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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 137-146 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Limit values ; Internal exposure ; External exposure ; MAK value ; Toluene blood level ; Grenzwerte ; innere Belastung ; äußere Belastung ; MAK-Wert ; Toluol-Blutspiegel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel einer Toluolexposition am Arbeitsplatz wird ein Verfahren zur Diskussion gestellt, Grenzwerte für Parameter der inneren Belastung zu evaluieren. Es beruht auf der Berechnung eines quantitativen Zusammenhangs zwischen der inneren und der äußeren Exposition. Ein Grenzwert für den Toluol-Blutspiegel ergäbe sich zu 2,6 mg/l. Das Verfahren sollte sich sinngemäß auf eine Reihe von gefährlichen Arbeitsstoffen anwenden lassen.
    Notes: Summary A method is proposed to evaluate limit values for parameters of internal exposure, e.g., for the toluene blood level of exposed workers. A relation between internal and external exposure is calculated. A limit value for the toluene blood level is estimated to be 2.6 mg/1. This method of evaluating limit values for biological parameters should be suited for many other hazardous substances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1981), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Cobalt ; Atomic absorption spectrometry ; Urine ; Kobalt ; Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie ; Harn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine einfache und analytisch zuverlässige Methode zur Kobaltbestimmung im Harn wird beschrieben. Nach einer Extraktion wird das Kobalt mit Hilfe der flammenlosen Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie gemessen. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 0.1 μg Kobalt pro Liter Harn. Bei definiert zugesetzten Kobaltmengen liegt die Wiederfindung zwischen 101 and 107%. Der Variationskoeffizient schwankt zwischen 3,4 und 8,6%. Bei beruflich nicht exponierten Personen fanden sich Konzentrationen zwischen 0,l and 0,75 μg/l.
    Notes: Summary A simple and reliable analytical method for the determination of cobalt in human urine is described. After an extraction step, cobalt is measured with the aid of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit is 0.1 μg cobalt per litre urine. The recovery of cobalt, determined by the addition of a defined cobalt concentration to the urine, is in the range of 101–107%. The relative standard deviation is between 3.4 and 8.6%. In the urine of persons not professionally exposed to cobalt, concentrations between 0.1 and 0.75 μg/l were found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 319-324 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Chlorophenols ; Gas chromatography ; Hexachlorocyclohexane ; Metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of ten chlorinated phenols that appear in the urine of persons exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH). The phenolic compounds in the urinary samples are hydrolysed in an acidic medium and derivatised with acetic anhydride. This sample treatment permits routine application. The stationary phase (8% DC 200 on Chromosorb G AW-DMCS possesses a high separating capability for the acetic esters of the chlorophenols. The detection limits lie between 4.9 and 18.6 μg/l and allow determinations even in the environmentally interesting concentration range. The recoveries determined using aqueous standards range between 87 and 119% and the relative standard deviations are between 4.4 and 10.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 49 (1981), S. 187-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Nickel ; Urine ; Electrothermal atomic absorption ; Nickel ; Harn ; elektrothermale Atomabsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein analytisch zuverlässiges „Eintopfverfahren” zur Bestimmung von Nickel in Harn beschrieben. Nach einem Extraktionsschritt wird das Schwermetall mit Hilfe der elektrothermalen Atomabsorption bestimmt. Die Nachweisgrenze beträgt 0,1 μg/l. Die Variabilitätskoeffizienten der Serienbestimmung lagen zwischen 2,3 und 9,5%, die Wiederfindungsraten zwischen 98 und 105%. Bei beruflich nicht exponierten Personen wurden Nickelkonzentrationen zwischen 0,34 und 2,25 μg/l. gemessen. Die obere Normgrenze wird auf 1,9 μg/l. geschätzt.
    Notes: Summary An analytically reliable “one-vessel-method” for the determination of nickel in urine is described. After an extraction step, the metal content is analysed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit amounts to 0.1 μg/l. The coefficients of variability for determinations in series are between 2.5 and 9.5% and the recoveries between 98 and 105%. In a group of occupationally unexposed persons (n = 39), concentrations of nickel in urine are measured from 0.34 to 2.25 μg/1. The upper normal level is estimated to be 1.9 μg/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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