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  • 1980-1984  (22)
  • 1984  (22)
  • Chemistry  (21)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (3)
  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling
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  • 1980-1984  (22)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control strategies of continuous bioprocesses based on biological activities (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 916-925 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Based on the material balance principle applied to microbial reactions in continuous bioprocesses, the concept of reaction rate control has been developed theoretically. This concept provides a more direct way of controlling biological activities than the control of physical or chemical parameters in practice today. From an analysis of dynamic and steady-state experiments, two control systems for carbon dioxide production rate control during the continuous culture of baker's yeast have been designed and evaluated experimentally. In these control methods, intracellular NADH concentration is used as an immediate indication of the onset of glucose repression. A more sophisticated master controller based on the respiratory quotient can be combined with these control methods. The resulting control system provides a means to indirectly optimize biomass production while preventing ethanol formation in the continuous culture of baker's yeast.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260816
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prostaglandine und ProstaglandinvorstufenXIII, Mitteilung. XII. Mitteilung siehe [1]. Untersuchungen zur Synthese von 8-MethylprostansäurederivatenTeilergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen wurden in der Dissertation von H.-P. Welzel [2] beschrieben sowie auf dem Symposium “Gewinnung und biologische” Wirksamkeit potentieller Arzneimittel (13.-15. 11. 1978, Magdeburg) vorgestellt [3]. (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 667-675 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. Synthetic Approach to 8-Methyl Prostanoic Acid DerivativesStarting from the chiral key-product 1 the 8-methyl prostanoic acid derivative 13 was prepared within 10 steps. Construction of the α-side chain involves DIBAH-reduction of the lacton moiety of 1 followed by Wittig-olefination with a C5-ylide. C1-Homologation of the oxo group of 1 via cyanhydrin synthesis and Wittig-olefination with a C7-ylide are important steps to form the ß-side chain of compound 13.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface properties determine bioadhesive outcomes: Methods and results (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 18 (1984), S. 337-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This investigation developed experimental evidence for the influence of different surface energy states on tissue incorporation of biomedical materials. Implants of two smooth metals, each with three different surface energy states, were placed in the subdermal fascial plane of the backs of New Zealand White rabbits and were allowed healing times of 10 and 20 days. The implant surfaces were thoroughly characterized by physical-chemical criteria prior to surgical placement and again following removal from the tissue capsules generated by the host animals. Quantitative histopathologic analysis, using standard morphometric criteria, of the adjacent tissues revealed up to a threefold increase of fibroblastic-fibrocytic cells against the initially scrupulously cleaned, high-surface-energy materials. The cells were flattened and active, producing tenacious bonds through a thin pre-adsorbed protein-dominated “conditioning” film, that could be broken only by cohesive failure in the tissue itself. In contrast, the lower-surface-energy materials typical of standard dental implants were “walled off” by a cell-poor, nonadhesive capsule with a fibrous interface separated from a thicker “conditioning” film by a lipid-rich mucus zone. The advantages of proper surface treatment to favor the desired degree of biological adhesion are apparent.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820180404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synproportionierung am metallischen Substrat: CsCu2Cl3 und CsCu2Br3 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: CsCu2Cl3 and CsCu2Br3 by Synproportionation at the Metallic SubstrateCsCu2Cl3 and CsCu2Br3 are obtained as single crystals via a dry route by synproportionation of mixtures of CsX/2 CuX (X = Cl, Br) and CsCuCl3, respectively, with the copper of the surface of a closed copper cylinder as the metallic substrate. Lattice constants of CsCu2Cl3 (CsCu2Br3) are: a = 950.75(9) (987.3(1)), b = 1189.8(2) (1235.5(2)), c = 559.92(6) (581.80(9)) pm, orthorhombic, Cmcm, Z = 4. Details of the Cs—X polyhedra (X = Cl, Br, I) and the double chains of tetrahedra [Cu2X3]- in CsCu2Cl3, CsCu2Br3, and CsCu2I3 are compared.
    Notes: CsCu2Cl3 und CsCu2Br3 wurden auf trockenem Wege durch Synproportionierung von Gemengen CsX/2 CuX (X = Cl, Br) bzw. CsCuCl3 mit der Gefäßwand eines Cu-Bömbchens als metallischem Substrat in Form von Einkristallen erhalten. Es ist für CsCu2Cl3 (CsCu2Br3): a = 950,75(9) (987,3(1)), b = 1189,8(2) (1235,5(2)), c = 559,92(6) (581,80(9)) pm, orthorhombisch, Cmcm, Z = 4. Einzelheiten der Polyeder Cs—X (X = Cl, Br, I) bzw. der Tetraeder-Doppelketten [Cu2X3]-werden für CsCu2Cl3, CsCu2Br3 und CsCu2I3 miteinander verglichen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150814
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cs2BeCl4 und Cs2 YbCl4: Endglieder der homologen Reihe Cs2MCl4 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cs2BeCl4 and Cs2YbCl4: End Members of the Homologous Series Cs2MCl4Cs2BeCl4 belongs to the β-K2SO4 type structure (orthorhombic, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 964.2(4), b = 717.8(3), c = 1246.8(5) pm) and Cs2YbCl4 to the K2NiF4 type (tetragonal, I4/mmm, Z = 2, a = 541.8(2), c = 1727.6(10) pm). They are with the exception of Cs2TmCl4 the end members of minimum and maximum molar volume of the homologous series Cs2MCl4. The application of the “theorem of optimal (preferred) volumes” suggests that the other members of the series also can only belong to one of these two structure types (β-K2SO4 and K2NiF4 type, respectively).
