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  • 2020-2024
  • 1975-1979  (27)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1978  (27)
  • Chemistry  (24)
  • Tricalcium phosphate  (2)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Thermodynamics ; Kinetics ; Apatite ; Octacalcium phosphate ; Tricalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic analysis has been made of the secondary transition stage in the spontaneous precipitation of calcium phosphate following the amorphous-crystalline transformation. The first formed crystalline material has a solubility similar to that of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and the computed thermodynamic solubility product remains invariant in the pH range 7.00–8.60. The duration of the secondary stage is sensitive to pH and the transition appears to occur by hydrolysis of the first formed OCP-like phase to a more basic apatitic phase with a tricalcium phosphate (TCP) stoichiometry. The crystalline material at the end of this transition has an invariant solubility product, in the pH range 7.00 to 8.60, when the TCP-like molecular formula is assumed. Changes in the solution chemistry which accompany the solid-tosolid transitions are consistent with the above conclusions. The results of this study are also consistent with those of a previous study which suggest that the stability of the amorphous calcium phosphate phase is dependent upon the instability of the solution phase with respect to OCP formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 25 (1978), S. 59-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous calcium phosphate ; Thermodynamics ; Apatite ; Octacalcium phosphate ; Tricalcium phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and its transformation to crystalline apatite has been made. A nearly constant ion product, over a wide variety of conditions, was obtained for a tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-like phase suggesting that the molecular unit which governs the solubility of ACP may be similar in composition to TCP. The introduction of 10% acid phosphate into the formula for the TCP ion product improves the fit of experimental data and results in an invariant ion product. The stability of ACP in solution was found to be dependent upon its thermodynamic instability with respect to an octacalcium phosphate (OCP)-like phase. The dependence of the induction period for the amorphous to crystalline transformation upon the pH and the Ca/P ratio of the solution is best explained by the assumption that an OCP-like phase is initially nucleated on the surfaces of the ACP particles. The events that occur in the immediate post-transition period suggest the hydrolysis of this OCP-like material to an apatitic phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 3325-3335 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Phosphorus-containing Carbohydrates, XVII: Studies on the Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Glycosylphosphonates. Anomeric Effect and A-Value of the Dimethylphosphono GroupBy hydrogenation unsaturated glycosylphosphonates of type 1 give rise to the formation of 2,3-dideoxyglycosylphosphonates 2 and 2,3,4-trideoxyglycosylphosphonates 3. Their product ratio depends on configuration and conformation of the educts 1a-f. 1H and 13H and 13C NMR data permit an assigment of the anomers of the hydrogenated glycosylphosphonates. For the one-bond coupling constant between 13C-1 and 31P the correlation 1JC, Peq 〉 1JC, Pax is valid, which exhibits a difference of 19-23 Hz. The unsaturated glycosylphosphonates show deviations from Hudson's isorotation rule. In dimethyl cis-4-methyl-1-cyclohexanephosphonate (9) the A-value of the dimethylphosphono group has been determined to 8.34 kJ/mol. The ratio of conformers in 3a leads to an anomeric effect of the dimethylphosphono group of 2.33 kJ/mol.
    Notes: Ungesättigte Glycosylphosphonate vom Typ 1 liefern bei der Hydrierung außer 2,3-Didesoxyglycosylphosphonaten 2 auch 2,3,4-Tridesoxyglycosylphosphonate 3. Das Produktverhältnis ist von Konfiguration und Konformation der Ausgangsprodukte 1a-f abhängig. 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten erlauben eine Anomerenzuordnung der hydrierten Glycosylphosphonate. Für die 13C-31P-Direktkopplung an C-1 gilt 1JC, Peq 〉 1JC, Pax mit einer Differenz von 19-23 Hz. Die ungesättigten Glycosylphosphonate zeigen Abweichungen von der Hudsonschen Regel. Am Dimethyl-cis-4-methyl-1-cyclohexanphosphonat (9) wurde der A-Wert der Dimethylphosphono-Gruppe zu 8.34 kJ/mol bestimmt. Aus der Konformerenverteilung bei 3a ergibt sich der anomere Effekt der Dimethylphosphono-Gruppe zu 2.33 kJ/mol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Flexible model results for the —NH2 inversion in vinylamine are compared with microwave data published by Lovas et al. [3]. The information available on the spacing of inversion levels is found to be sufficient to rule out a planar equilibrium structure. Shifts of rotational constants upon excitation of the inversion are calculated for two predicted paths of motion derived from PRDDO geometry optimization results obtained by MiiIler & Brown [2]. Partial geometry optimization yields a path inconsistent with experiment but the path obtained from complete optimization produces shifts in excellent agreement with the observed shifts. A potential energy function compatible with experimental data on spacing of inversion levels is calculated from the observed inertia defects. The inversion angle at equilibrium is slightly smaller than the angle predicted from PRDDO calculations, and the barrier to inversion, ΔV = 1.08 ± 0.07 kcal/mol, is approximately half the PRDDO value.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 719-725 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A variety of blends of ABA poly(styrene-b-isoprene) copolymers with poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide) were prepared. Their compatibility was examined by measuring both the apparent modulus of rigidity and the loss tangent. Several blends showed a unique glass transition temperature between those of the individual components, which indicated compatibility. It was found that only those copolymers which phase separate are compatible with poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 804-815 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electron beam microanalysis of surface layers on galvanized hot-water steel tubesIn connection with investigations on the influence of copper over the corrosion behaviour of galvanized tubes in waters of 65°C, the structure of the surface layers was of special interest.Therefore the distribution of the elements building the layers is determined by electron beam microanalysis.The arrangement of chloride and sulfate shows that the surface layer may be partially semiconducting. The distribution of other elements favours this opinion. On the basis of the copper distribution and other considerations a hypothesis on the influence of copper as a pitting-promoter is made.
