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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 2111-2113 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By inducing an electrical discharge in an annular gas plenum connected to a vacuum diode by a narrow annular slit, we demonstrate that microgram preionized plasma liners can be formed and imploded by a dc charged Blumlein pulser to efficiently convert electrical energy into soft x rays. The submillimeter x-ray source can in principle be scaled to the high repetition rate needed for x-ray lithography. In a proof of principle experiment, we have observed using krypton up to 0.5, 20, and 100 J of x-ray output above 1.5 keV, 500 eV, and 150 eV photon energies, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 1207-1211 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analytic model for the control of the barrier height of a triangular-barrier diode (TBD) is proposed. It is shown that an extra (p- or n-type) doping given to the two intrinsic layers of a TBD changes its barrier height over a wide range (over all 40%). A simple closed-form expression is derived to give the dependence of barrier height on the extra dopings. It is seen that the ideality of the diode is not affected in spite of a wide range of changes obtained in the barrier height. Furthermore, the differential resistance of the device is shown to exponentially decrease with the extra n-type doping given to the structure. Such a strong dependence leads to an improvement in the forward-bias cut-off frequency of the device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 27 (1988), S. 236-243 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: cholesterol feeding ; spermatogenesis ; Leydig's cell ; VLDL/LDL-cholesterol ; Cholesterinfütterung ; Spermatogenese ; Leydig-Zellen ; VLDL/HDL-Cholesterin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Cholesterinfütterung über 120 Tage beeinträchtigt bei männlichen Ratten und Kaninchen die Testikularfunktion. Die Produktion von sekundären Spermatozyten wird bei Ratten und Kaninchen um 26,1 % bzw. 46,9 % reduziert. Ferner kommt es zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Spermatid-Population, der Samenkanälchen und der Dimension der Zellkerne der Leydig-Zellen. Im Aortenendothel finden sich bei der Ratte einige Alterationen, beim Kaninchen dagegen voll ausgeprägte atherosklerotische Plaques. Gesamtcholesterin, Triglyceride und Phospholipide in den Testes nehmen zu, während der Gehalt an Glykogen in den Testes abnimmt. Die Cholesterinkonzentrationen im Serum sind bei Ratten dreifach, bei Kaninchen siebenfach erhöht, wobei LDL-Cholesterin ansteigt, der Quotient HDL-Cholesterin/Gesamtcholesterin dagegen signifikant abfällt. Als Schlußfolgerung ergibt sich, daß Hypercholesterinämie neben dem Aortenepithelium auch die Hodenfunktion beeinträchtigt.
    Notes: Summary Cholesterol fed to male rats and rabbits for 120 days impaired testicular function. The production of secondary spermatocytes in rats and rabbits was reduced by 26.1% and 46.9%, respectively. There was significant reduction in spermatid cell population, seminiferous tubules, and Leydig's cell nuclear dimensions. In rats aortic endothelium showed some alterations while in rabbits full-blown atherosclerotic plaque containing a necrotic core and a proliferative fibrous cap was found. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids of the testes were increased whereas, testicular glycogen was significantly reduced. Three- and sevenfold increases were noticed in the serum cholesterol levels of rats and rabbits. The LDL cholesterol values were increased while the HDL cholesterol/Total cholesterol ratio was significantly decreased (P〈0.001). It is concluded that hypercholesteromia affects the testicular function and aortic endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 18 (1988), S. 6-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following bacterial meningitis thirty cases of enlarging head were evaluated on ultrasound to find out the cause. Nine out of 30 patients had multiple cystic lesions in both cerebral hemispheres with or without ventriculomegaly. Three patients showed debris in the cysts suggesting pus, which was confirmed on ultrasound-guided aspiration in two and on surgery in one case. Seven out of nine patients had died at the time of writing this communication, suggesting the need for its early detection and timely family counselling. It is stressed that multiple cystic encephalomalacia has a characteristic appearance on ultrasound and all patients with meningitis should be screened routinely so as to detect it at an early stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 41 (1988), S. 664-669 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: