,3-dideoxyglycosylphosphonates 2 and 2,3,4-trideoxyglycosylphosphonates 3. Their product ratio depends on configuration and conformation of the educts 1a-f. 1H and 13H and 13C NMR data permit an assigment of the anomers of the hydrogenated glycosylphosphonates. For the one-bond coupling constant between 13C-1 and 31P the correlation 1JC, Peq 〉 1JC, Pax is valid, which exhibits a difference of 19-23 Hz. The unsaturated glycosylphosphonates show deviations from Hudson's isorotation rule. In dimethyl cis-4-methyl-1-cyclohexanephosphonate (9) the A-value of the dimethylphosphono group has been determined to 8.34 kJ/mol. The ratio of conformers in 3a leads to an anomeric effect of the dimethylphosphono group of 2.33 kJ/mol.
    Notes: Ungesättigte Glycosylphosphonate vom Typ 1 liefern bei der Hydrierung außer 2,3-Didesoxyglycosylphosphonaten 2 auch 2,3,4-Tridesoxyglycosylphosphonate 3. Das Produktverhältnis ist von Konfiguration und Konformation der Ausgangsprodukte 1a-f abhängig. 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten erlauben eine Anomerenzuordnung der hydrierten Glycosylphosphonate. Für die 13C-31P-Direktkopplung an C-1 gilt 1JC, Peq 〉 1JC, Pax mit einer Differenz von 19-23 Hz. Die ungesättigten Glycosylphosphonate zeigen Abweichungen von der Hudsonschen Regel. Am Dimethyl-cis-4-methyl-1-cyclohexanphosphonat (9) wurde der A-Wert der Dimethylphosphono-Gruppe zu 8.34 kJ/mol bestimmt. Aus der Konformerenverteilung bei 3a ergibt sich der anomere Effekt der Dimethylphosphono-Gruppe zu 2.33 kJ/mol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flexible model results for the —NH2 inversion in vinylamine are compared with microwave data published by Lovas et al. [3]. The information available on the spacing of inversion levels is found to be sufficient to rule out a planar equilibrium structure. Shifts of rotational constants upon excitation of the inversion are calculated for two predicted paths of motion derived from PRDDO geometry optimization results obtained by MiiIler & Brown [2]. Partial geometry optimization yields a path inconsistent with experiment but the path obtained from complete optimization produces shifts in excellent agreement with the observed shifts. A potential energy function compatible with experimental data on spacing of inversion levels is calculated from the observed inertia defects. The inversion angle at equilibrium is slightly smaller than the angle predicted from PRDDO calculations, and the barrier to inversion, ΔV = 1.08 ± 0.07 kcal/mol, is approximately half the PRDDO value.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 719-725 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A variety of blends of ABA poly(styrene-b-isoprene) copolymers with poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) were prepared. Their compatibility was examined by measuring both the apparent modulus of rigidity and the loss tangent. Several blends showed a unique glass transition temperature between those of the individual components, which indicated compatibility. It was found that only those copolymers which phase separate are compatible with poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 804-815 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron beam microanalysis of surface layers on galvanized hot-water steel tubesIn connection with investigations on the influence of copper over the corrosion behaviour of galvanized tubes in waters of 65°C, the structure of the surface layers was of special interest.Therefore the distribution of the elements building the layers is determined by electron beam microanalysis.The arrangement of chloride and sulfate shows that the surface layer may be partially semiconducting. The distribution of other elements favours this opinion. On the basis of the copper distribution and other considerations a hypothesis on the influence of copper as a pitting-promoter is made.