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Chromium ions inactivate electron transport and enhance superoxide generation in vivo in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad) root mitochondria (2002)

Dixit, V. ; Pandey, V. ; Shyam, R.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3040

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The effect in vivo of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) on the respiratory electron transport activity and production of superoxide (O2–) radicals, was studied in submitochondrial particles (SMPs) prepared from mitochondria isolated from roots of 15-day-old pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Azad) plants exposed to environmentally relevant (20 µm) and acute (200 µm) concentrations of chromium for 7 d. A concentration -dependent inactivation of electron transport activity from both NADH to O2 (NADH oxidase) and succinate to O2 (succinate oxidase) was observed. The electron transport activity was more sensitive to Cr6+ with NADH as the substrate than with succinate as the substrate. Although NADH dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were less affected, NADH: cytochrome c oxidoreductase and succinate: cytochrome c oxidoreductase activities were prominently affected by Cr6+. Cytochrome oxidase was the most susceptible complex of mitochondrial membranes to Cr6+, exhibiting maximal inactivation of activity both at 20 and 200 µm chromium concentrations. Cr6+ increased the generation of O2– radicals. This effect was more evident at 200 than at 20 µm. A significant increase in lipid peroxidation of mitochondrial membranes at 200 µm Cr6+ was the physiological impact of the metal-induced enhanced generation of O2– radicals. An increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 20 µm Cr6+ towards enhanced production of O2– radicals appeared to be a defence response in pea root mitochondria that, however, could not be sustained at 200 µm Cr6+. The results obtained concerning inactivation of mitochondrial electron transport and subsequent enhancement in the generation of O2– radicals suggest that root mitochondria are an important target of Cr6+-induced oxidative stress in pea.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00843.x

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Cultivation ofSpirulina in sewage for poultry feed (1983)

Saxena, P. N. ; Ahmad, M. R. ; Shyam, R. ; [et al.]

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1077-1083

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ISSN: 1420-9071

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary A method for cultivatingSpirulina platensis in domestic raw sewage, coupled with pisciculture and water reclamation in an integrated recycling system, has been standardized. The alga is grown in an indigenously designed open-air pilot production unit consisting of 4 concrete basins with a total surface area of 450 m2. The harvesting and processing methods are based on simple filtration and sun drying. Extensive bench and field experiments have made it possible to produce pure blooms of AfricanSpirulina in sewage, using sodium bicarbonate and nitrate, and employing a fertilizing schedule which replenishes nitrogen withdrawn from the medium by the alga. Although urea and several ammoniacal nitrogen sources have been tried, the best source of protein-inducing nitrogen for mass cultivation ofSpirulina appears to be nitric nitrogen.