potential-dependent dye ; oxonol dye ; membrane ; lipid bilayer ; dye binding ; mechanism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary We have measured the potential-dependent light absorption changes of 43 impermeant oxonol dyes with an oxidized cholesterol bilayer lipid membrane system. The size of the signal is strongly dependent on the chain length of alkyl groups attached to the chromophore. Dye molecules with intermediate chain lengths give the largest signals. To better understand the dependence of the absorbance signal on alkyl chain length, a simple equilibrium thermodynamic analysis has been derived. The analysis uses the free energy of dye binding to the membrane and the “on-off” model (E.B. George et al.,J. Membrane Biol.,103:245–253, 1988a) for the potential-sensing mechanism. In this model, a population of dye molecules in nonpolar membrane binding sites is in a potential-dependent equilibrium with a second population of dye that resides in an unstirred layer adjacent to the membrane. Dye in the unstirred layer is in a separate equilibrium with dye in the bulk bathing solution. The equilibrium binding theory predicts a “sigmoidally shaped” increase in signal with increasing alkyl chain length, even for very nonpolar dyes. We suggest that aggregation of the more hydrophobic dyes in the membrane bathing solution may be responsible for their low signals, which are not predicted by the theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Tropical animal health and production 20 (1988), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des agneaux traceurs ont été utilisés pour étudier la contamination des pâturages par des stages infestants d'helminthes parasites pendant un cycle annuel dans un climat sub-tropical. A l'autopsie, le comptage des vers indique qu'une infestation légère parHaemonchus contortus se produit tout au long de l'année sauf en juin. Toutefois vingt-cinqH. contortus par agneau, ou même plus, ont été rencontrés en janvier, avril, mai et août. L'infestation parTrichostrongylus colubriformis a été observée toute l'année; 150 vers, ou plus, par agneau ont été notés de janvier à mai et en août. On rencontre des anoplocéphalides toute l'année, sans pic saisonnier. De faibles infestations parOesophagostomum columbianum etTrichures ovis ont été observées. Le comptage des oeufs dans les fécès du troupeau permanent avec lequel les agneaux traceurs étaient mis au paturage a révélé une infestation vermineuse sévère à faible pendant toute l'année. La coproculture indique qu'H. contortus prédomine de la seconde quinzaine de mai jusqu'en décembre, à l'exception de la deuxième quinzaine de juillet. L'infestation parT. colubriformis est la plus sévère de janvier à la première quinzaine de mai et lors de la deuxième semaine de juillet. On a observé des infestions négligeables parO. columbianum, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Gaigeria pachyscelis etDictyocaulus filaria. Des biothermographes préparés pourH.c etT.c ont montré des différences entre les résultats observés et attendus. Il est suggéré que pour avoir des biothermographes réalistes, on devrait prendre en compte d'autres paramètres, en plus de la pluviosité et de la température.
    Abstract: Resumen Se utilizaron ovejas rastreadoras, para estudiar la contaminación de los pastos por helmintos, durante un año en un clima subtropical. Los conteos post-mortem fueron indicativos, de que la infección conHaemonchus contortus ocurrió durante todo el año, excepto en junio. Sin embargo, se encontraron veinticinco o másH. contorus por cordero en enero, abril, mayo y agosto. La infección conTrichostrongylus colubriformis se detectó a lo largo del año y se encontraron 150 ó más parasitos por cordero de enero a mayo y en agosto. Se encontraron tenias a lo largo del año sin que mostraran un patrón estacional. Se observaron también, infecciones bajas conOesophagostomum columbianum yTrichuris ovis. El conteo de huevos del rebaño permanente con el cual estaban pastoreando los rastreadores, reveló cargas parasitarias altas y bajas a lo largo del año. Los coprocultivos indicaron, que elH. contortus predominó desde la mitad de mayo hasta diciembre excepto en la segunda quincena de julio. Las infecciones conT. colubriformis fueron más severas de enero a la primera mitad de mayo y en la segunda quincena de julio. Se observaron infecciones ligeras enO. columbianum, Bunostomun trigonocephalum, Gaigeria pachyscelis yDictyocaulus filaria. Los biohitergráficos preparados paraH. contortus yT. colubriformis mostraron diferencias entre lo observado y lo esperado. Se sugiere entonces, que se consideren otros parámetros adicionalmente a la precipitación pluvial y temperatura, para interpretar mejor los biohitergráficos.