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Kupfer auf das Korrosionsverhalten verzinkter Rohre in warmen Wässern, t = 65°C, interessierte der Aufbau der aus Korrosionsprodukten gebildeten Rohrdeckschichten in vielfältiger Hinsicht. Aus diesem Grunde ist mit Hilfe der Mikrosonde die Verteilung der Elemente des Rohrmaterials und der Wasserinhaltsstoffe in Deckschichten verzinkter Rohre aus diesen Untersuchungen ermittelt worden. Aufgrund der vorgefundenen Anordnung der Neutralsalzionen Chlorid und Sulfat werden der Deckschicht halbleitende Eigenschaften zugeschrieben, die zu einer zumindest teilweisen Trennung der anodischen und kathodischen Teilreaktionen der Rohrkorrosion führen. Diese Anschauung wird durch Ablagerungen von Kupfer sowie von Kalk, Silikaten und Phosphaten an der Phasengrenze Deckschicht/Wasser unterstützt. Anhand der Kupferverteilung in der Deckschicht von vorverkupferten und von kupferhaltigem Wasser ausgesetzten Rohren sind Überlegungen über die lochkorrosionsinduzierende Wirkung des Kupfers angestellt worden. Hiernach wird vermutet, daß gelöstes Kupfer selbst als Oxydationsmittel wirkt und somit die Metallauflösung an Lokalanoden stimuliert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 59-79 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eyes ; Arthropod vision ; Deep-sea crustaceans ; Ultrastructure ; Thysanopoda tricuspidata (Euphausiacea)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The compound eyes of the mesopelagic euphausiid Thysanopoda tricuspidata were investigated by light-, scanning-, and transmission electron microscopy. The eyes are spherical and have a diameter that corresponds to 1/6 of the carapace length. The hexagonal facets have strongly curved outer surfaces. Although there are four crystalline cone cells, only two participate in the formation of the cone, which is 90–120 μm long and appears to have a radial gradient of refractive index. The clear zone, separating dioptric structures and retinula, is only 90–120 μm wide. In it lie the very large oval nuclei of the seven retinula cells. Directly in front of the 70 μm long and 15 μm thick rhabdom a lens-like structure of 12 μm diameter is developed. This structure, known in only a very few arthropods, seems to be present in all species of Euphausiacea studied to date. It is believed that the rhabdom lens improves near-field vision and absolute light sensitivity. Rod-shaped pigment grains and mitochondria of the tubular type are found in the plasma of retinula cells. The position of the proximal screening pigment as well as the microvillar organization in the rhadbdom are indicative of light-adapted material. The orthogonal alignment of rhabdovilli suggests polarization sensitivity. Behind each rhabdom there is a cup-shaped homogeneous structure of unknown, but possibly optical function. Finally, the structure and the function of the euphysiid eye are reviewed and the functional implications of individual components are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 186 (1978), S. 337-349 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Arthropod vision ; Deep-sea crustaceans ; Streetsia (Amphipoda) ; Eye ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Streetsia challengeri sind linkes und rechtes Auge zu einem einzigen zylindrischen Auge zusammengewachsen, das die basale Hälfte eines nach vorn weisenden ‘Kopfhorns’ bildet. Dieses ungewöhnliche Komplexauge besteht aus ca. 2500 Ommatidien, die auf Grund ihrer besonderen Anordnung dem Tier zwar ein Sehfeld von 360° verleihen, es ihm aber nicht ermöglichen, nach vorn oder nach hinten zu sehen. Es wird vermutet, daß das Auge nach Lichtleiterprinzipien arbeitet, und daß die Kristallkegel die Hauptelemente des dioptrischen Apparates sind. Kristallkegel und Retinula werden voneinander durch eine 4 μm dicke Schicht getrennt, die aus winzigen Pigmentgrana von 0.15μm Durchmesser besteht. Benachbarte Ommatidien in anterio-posteriorer Richtung zeigen eine größere Überlappung des Sehfeldes als dorso-ventral benachbarte Ommatidien. Zellen unbekannter Herkunft und Funktion mit ungewöhnlichen multitubulären Organellen wurden regelmäßig nahe der Kristallkegelenden gefunden. Die schraubigen Rhabdome haben einen Durchmesser von 18–20 μm; ihre Mikrovilli messen 0.05μm im Querschnitt. Mikrovilli gehören 5 Retinulazellen an und zeigen keinerlei Anzeichen von Disintegration trotz Helladaptation. Letztere manifestiert sich in der Position der interommatidialen Pigmentkörner, der geringen Weite des perirhabdomalen Zwischenraumes und der Dichte vesikulärer und anderer intrazellulärer Körper in den Retinulazellen. Retinula-Zellkerne befinden sich auf der proximalen Seite der stark pigmentierten Basalmembran. Ein Tapetum oder basale Retinulazellen sind nicht entwickelt. Es wird gefolgert, daß das Auge Sehschärfe und Empfindlichkeit optimal vereinigt, und daß es zur Entfernungsmessung u.a. das Phänomen der Parallaxis verwendet.
