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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 52 (1983), S. 59-67 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): γ-HCH ; Metabolism ; Chlorophenols
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Metabolism of γ-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was studied examining 21 workers producing this insecticide. Using gas chromatography in combination with ECD and mass spectrometry 14 mono-, di-, tri- and tetrachlorophenols were identified in the urine samples of the workers. Seven dihydroxychlorobenzenes of still unknown configuration were detected by mass spectrometry. Ten of the more abundant metabolites, di-, tri- and tetrachlorophenols were determined quantitatively in all urine samples. 2,4,6-; 2,3,5- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol turned out to be the main metabolites of γ-HCH. They were excreted in nearly equal quantities. On account of their potential liver toxicity, the determination of chlorophenols in urine should be part of a biological monitoring program of HCH-exposed persons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 31 (1973), S. 265-276 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Toluene ; Hippuric acid ; Printing-works ; Metabolism ; Organic solvents ; Supervision ; Toluol ; HippursÄure ; Tiefdruckbetrieb ; Metabolismus ; Org. Lösungsmittel ; überwachungsuntersuchung
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An einem beruflich toluolexponierten Kollektiv einer Druckerei (n=94) wurde geprüft, welche Beziehungen zwischen der Toluolkonzentration in der Raumluft, dem Toluolspiegel im Blut und der HippursÄureausscheidung im Harn bestehen. Die Toluolanalysen in der Luft und im Blut erfolgten gaschromatographisch, die HippursÄurebestimmungen spektralphotometrisch. Als obere Normgrenze der Toluolkonzentration im Blut (errechnet aus einem nicht lösungsmittelbelasteten Vergleichskollektiv; n=30) ergab sich 15 Μg Toluol pro 100 ml Blut. Bei den belasteten Probanden fand sich eine enge Beziehung zwischen der Toluolkonzentration im Blut und der in der Raumluft, wÄhrend sich eine AbhÄngigkeit der HippursÄureausscheidung im Harn von der Toluolkonzentration im Blut oder in der Raumluft statistisch nicht sichern lie\. Gleichzeitig durchgeführte Phenolbestimmungen im Harn zeigten dagegen eine hochsignifikante Korrelation mit der HippursÄureausscheidung im Harn bei den toluolbelasteten Probanden auf. Damit mu\ die Eignung von Phenolbestimmungen im Harn zur überwachung Benzolexponierter bei gleichzeitiger Toluolbelastung in Frage gestellt werden. Für die überwachung Toluolexponierter wird neben der HippursÄurebestimmung im Harn eine Toluolanalyse im Blut als Kriterium für die individuelle Belastung empfohlen.
    Notizen: Summary The relationship between the toluene concentrations in blood and the excretion rates of hippuric acid was investigated in 94 printing-workers occupationally exposed to toluene. Toluene in air and in blood was determined by gaschromatographic analysis, the hippuric acid by spectroscopy. In a control group (n=30) the normal upper limit of the toluene concentration in blood was 15 Μg toluene/100 ml blood. In the occupationally exposed group there was a good correlation between the toluene concentrations in air and in blood. But the excretion rates of hippuric acid had no dependence upon the concentrations of toluene in air or in blood. The levels of phenols in the urine were determined in the same workers and were closely correlated with the excretion of hippuric acid. Therefore supervision of workers exposed simultaneously to benzene and toluene by determination of phenols in the urine seems to be of little value. The determination of toluene in blood is recommended for the supervision of workers exposed to toluene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 42 (1979), S. 241-249 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Methanol ; Formic acid ; Metabolism ; Printing ; Health supervision