    Notes: Cs2BeCl4 kristallisiert im β-K2SO4-Typ (orthorhombisch, Pnma, Z = 4, a = 964,2(4), b = 717,8(3), c = 1246,8(5) pm), Cs2YbCl4 im K2NiF4-Typ (tetragonal, I4/mmm, Z = 2, a = 541,8(2), c = 1727,6(10) pm). Sie sind die Endglieder minimalen bzw. maximalen molaren Volumens (Ausnahme: Cs2TmCl4) der homologen Reihe Cs2MCl4. Die Anwendung des „Theorems der bevorzugten Volumina“ legt nahe, daß auch die übrigen Mitglieder der Reihe Cs2MCl4 nur einem dieser beiden Strukturtypen (β-K2SO4- bzw. K2NiF4-Typ) angehören können.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150815
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GdLiCl4, ein inverser Chloroscheelit (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 511 (1984), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: GdLiCl4, an inverse ChloroscheeliteVarious synthetic routes (GdCl3 + Li; GdCl3 + LiCl; thermal decomposition of (NH4)2LiGdCl6) lead to the first inverse chloroscheelite GdLiCl4 [tetragonal, I41/a, a = 645.77(7), c = 1316.0(2) pm, Guinier data, route 3] with the shortest c/a ratio (2.037) known so far for scheelites. The crystal structure has been refined from single crystal data (R = 0.073, Rw = 0.040) and is derived from the CaF2 type structure by successive compression (Θ = 54.73° → Θ = 63.60°) and rotation (ϕ = 45° → ϕ = 31.12°) of the [LiCl4] tetrahedron with d(Li—Cl) = 237.7(2) pm. The sucessive steps were followed by calculations of the Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE. A comparison with other known haloscheelites (TlTlCl4, KTlCl4, YbLiF4) is undertaken. The compression angle Θ may be taken as a measure for the distortion of the [LiCl4] tetrahedron (“tetrahedricity”).
    Notes: Verschiedene Wege (GdCl3 + Li; GdCl3 + LiCl; thermischer Abbau von (NH4)2LiGdCl6) führen zu dem ersten inversen Chloroscheeliten GdLiCl4 [tetragonal, I41/a, a = 645,77(7); c = 1316,0(2) pm, Guinier-Daten, Weg 3] mit dem kleinsten bislang für Scheelite bekannten Verhältnis c/a von 2,037. Die Kristallstruktur wurde aus Einkristalldaten verfeinert (R = 0,073; Rw = 0,040) und modellhaft aus der Struktur des CaF2 durch sukzessives Stauchen (Θ = 54,73 → Θ = 63,60°) und Drehen (ϕ = 45° → ϕ = 31,12°) des Tetraeders [LiCl4], d(Li—Cl) = 237,7(2) pm, abgeleitet und die einzelnen Schritte durch Berechnungen des Madelunganteiles der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, verfolgt sowie mit bekannten Halogenscheeliten (TlTlCl4, KTlCl4, YbLiF4) verglichen. Der Stauchungswinkel Θ kann als ein Maß für die Verzerrung des Tetraeders [LiCl4] („Tetraedrizität“) verwendet werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845110420
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ternäre Bromide mit Lithium und Silber: RbLiBr2, CsLiBr2 und CsAgBr2 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 513 (1984), S. 15-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Lithium and Silver Bromides: RbLiBr2, CsLiBr2, and CsAgBr2RbLiBr2, CsLiBr2, and CsAgBr2 are obtained by reactions of the corresponding binary bromides. X-ray powder patterns and a single-crystal study of RbLiBr2 show that the bromides are isotypic with the corresponding chlorides. The (formal) relationship of the crystal structures of RbLiBr2 and CsAgBr2 is described.
