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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shubnikov–de Haas measurements on n- and p-type HgTe-CdTe superlattices (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 303-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Oscillatory magnetoresistance (Shubnikov–de Haas) measurements have been used to determine free-carrier effective masses in HgTe-CdTe superlattices. Measurements on an n-type superlattice yield an electron mass that is in excellent agreement with theoretical results from a tight-binding band-structure calculation. The p-type data are more complex, showing evidence for a light-hole mass at low magnetic fields and a much heavier mass at fields above 2.0 T. This finding is also in agreement with the predictions of band-structure theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343873
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of (3/2)ω0 emission from an underdense CO2-laser-irradiated plasma (1989)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 1 (1989), S. 650-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The angular and spectral distribution of (3/2)ω0 light emitted from a CO2-laser-irradiated underdense plasma has been measured. The results are interpreted with the help of Thomson scattering measurements of two-plasmon decay plasma wave k spectra and theoretical predictions based on the process in which pump photons are scattered off two-plasmon decay plasmons. If pump, (3/2)ω0-photon, and decay plasmon satisfy their wave vector matching condition, then the spectra provide good temperature diagnostics. Spectra of light scattered off plasmons having propagated up or down the density gradient are severely broadened.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859125
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recombinant Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) Fixed to Cell Monolayers Retains Its Cytotoxic and Growth-Stimulatory Activity (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant human tumour necrosis factor (rTNF) retained its cytotoxic activity after being fixed with paraformaldehyde to adherent cell monolayers. The cytotoxicity appeared to be mainly due to fixed rTNF and not to any free soluble rTNF that could have leaked out from the lived rTNF cell preparations. The fixed rTNF cell preparations also stimulated the growth of human diploid fibroblasts, under conditions where little growth-Stimulatory activity was found in suspension. These results indicate that TNF may exert its effect on target cells without internalization, perhaps through a receptor-mediated process that may alter the levels of a second messenger within the target cells. This signal transduction does not appear to involve cAMP or cGMP, since we were unable to detect significant changes in the levels of these two second messengers in TNF-exposed WEHI 164 clone 13 cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01099.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Geomagnetic Spectrum For 1980 and Core-Crustal Separation (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 97 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The spectrum of a high degree spherical harmonic model of the geomagnetic field is analysed to compute the constants for the core and crustal field contributions. Using a noise estimate of 0.091 nT2 at the mean Magsat radius of 6791 km, the power reduced to the Earth's surface is found to be 9.66 times 108 (0.286)n nT2 for the core, and 19.1 (0.996)n nT2 for the crust. These values show half the crustal power extrapolated to n = 0 compared with a previously published n = 23 model, and a white noise depth of only 14km below the mean surface. the core spectrum power is 30 per cent less than previously estimated and becomes flat 80 km below the core-mantle boundary. the crustal power level is an eighth of that of an estimate based on one-dimensional analyses of Project MAGNET survey lines. the point where the energy density of the core and crustal components become equal at the Earth's surface is n = 14.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb00514.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modelling the Earth's Geomagnetic Field to High Degree and Order (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 97 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We present a method for modelling the Earth's magnetic field to very high degree and order in terms of spherical harmonics. the method exploits the orthogonality of the spherical functions, using, in part, the method of Gauss-Legendre quadrature. This method is compared to a simpler quadrature method (Newton-Cotes). We show that the Gauss-Legendre technique is more accurate in most cases than Newton-Cotes quadrature, and in all cases, even where the two give about the same results, that the Gauss-Legendre method is more efficient in that it requires less data and hence less computation. the two quadrature methods are applied to sets of radial field data computed from an n= 29 model which simulate Magsat observations. the results are that direct integration of a complete global coverage of observations using Newton-Cotes produces errors in the spatial spectrum comparable to that of the geomagnetic field at n= 9, whereas Gauss-Legendre gives exact recovery. When 7° of polar region data are removed to simulate the Magsat orbit, both methods fail, although Gauss-Legendre gives somewhat less noisy results. However, when the analysis is performed on residuals to a field truncated at n= 15, both methods give comparable levels of noise. Simple interpolation of data over the pole is seen to reduce the errors significantly beyond n= 50. Addition of synthetic noise is seen to provide a means of evaluating the accuracy of coefficients derived from actual data. A theoretical relation is derived relating this noise and the altitude of observation to the resulting errors in the spatial spectrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb00512.