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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chronische Lösungsmittelbelastung am Arbeitsplatz (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Limit values ; Internal exposure ; External exposure ; MAK value ; Toluene blood level ; Grenzwerte ; innere Belastung ; äußere Belastung ; MAK-Wert ; Toluol-Blutspiegel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Am Beispiel einer Toluolexposition am Arbeitsplatz wird ein Verfahren zur Diskussion gestellt, Grenzwerte für Parameter der inneren Belastung zu evaluieren. Es beruht auf der Berechnung eines quantitativen Zusammenhangs zwischen der inneren und der äußeren Exposition. Ein Grenzwert für den Toluol-Blutspiegel ergäbe sich zu 2,6 mg/l. Das Verfahren sollte sich sinngemäß auf eine Reihe von gefährlichen Arbeitsstoffen anwenden lassen.
    Notizen: Summary A method is proposed to evaluate limit values for parameters of internal exposure, e.g., for the toluene blood level of exposed workers. A relation between internal and external exposure is calculated. A limit value for the toluene blood level is estimated to be 2.6 mg/1. This method of evaluating limit values for biological parameters should be suited for many other hazardous substances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378434
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chronic occupational exposure to organic solvents (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 261-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): 1-Methoxypropan-2-ol ; Internal exposure ; Blood ; Urine ; Half-lives ; Biological tolerance value
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Twenty-two persons (20 men and 2 women) were examined for their external and internal exposure to the glycol ether 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) during the production, leak testing and mounting of brake-hoses. For the measurement of external exposure, personal air monitoring was the method of choice. Average concentrations of PGME of 82.2 mg/m3 (22.3 ppm), 68.6 mg/m3 (18.6 ppm) and 11.3 mg/m3 (3.1 ppm) were found in the air of the brakehose production, leak test and mounting areas, respectively. For the estimation of internal exposure to PGME, this glycol ether was measured in both urine and blood. The biological samples were taken post-shift. The highest internal exposure levels were found in the brakehose production section and in the leak test area. The average post-shift concentrations for PGME in workers in the brakehose production section were 4.6 mg/l in urine and 13.5 mg/l in blood; the corresponding figures for workers in the leak test area were 4.2 mg/l in urine and 11.0 mg/l in blood. In blood and urine samples of workers engaged in the mounting area, PGME levels were below the detection limits. The elimination kinetics of PGME were also studied in three highly exposed persons, and mean excretion half-lives of PGME of approximately 4.4 h were found. On the basis of our results we made a rough calculation of a future biological tolerance value: we would except that concentrations of 38-109 mg per litre of blood and 10–31 mg per litre of urine would correspond to the German MAK value for PGME (375 mg/m3).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378284
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exposure to fluorotrichloromethane (R-11) (1985)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 56 (1985), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): External exposure ; Internal exposure ; Elimination ; Biological monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Three volunteers were exposed to fluorotrichloromethane (R-11) under experimental conditions. Solvent levels in ambient and alveolar air, in blood and urine were measured. The mean concentration of R-11 in ambient air was 657 ml/m3. The average values of pulmonary retention and solvent levels in alveolar air and blood were 18.2%; 537 ml/m3 and 2.8 mg/l. Interindividual variations of these parameters are negligible. R-11 concentrations in urine—in contrast to blood or alveolar air—depend on the dose taken up. After termination of exposure, R-11 concentrations in alveolar air and in blood are excreted with biological half-lives of seven and eleven minutes respectively during the first phase of elimination and with 1.8 and 1.0 h respectively during the second phase of elimination. Though ambient monitoring should, in most cases, be sufficient for the prevention of occupational diseases, the R-11 concentration in alveolar air seems to be the best parameter if biological monitoring seems to be necessary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380702
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