    Notes: RbLiBr2, CsLiBr2 und CsAgBr2 erhält man aus den entsprechenden binären Bromiden. Die röntgenographische Untersuchung von Pulverproben und eines Einkristalls von RbLiBr2 belegt die Isotypie zu den jeweils analogen Chloriden. Die (formale) Verwandtschaft der Kristallstrukturen von RbLiBr2 und CsAgBr2 wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845130603
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na3GdCl6: Einkristalle der Tieftemperaturform bei der metallothermischen Reduktion von GdCl3 mit Na (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 517 (1984), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Na3GdCl6: Single Crystals of the Low Temperature Form by Metallothermic Reduction of GdCl3 with NaSingle crystals of Na3GdCl6-I (low-temperature form, transition to form II at 205°C) are obtained by reaction of GdCl3 with Na (tantalum tube, 700°C, 9 d). The crystal structure [a = 700.72(8), c = 1879.1(3) pm, c/a = 2,682, Vm = 160.40(3) cm3 mol-1, trigonal, R3 (No. 148), Z = 3] may be derived from the LiSbF6 type: Na2 ≙ Li Gd ≙ Sb, Cl: ¨AB¨ or h6, with two Na 1 statistically distributed over four “octahedral” in terstices.
    Notes: Bei der Umsetzung von GdCl3 mit Na (Tantalampulle, 700°C, 9d) erhält man Einkristalle von Na3GdCl6-I (Tieftemperaturform, Umwandlung in Form II bei 205°C). Die Kristallstruktur [a = 700,72(8), c = 1879,1(3) pm, c/a = 2,682, Vm = 160,40(3) cm3mol-1, trigonal, R3 (Nr. 148), Z = 3] kann als aufgefüllter LiSbF6-Typ (Na2 ≙ Li, Gd ≙ Sb, Cl: ¨AB¨ bzw. h6) aufgefaßt werden. Zwei Na 1 besetzen statistisch jeweils zur Hälfte vier „Oktaederlücken“.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845171019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Chemie des Phosphors. 144. Synthese und Eigenschaften des Hexaphospha-3-germaspiro[2.4]heptans (t-BuP)2Ge(t-BuP)4Professor Gerhard Fritz zum 65. Geburtstage am 14. Dezember 1984 gewidmet (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 519 (1984), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Chemistry of Phosphorus. 144. Synthesis and Properties of the Hexaphospha-3-germaspiro[2.4]heptane (t-BuP)2Ge(t-BuP)4The cyclocondensation of K(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)K with germanium tetrachloride in the molar ratio of 2:1 yields the novel spirocyclic compound 1,2,4,5,6,7-hexa-tert-butyl-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexaphospha-3-germaspiro[2.4]heptane, (t-BuP)2Ge(t-BuP)4 (1). Besides considerable amounts of (t-BuP)4 are formed and occasionally some (t-BuP)3 can be found. 1 could be isolated in the pure state and has been NMR-spectroscopically characterized as a spirocyclic compound with a P2GeP4 skeleton.
    Notes: Bei der Cyclokondensation von K(t-Bu)P—P(t-Bu)K mit Germaniumtetrachlorid im Molverhältnis 2:1 wird die neue Spiroverbindung 1,2,4,5,6,7-Hexa-tert-butyl-1,2,4,5,6,7-hexaphospha-3-germaspiro[2.4]heptan, (t-BuP)2Ge(t-BuP)4 (1), gebildet. Daneben entstehen beträchtliche Mengen an (t-BuP)4 sowie gelegentlich etwas (t-BuP)3. Verbindung 1 konnte in reiner Form isoliert und kernresonanzspektroskopisch als Spirocyclus mit P2GeP4-Ringgerüst charkterisiert werden.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845191203
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Übergangsmetallkomplexe instabiler Ylide, II1). Koordinationschemische Stabilisierung von phosphino- und arsinomethylsubstituierten Phosphonium- bzw. Arsoniummethyliden an Tetracarbonylchrom (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 732-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Transition Metal Complexes of Instable Ylides, II1). Stabilization of Phosphino- and Arsinomethyl-substituted Phosphonium- and Arsonium Ylides by Coordination to TetracarbonylchromiumThe sulfur ylide complexes (CO)5Cr[CH2S(O)Me2] (1) and (CO)4Cr[CH2S(O)Me2]2 (7) react with symmetrically substituted ditertiary phosphanes or arsanes such as 5 to yield five-membered metallacycles (6), in which the ylides CH2 = ER21 - ER21 - CR22 - ER21 (E = P, As) are incorporated as chelate ligands. The free ylidic ligands are not stable. The structures of 6 are elucidated by means of IR, 1H and 31P. NMR spectroscopy as well as by an X-ray structure analysis of 6f.
    Notes: Die Schwefelylidkomplexe (CO)5Cr[CH2S(O)Me2] (1) und (CO)4Cr[CH2S(O)Me2]2 (7) reagieren mit den symmetrischen ditertiären Phosphanen und Arsanen 5 zu den fünfgliedrigen Metallacylen 6, welche die im freien Zustand nicht beständigen Ylide H2C = ER21 - CR22 - ER21 (E = P, As) als Chelatliganden tragen. Die Strukturen von 6 werden durch IR-, 1H- und 31P-NMR-Spektren sowie durch die Röntgenstrukturanalyse des Arsenylidkomplexes 6f ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19841170226
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