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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semisynthetic human insulin and purified pork insulin do not differ in their biological potency (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 1145-1150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Semisynthetic human insulin ; Biological potency ; Insulin hypoglycaemia ; Euglycaemic clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The biological potency of semisynthetic human insulin (Actrapid HM, Novo) and purified pork insulin (Actrapid MC, Novo) was assessed in normal and diabetic subjects. The blood glucose lowering effect and the related counter-regulatory response were initially tested in six healthy subjects who received an i.v. injection of 0.15 U/kg body weight of either insulin preparation. The attained insulin levels were very similar (peak at 15 min: HM 139±7, MC 129±7 µU/ml), as well as the resulting blood glucose curves. A prolonged suppression of C-peptide values was observed after injecting both preparations. The evoked counter-regulatory response [glucagon, growth hormone (GH), cortisol and catecholamines] showed minimal differences. Prolactin secretion was almost identical after HM and MC injection. A glucose clamp study was subsequently performed in six insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients. Blood glucose levels were maintained at 80 mg/dl by the artificial pancreas during a 180 min infusion of MC or HM insulin (30 mU/kg/h). The amounts of dextrose infused during the last 60 min of the study were not significantly different (121±14 vs 137±11 mg/kg/h for MC and HM, respectively). It is clear from our results that at the dose levels used in this study, the biological potency of i.v. injected HM is very similar to that of MC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01712180
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impaired blood pressure response to norepinephrine in a case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus — Improvement with a β-adrenergic antagonist (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 366-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; Adrenergic receptors ; Orthostatic hypotension ; β-Blocking agents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a 30-year-old male patient is reported. He was admitted to the hospital because of severe diabetic neuropathy, predominantly in the lower extremities. Signs of autonomic neuropathy were not evident but the patient had severe orthostatic hypotension. Circulating catecholamine concentrations were normal; however, the blood pressure response to infused norepinephrine was reduced ten-fold compared to a group of normals. An improvement of the blood pressure response to sympathomimetic drugs was accomplished during the simultaneous administration of propranolol, a β-receptor blocking agent. The present data suggest a possible defect of the adrenergic receptor system in response to sympathomimetic drugs while the release of catecholamines and the function of the parasympathetic nervous system appears to be intact. Treatment with β-blocking agents such as propranolol as an adjunct to sympathomimetics seems to be a promising approach which might deserve further consideration in similar cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716256
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of neurotransmitters on the release of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) by rat hypothalamic tissue in vitro (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothalamus in vitro ; CRH ; Neurotransmitters ; Norepinephrine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of neurotransmitters on in vitro release of CRH from rat hypothalamic tissue were investigated. Three whole hypothalami or three mediobasal hypothalami from male rats, adrenalectomized 7 days before, were incubated for 10 min in a medium similar to cerebrospinal fluid at 37 ° C under 95% O2, 5% CO2. CRH activity was assayed by radioimmunological measurement of ACTH released by isolated pituitary cells from adrenalectomized rats. Norepinephrine (NE) at a concentration of 0.02×10−6 M to 2×10−6 M stimulated dose-related CRH release. At larger concentrations the response decreased again (bell-shaped dose-response relationship). The action of norepinephrine was completely blocked by coincubation with phentolamine. Similar results were obtained whether whole hypothalami or mediobasal hypothalami were incubated with norepinephrine. This suggests that the site of action of NE was within the mediobasal hypothalamus. The possibility that the observed effects were due to the CRH-like activity of vasopressin released from the hypothalamic tissue was excluded by simultaneous measurements of CRH activity and arginine-vasopressin concentrations in the medium. Dopamine at very large concentrations (17.6×10−6 M) also stimulated CRH release. Acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine and GABA did not influence the basal CRH release at any of the concentrations tested. These results suggest that in the rat, norepinephrine may have a physiological role as stimulator of CRH-release at the level of the mediobasal hypothalamus. However, in view of the conflicting results obtained with similar and other methods, no definite conclusions should yet be drawn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237553
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report of the Third Workshop of the EASD Study Group on Artificial Insulin Delivery Systems, Pancreas and Islet Transplantation (AIDSPIT) (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 607-608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1980)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 19 (1980), S. 406-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00280531
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Importance of early postprandial insulin delivery in insulin-dependent diabetics (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 738-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Insulin infusion ; Artificial endocrine pancreas ; Glucose-controlled insulin infusion system ; Insulin therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In nine insulin-dependent diabetics postprandial glucose control under closed loop insulin infusion by an artificial endocrine pancreas was compared with that obtained under open loop infusion employing identical infusion profiles which were advanced 20 min by time in the case of open loop infusion. The earlier increase of insulin infusion rates in the latter case resulted in lower postprandial glucose concentrations during the first 90 min after meal intake. Incremental areas under the blood glucose curves during this time were significantly lower when insulin infusion rates rose earlier (4.5×103±0.5×103 vs 2.1×103±0.6×103 mg/dl×min;p〈0.02). Insulin was administered at maximum rates 45–50 min after the start of the meal during closed loop infusion (196±38 mU/min) and 25–30 min after the meal during open loop infusion (192±35 mU/min). Correspondingly, mean free insulin concentrations which are available from six patients rose to 135±47 (40 min) or 141±50 µU/ml (20 min). Glucagon levels did not differ between both parts of the study. It is concluded that increases of post-prandial insulin infusion rates occurring earlier than increases of blood glucose levels are important for optimizing glucose profiles and possibly reflect physiologic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725708
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of continuous and oscillatory portal vein insulin infusion upon glucose-induced insulin release in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 184 (1984), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Oscillations ; Insulin ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to determine the effect of low dose continuous and oscillatory intraportal insulin infusions upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. In overnight-fasted and anesthetized rats with indwelling catheters in the jugular vein, carotic artery, and mesenteric vein insulin was infused intraportally for 3 h via the mesenteric vein catheter at a continuous rate of 45 µU/kg·min, or the same amount of insulin was administered at alternating high (72 µU/kg·min) and low infusion rates (18 µU/kg·min), respectively, in 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-min cycles (oscillatory infusions). Another group received a continuous infusion of saline. Glucose (0.4 g/kg) was given i.v. 30 min after the end of the insulin or saline infusion. During the 3-h infusion of insulin or saline the peripheral glucose level remained unchanged in all groups. In response to the i.v. glucose load peripheral arterial plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated after preceding oscillatory infusions compared to the continuous insulin infusion. As compared to the group receiving saline the glucose-induced insulin response after continuous insulin infusion was significantly reduced. The plasma glucose responses were not different except for inexplicably elevated glucose levels in the 4-min cycle group. No difference was observed for plasma glucagon levels in all groups. The present data demonstrate an augmented responsiveness of theβ-cell to glucose after a preceding oscillatory infusion of insulin and an impaired responsiveness to glucose after continuous insulin infusion. This indicates that an oscillatory insulin release might be of importance for an adequate regulation ofβ-cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852224
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