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of two Picea abies (L.) Karst. stands at different stages of decline (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 571-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency jet ventilation during oleic-acid induced pulmonary oedema (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 105-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Oleic acid-induced pulmonary oedema ; High-frequency jet ventilation ; Continuous positive pressure ventilation ; Gas exchange ; Closing volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In oleci acid-induced pulmonary oedema (OAPO) sequential intrapulmonary fluid accumulation occurs leading to different expiratory flow pattern in dependent lung regions. The potential effects on efficacy of high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV, f=3 Hz, I: E=0.43, FiO2=0.4) were studied and compared with continous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV, f=12–18/min, I:E=0.5, TV=12 ml/kg, PEEP=0.5 kPa, FiO2=0.4) in a dog model of OAPO. In the control state (lung-healthy dogs), 15 min afteroleic acid lung injury (interstitial oedema, period I) and 60 min after onset of OAPO (alveolar oedema, period II), gas exchange, lung volumes, compliance, resistance and haemodynamics were measured. The course of lung oedema was determined indirectly by means of washout curvesof helium (foreign gas bolus-test, FGB) and nitrogen (single breath-test for oxygen, SBO2). During control, there were no significant differences between the HFJV-group (n=7) and the CPPV-group(n=6) by virtue of gas exchange, lung volumes and haemodynamics. During period I, PaO2 decreased signiicantly both with HFJV (p〈0.01) and CPPV (p〈0.05), being lower in the HFJV-group (p〈0.05). PaCO2, pulmonary and haemodynamic parameters were unchanged. Onset of phase IV of the alveolar plateau (closing volume CV) occurred significantly earlier (p〈0.05) in all animals. Impaired ventilation of dependent lung regions, increased maldistribution of intrapulmonary gas and VA/Q-mismatching may be the underlying mechanisms for lower efficacy of HFJV during interstitial lung oedema. In period II, pulmonary and cardiocirculatory parameters had changed significantly in both groups. CV had decreased, indicating a biphasic behavior of washout curves, which is due to changes of regional FRC, resistance and compliance after onset of alveolar flooding. Oxygenation was significantly more impaired in the HFJV-group (p〈0.05). CPPV is superior to HFJV in maintaining sufficient gas exchange both during interstitial and alveolar oedema in dogs with oleic acid-induced lung injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295986
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single breath N2 washout in papain-induced pulmonary emphysema (1989)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 15 (1989), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pulmonary emphysema ; Papain ; Single-breath test for oxygen ; Nitrogen washout ; Closing volume
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single breath nitrogen washout tests were analyzed in dogs (n=8) with healthy lungs and after development of emphysema. The animals were in the supine position and studied during anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation (FiO2=0.4, FiN2=0.6). During controlled expiration with constant flow (VE=0.15 1/s) onset of phase IV of the alveolar plateau was related to airway closure of dependent lung regions (closing volume CV). In the control state, CV accounted for 6.2±1.5% VC, and closing capacity (CC) was lower than functional residual capacity (FRC). Likewise, gas exchange was normal in all animals (PaO2=24.7±3.32 kPa, PaCO2=5.18±0.53 kPa, PA-aO2=2.6±0.3 kPa). Panlobular emphysema (PLE) was induced by inhalation of papain (100 mg/kg). After three weeks development of PLE was documented by messurements of lung volumes (functional residual capacity (FRC), expired vital capacity (EVC), total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV)), pulmonary mechanics (dynamic and static compliance (Cdyn, Cstat), mean airway resistance (Raw)), gas exchange (PaO2, PaCO2, PA-aO2), and by radiomorphological analysis. In the PLE-group, FRC and RV (p≤0.05), and Cstat (p≤0.01) were significantly elevated. CV increased to 16.2±2.7% VC (p≤0.01) and CC exceeded FRC by 80 ml, indicating that tidal volume breathing took place within the range of closing volume. Oxygenation was significantly impaired (PaO2=18.6±3.72 kPa, PA-aO2-6.5±1.1 kPa, p≤0.05), but not CO2-elimination. Pathological analysis by radiomorphological means showed dissiminate parenchymal lesions compatible with emphysema of grade II severity located predominantly in subpleural areas. In dogs with papain-induced PLE, premature closure of dependent airways is enhanced, which is due to structural changes and a loss of elastic recoil in the lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263866
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Step semantics for “true” concurrency with recursion (1989)
    Springer
    Distributed computing 3 (1989), S. 130-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0452
    Keywords: Denotational semantics ; True concurrency ; Smyth powerdomain of streams
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a variety of denotational linear time semantics for a language with recursion and “true” concurrency in a form of synchronous co-operation, which in the literature is known as step semantics. We show that this can be done by a generalization of known results for interleaving semantics. A general method is presented to define semantical operators and denotational semantics in the Smyth powerdomain of streams. With this method, first a naive and then more sophisticated semantics for synchronous co-operation are developed, which include such features as interleaving and synchronization. Then we refine the semantics to deal with a bounded number of processors, subatomic actions, maximal parallelism and a real-time operator. Finally, it is indicated how to apply these ideas to branching-time models, where it becomes possible to analyze deadlock behaviour as well as a form of “true” concurrency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01784023
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TheK S 0 K S 0 final state in γγ interactions (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 43 (1989), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the reaction γγ→K S 0 K S 0 resonance production of thef 2 − is observed. For the radiative with $$\Gamma _{\gamma \gamma } .B(f'_2 \to K\bar K) = 0.11_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03} \pm 0.02keV$$ is found. The small number of events in thef 2,a 2 mass region is consistent with the assumption of destructivef 2−a 2 interference. From the mass distribution we determine the relative phases between the tensor mesons. Upper limits on the radiative widths of the glueball candidatesf 2(1720) andX (2220) are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02430613
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