    Notes: Summary In Streetsia challengeri left and right eyes have fused and become a single cylindrical photoreceptor, which occupies the basal half of a forward directed head projection. This unusual compound eye consists of approximately 2500 ommatidia, which are arranged in such a way that the animal has almost circumferential vision, but cannot look ahead or behind. It is thought that the eye operates on light-guide principles, and that the crystalline cones are the major dioptric component. Ommatidia in anterior-posterior rows show a greater overlap of visual fields than dorso-ventrally arranged ommatidia. Cone layer and retinula are separated by a 4 μm thick screen-membrane, which contains tiny pigment granules of 0.15 μm diameter. Cells of unknown function and origin, containing unusual multitubular organelles, are regularly found near the proximal ends of the crystalline cone threads. The twisted rhabdoms measure 18–20 μm in diameter, and consist of microvilli 0.05 μm in width, which belong to five retinula cells and which show no trace of disintegration. The position of interommatidial screening pigment, the density of retinula cell vesicles and inclusions, and the narrowness of the perirhabdomal space all suggest that the eyes have been light-adapted at the time of fixation for electron microscopy. The retinula cell nuclei lie on the proximal side of the heavily pigmented basement membrane. A tapetum or basal retinula cells are not developed. It is concluded that the eye optimally combines acuity with sensitivity, and that for distance estimation parallax may be important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 90 (1978), S. 553-554 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The melting temperatures of gels that were formed from dilute solutions of dioxane and suspension polyvinylchloride of different preparation were measured. Dependent on the temperature of polymerization of the polyvinylchloride different degrees of syndiotacticity could be shown by the measurement of the heat of crosslinking and the examination of the length of crystallized sequences in the gel. Fractionation of polyvinylchloride by precipitation led to products which were not only different in molecular weight but in the stereoregular structure too.
    Notes: Die Schmelztemperaturen von Gelen aus verdünnten Lösungen von Dioxan und Suspensions-Polyvinylchlorid unterschiedlicher Herstellungsweise wurden untersucht. Abhängig von der Polymerisationstemperatur des Polyvinylchlorids ließen sich unterschiedliche syndiotaktische Strukturen durch Bestimmung von Gelschmelzenthalpien und der Länge der kristallisierten Sequenzen im Gel nachweisen. Bei fällungsfraktioniertem Polyvinylchlorid wurde neben der Fraktionierung nach dem Molekulargewicht auch eine Fraktionierung nach der taktischen Struktur gefunden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sechs verschiedene segmentierte Copolyetherester basierend auf Polybutylenterephthalat als hartem und Oligotetramethylenoxidglykol als weichem Segment wurden untersucht. Der Gewichtsbruch der Hartsegmente lag zwischen 0,26 und 0,72, und die Weichsegmente hatten Molgewichte von entweder 1000 oder 2000. Das Schmelz-, Rekristallisations- und Temperverhalten sowie Relaxationsphanomene wurden untersucht; letzteres mit Hilfe eines Torsionspendels.Die DSC-Daten zeigen, daI3 nur ein kleiner Teil aller Hartsegmente kristallisiert. Sequenzen, die kiirzer oder langer als die mittlere Sequenzlange sind, kristallisieren nicht, sondern bilden zusammen mit den Weichsegmenten eine homogene amorphe Matrix, in die die kristallinen Domanen eingebettet sind. Diese Domanen werden infolge kalten Flusses unter Spannung vollstandig zerstort, bilden sich jedoch bei Temperung der verstreckten Proben wieder aus. Man beobachtet ein exponentielles Anwachsen der Langperiode mit zunehmender Tempertemperatur, wobei der Schmelzpunkt konstant bleibt. Die Sequenzlangenverteilung scheint keinen EinfluB auf das Temperverhalten zu haben.
    Notes: Six different segmented copolyether-esters based on polybutyleneterephthalate as the hard and oligotetramethylene oxide glycols as the soft segments were studied. The weight fraction of the hard segments varied between 0.26 and 0.72 and the soft segment had an average molecular weight of either 1000 or 2000. The melting, recrystallization, and annealing behavior was studied as well as the relaxation behavior via measurement by a torsion pendulum. The DSC-data indicate that only a small fraction of all hard segment sequences crystallize. Sequences shorter or longer than the average sequence length do not crystallize but together with the soft segments form a homogeneous amorphous matrix in which the crystalline domains are embedded. These domains are completely destroyed by cold flow under stress but are formed again on annealing the stretched sample. An exponential increase of the long spacing is observed with increasing annealing temperature without change in melting temperature. The sequence distribution does not seem to influence the annealing behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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