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study was carried out among 20 workers employed in a printing, office at three different work places (methanol concentration: 85, 101, and 134 ppm) to determine whether the concentration of formic acid in blood or urine and the methanol content of alveolar air permit the estimation of methanol exposure. For this purpose blood, urine, and end expiratory air were collected at the beginning and the end of the shift. For comparison formic acid concentrations were determined in the morning and in the afternoon in blood and urine of 36 and 15 control persons, respectively. The concentration of formic acid in blood increased significantly from 3.2 ± 2.4 mg/l before to 7.9 ± 3.2 mg/l after the shift in the exposed workers (mean increase 4.7 ± 3.8 mg/l). The corresponding concentrations in urine were 13.1 ± 3.9 mg/l and 20.2 ± 7 mg/l, respectively, with a mean increase of 7.1 ± 5.3 mg/l. This difference is also significant. On the contrary, in the control groups there was a small but significant decrease of formic acid concentration in blood from 5.6 ±4.5 mg/l in the morning to 4.9 ± 4.2 mg/l in the afternoon. In urine, the formic acid concentrations in the morning (11.9 ± 6.4 mg/l) and in the afternoon (11.7 ±5.6 mg/l) were not significantly different. The increase of formic acid concentration in blood during the shift is the most useful parameter for monitoring methanol exposed persons. In contrast determinations of methanol concentrations in the ambient air or in the exhaled air are only crude estimates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 33 (1974), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Halogenated hydrocarbons ; Ethanol ; Metabolism ; Disappearance rate ; Animal experiments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 24 Albino-Wistar rats were exposed to dichloromethane-vapours in a concentration of 4200 ppm over a period of 4 hrs after intraperitoneal application of 2.0 g ethanol per kilogram body weight. The disappearance rate of ethanol was measured between the 80th and 240th min after the beginning of the exposure. In comparison to a control group of 24 other rats not exposed to dichloromethane the blood ethanol concentrations turned out to be significantly higher, although an influence of dichloromethane on the ethanol metabolism could not be demonstrated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 43 (1979), S. 63-67 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Toluene ; Benzene ; Cresols ; Phenol ; Urine ; Metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A group of printing workers (n = 34) exposed to toluene was examined according to the concentrations of hippuric acid, phenol, o-cresol, and (m+p)-cresol in urine. The average concentration in the air of the workroom was 23 ppm. It is shown that, besides hippuric acid, small amounts $$(\bar x = 1.1{\text{ }}mg/l)$$ of o-cresol. which is not a normal constituent of urine, were formed from toluene. The occurrence of o-cresol could be proved by mass spectrometry. On account of the small amounts of benzene present in industrially used toluene—in this case 0.025%—the average concentration of phenol in urine of the exposed group was significantly higher statistically $$(\bar x = 7.6 \pm {\text{ 4}}{\text{.3 }}mg/l)$$ than in urine from the controls $$(\bar x = 5.3 \pm {\text{ 2}}{\text{.0 }}mg/l; n = 28)$$ .
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 62 (1990), S. 123-126 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Glycolethers ; Occupational exposure ; Biological monitoring ; Metabolism ; Limit values
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Seventeen persons (2 women and 15 men), who were exposed to glycolethers in a varnish production plant, were examined according to their external and internal solvent exposure. The workers in the production plant (n =12) were exposed to average concentrations of ethoxyethanol, ethoxyethyl acetate, butoxyethanol, 1-methoxypropanol-2, 2-methoxypropyl-1-acetate and xylene of 2.8; 2.7; 1.1; 7.0; 2.8 and 1.7 ppm. In the air of the store (n = 3) and in the laboratory (n = 2) only minor concentrations of xylene respectively xylene and ethoxyethyl acetate could be measured. Internal exposure was estimated by measuring butoxyethanol (BE) in blood as well as ethoxyacetic acid (EAA) and butoxyacetic acid (BAA) in urine samples. Urine samples were taken pre- and post-shift. As expected, the highest values were found in the varnish production. The average post shift concentrations of BE, EAA and BAA were 121.3 μg/l; 167.8 and 10.5 mg/l. The relatively high concentrations of EAA and BAA in pre-shift samples can be explained by the long half-lives of these metabolites. According to our findings most of the glycolethers were taken up through the skin. Comparing our results with those reported in the literature we think that a future tolerable limit value for the concentration of ethoxyacetic acid in urine should be in the order of 100 to 200 mg/l.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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