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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 72 (1997), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Biological monitoring ; Mercapturic acids ; Toluene metabolism ; S-p-Toluylmercapturic acid ; o-Cresol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mercapturic acid attached to the aromatic ring of toluene was for the first time detected in human urine as a metabolite of toluene. Since the metabolism of toluene is usually considered to take place at the side-chain, this gives, besides the biosynthesis of cresols, a further hint of a metabolic conversion of the aromatic system. We examined a group of 33 workers occupationally exposed to toluene, determining the concentrations of toluene in ambient air and in whole blood, o-cresol and hippuric acid in urine and p-toluylmercapturic acid (p-TMA) in urine. All blood and urine samples were collected post-shift. The renal excretion of S-p-toluylmercapturic acid showed highly significant correlations with established parameters of a biological monitoring of toluene. The median ambient air concentration was 63 ppm, ranging from 13 to 151 ppm, the median concentration of toluene in whole blood was 804 μg/l, corresponding to median urinary concentrations for o-cresol of 2.3 mg/l, hippuric acid of 2.3 g/l and p-TMA of 20.4 μg/l. p-TMA was not detectable in urine samples of a control group of 10 non-exposed persons. Both the German Biological Tolerance Values (BAT-values) for toluene in blood (1000 μg/l) and o-cresol in urine (3 mg/l) correspond to a mean p-TMA elimination of ∼50 g/l, and thus are in agreement with each other. According to our results p-TMA reflects internal toluene exposure diagnostically sensitive and specifical. With the developed analytical procedure we determined a median benzylmercapturic acid (BMA) concentration of 190 μg/l in the urine samples of the toluene exposed persons. We also determined a median BMA concentration of 30 μg/l in the control samples of non-exposed persons. However, these results are preliminary and require further confirmation as the reliability of the method was determined only for p-TMA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 580 (1992), S. 229-255 
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 218 (1989), S. 355 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 2 (1983), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 0165-9936
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 21 (1976), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 0022-2364
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 10 (1969), S. 3665-3666 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 223 (1989), S. 475 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The determination of mercury concentrations in blood and urine is currently the best way of monitoring individual uptake of organic and inorganic mercury. In Germany these determinations must be carried out under the conditions of an external quality assurance programme. The German performance evaluation, based on reference values established by reference laboratories yields success rates in percent for the participants in the intercomparison programme of about 60%. A Canadian evaluation system based on two evaluations scores, yields success rates of 25–50% for “good performance” and of 65–80% for “acceptable performance”. The determination of mercury in blood and urine is at present not carried out with the necessary reliability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 33 (1974), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Halogenated hydrocarbons ; Ethanol ; Metabolism ; Disappearance rate ; Animal experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 24 Albino-Wistar rats were exposed to dichloromethane-vapours in a concentration of 4200 ppm over a period of 4 hrs after intraperitoneal application of 2.0 g ethanol per kilogram body weight. The disappearance rate of ethanol was measured between the 80th and 240th min after the beginning of the exposure. In comparison to a control group of 24 other rats not exposed to dichloromethane the blood ethanol concentrations turned out to be significantly higher, although an influence of dichloromethane on the ethanol metabolism could not be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 42 (1979), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Phenol ; Cresols ; Gas chromatography ; High pressure liquid chromatography ; Photometry ; Urine ; Phenol ; Kresole ; Gaschromatographie ; Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie ; Photometrie ; Harn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine gaschromatographische und eine hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographische Methode zur Bestimmung von Phenol und Kresolen im Harn wind beschrieben. Phenol wind in beiden Fällen selektiv erfaßt. o-, m- und p-Kresol wird beschrieben. Phenol wind in beiden Fällen selektiv erfaßt. o-, m- und p-Kresol werden hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographisch nicht getrennt. Gaschromatographisch gelingt die Abtrennung von o-Kresol. Aufgrund der speziellen Probenaufbereitung sind beide Verfahren sehr empfindlich. Die Nachweisgrenzen liegen zwischen 0,2 und 1,3 mg/l. 24-h-Harne eines Normalkollektivs (n = 30) werden untersucht (xPhenol = 4,6 mg/l; xp-Kresol = 45,7 bzw. 52,6 mg/l). Die Ergebnisse werden mit denen eines photometrischen Verfahrens verglichen.
    Notes: Summary Gas chromatographic and high pressure liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of phenol and cresols in urine are described. In both cases phenol is determined specifically; o-, m- und p-cresols are not separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. However, o-cresole is separated by gas chromatography. On account of the special preparation of urine samples both methods are very sensitive. The detection limits lie between 0.2 and 1.3 mg/l. 24-h samples of normal urines (n = 30) are analysed (xphenol = 4.6 mg/l; xp-cresol = 45.7 mg/l, respectively 52.6 mg/l). These results are compared with those of a photometric method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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