    Notes: Im Anschluß an Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Kupfer auf das Korrosionsverhalten verzinkter Rohre in warmen Wässern, t = 65°C, interessierte der Aufbau der aus Korrosionsprodukten gebildeten Rohrdeckschichten in vielfältiger Hinsicht. Aus diesem Grunde ist mit Hilfe der Mikrosonde die Verteilung der Elemente des Rohrmaterials und der Wasserinhaltsstoffe in Deckschichten verzinkter Rohre aus diesen Untersuchungen ermittelt worden. Aufgrund der vorgefundenen Anordnung der Neutralsalzionen Chlorid und Sulfat werden der Deckschicht halbleitende Eigenschaften zugeschrieben, die zu einer zumindest teilweisen Trennung der anodischen und kathodischen Teilreaktionen der Rohrkorrosion führen. Diese Anschauung wird durch Ablagerungen von Kupfer sowie von Kalk, Silikaten und Phosphaten an der Phasengrenze Deckschicht/Wasser unterstützt. Anhand der Kupferverteilung in der Deckschicht von vorverkupferten und von kupferhaltigem Wasser ausgesetzten Rohren sind Überlegungen über die lochkorrosionsinduzierende Wirkung des Kupfers angestellt worden. Hiernach wird vermutet, daß gelöstes Kupfer selbst als Oxydationsmittel wirkt und somit die Metallauflösung an Lokalanoden stimuliert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 90 (1978), S. 553-554 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The melting temperatures of gels that were formed from dilute solutions of dioxane and suspension polyvinylchloride of different preparation were measured. Dependent on the temperature of polymerization of the polyvinylchloride different degrees of syndiotacticity could be shown by the measurement of the heat of crosslinking and the examination of the length of crystallized sequences in the gel. Fractionation of polyvinylchloride by precipitation led to products which were not only different in molecular weight but in the stereoregular structure too.
    Notes: Die Schmelztemperaturen von Gelen aus verdünnten Lösungen von Dioxan und Suspensions-Polyvinylchlorid unterschiedlicher Herstellungsweise wurden untersucht. Abhängig von der Polymerisationstemperatur des Polyvinylchlorids ließen sich unterschiedliche syndiotaktische Strukturen durch Bestimmung von Gelschmelzenthalpien und der Länge der kristallisierten Sequenzen im Gel nachweisen. Bei fällungsfraktioniertem Polyvinylchlorid wurde neben der Fraktionierung nach dem Molekulargewicht auch eine Fraktionierung nach der taktischen Struktur gefunden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sechs verschiedene segmentierte Copolyetherester basierend auf Polybutylenterephthalat als hartem und Oligotetramethylenoxidglykol als weichem Segment wurden untersucht. Der Gewichtsbruch der Hartsegmente lag zwischen 0,26 und 0,72, und die Weichsegmente hatten Molgewichte von entweder 1000 oder 2000. Das Schmelz-, Rekristallisations- und Temperverhalten sowie Relaxationsphanomene wurden untersucht; letzteres mit Hilfe eines Torsionspendels.Die DSC-Daten zeigen, daI3 nur ein kleiner Teil aller Hartsegmente kristallisiert. Sequenzen, die kiirzer oder langer als die mittlere Sequenzlange sind, kristallisieren nicht, sondern bilden zusammen mit den Weichsegmenten eine homogene amorphe Matrix, in die die kristallinen Domanen eingebettet sind. Diese Domanen werden infolge kalten Flusses unter Spannung vollstandig zerstort, bilden sich jedoch bei Temperung der verstreckten Proben wieder aus. Man beobachtet ein exponentielles Anwachsen der Langperiode mit zunehmender Tempertemperatur, wobei der Schmelzpunkt konstant bleibt. Die Sequenzlangenverteilung scheint keinen EinfluB auf das Temperverhalten zu haben.
    Notes: Six different segmented copolyether-esters based on polybutyleneterephthalate as the hard and oligotetramethylene oxide glycols as the soft segments were studied. The weight fraction of the hard segments varied between 0.26 and 0.72 and the soft segment had an average molecular weight of either 1000 or 2000. The melting, recrystallization, and annealing behavior was studied as well as the relaxation behavior via measurement by a torsion pendulum. The DSC-data indicate that only a small fraction of all hard segment sequences crystallize. Sequences shorter or longer than the average sequence length do not crystallize but together with the soft segments form a homogeneous amorphous matrix in which the crystalline domains are embedded. These domains are completely destroyed by cold flow under stress but are formed again on annealing the stretched sample. An exponential increase of the long spacing is observed with increasing annealing temperature without change in melting temperature. The sequence distribution does not seem to influence the annealing behavior.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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