    Notes: Summary Tracer lambs were used to study the pasture contamination with infective stages of helminth parasites during one annual cycle in a subtropical climate. Post-mortem worm counts indicated that low infections withHaemonchus contortus occurred throughout the year except in June. However, twenty five or moreH. contortus per lamb were recorded in January, April, May and August.Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection was detected throughout the year and 150 or more worms per lamb were recorded during January to May and in August. Anoplocephalids were recorded from the lambs throughout the year but had no seasonal pattern. Low infections withOesophagostomum columbianum andTrichuris ovis were observed. The faecal egg counts from the permanent flock with whom the tracer lambs were grazed revealed heavy to mild worm burdens throughout the year. Coproculture indicated thatH. contortus predominated from the second fortnight of May to December except in the second fortnight of July. Infection withT. colubriformis was more severe from January to the first fortnight of May and in the second fortnight of July. Negligible infections withO. columbianum, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Gaigeria pachyscelis andDictyocaulus filaria were also observed. Biohythergraphs prepared forH. contortus andT. colubriformis showed differences between observed and expected results. It is suggested that for realistic biohythergraphs related parameters in addition to rainfall and temperature should also be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 28 (1988), S. 453-459 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An investigation was undertaken to study the extrusion behavior of composite systems. A compound made up of approximately 50 percent ceramic particulates by volume dispersed in a high molecular weight thermoplastic polymer was characterized by measuring the shear viscosity on an Instron capillary viscometer. The experimental data indicated that the ceramic composite exhibited an apparent yield stress. As a result, an expression that was previously shown to provide flexibility for describing a yield stress at low rates of deformation could explain the viscosity of the ceramic composite. The expression was then applied to the flow analysis of both a “rod” and a “slit” die in an extrusion process, and the derived equations adequately correlated experimental volumetric flow rate us. Pressure drop data obtained on a laboratory extruder.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 1459-1472 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of polymer morphology on the dielectric breakdown of isotactic polypropylene was investigated under the influence of a ramped ac voltage. Samples were prepared by melt-pressing polypropylene beads into plaques and subsequently quenching or isothermally cyrstallizing these plaques. Some of the quenched samples were annealed at different temperatures to induce further crystallinity. The plaques were then characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, density measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry. The 60 Hz, ac breakdown voltages of the samples were determined at 7°C, 23°C, and 45°C in a specially designed test cell. There was a lack of any significant effect on the ac breakdown strength of isotactic polypropylene of either the overall crystallinity or the crystallite thickness. This result can be understood in light of previous studies relating the electrical breakdown of polymers to morphology. It is postulated that the degree of crystallinity would influence the breakdown characteristics only when the amorphous regions constitute a small fraction of the total volume, that is, at very high crystallinity values - values beyond the range of the present study.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geotechnical and geological engineering 6 (1988), S. 15-26 
    ISSN: 1573-1529
    Keywords: Rock blasting ; ground vibrations from blasting ; air pressure from blasting ; buried explosions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Summary Three sets of different formulae expressed as functions of dynamic elastic constants of rock and some design parameters involved in a buried explosion are derived explicitly for the prediction of peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak air pressure (PAP). Separate equations are derived to estimate PPV and PAP for inside, outside, and at the boundary of the crater zone. The equations incorporate the physical parameters including (i) longitudinal wave velocity, (ii) shear wave velocity, (iii) density of rock, (iv) characteristic impedance of air, (v) detonation pressure of explosive, (vi) depth of hole, (vii) radius of hole, (viii) distance of the measuring transducer. Suggested equations are tested for a few hard and medium-hard rocks. Characteristic features and important conclusions are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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