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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1930-1934
  • 1990  (8)
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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1930-1934
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromechanical fracture strength of silicon (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5840-5844 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to test the statistical influence of some process and micromachining parameters on the fracture strength of silicon microelements, arrays of identical microsized cantilever beams were bulk micromachined in single-crystalline silicon wafers. The beams were exposed to various surface treatments (diamond polishing with different grades, oxidization, stripping of oxide) in different combinations. The influence on fracture strength was investigated by bending the beams to fracture in a micromanipulator mounted in situ in a scanning electron microscope while registering force-versus-deflection curves. Average fracture strengths, standard deviations, Weibull moduli, crack-initiating flaw sizes, and in some cases elastic moduli were evaluated. Diamond polishing was found to decrease the fracture strength drastically, but polishing followed by oxidization not only restored the original strength, but actually increased it, due to crack healing. Polishing, oxidization, and subsequent stripping of oxide resulted in fracture strengths slightly higher than the original strength. The Weibull modulus was diminished from 10 to 6–9 by the polishing. The initiating flaw sizes were theoretically evaluated, and found to agree with previous results of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy studies of polished silicon surfaces. The elastic moduli determined were significantly lower (30%–40%) than the corresponding module of pure, single-crystalline silicon, probably due to high dopant contents in the specimens investigated here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346957
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High preorganization of large lipophilic surfaces common to two complexing partners provides high binding free energies that vary dramatically with changes in organic solvent composition (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 112 (1990), S. 1255-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00159a061
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of IGF-I in the rat kidney; an immunocytochemical study (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 94 (1990), S. 263-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have shown recently by light microscopy that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity is localized in cells in the collecting ducts and in the thin loop of Henle in the normal rat kidney. In the present study, we have investigated the ultrastructural localisation of IGF-I using preembedding immunocytochemistry. The light microscopical findings were confirmed at the electronmicroscopical level. In collecting ducts as well as in the thin limb of Henle's loop a focal expression of IGF-I immunoreactivity was evident, i.e. distinctly IGF-I positive cells were intermingled with cells lacking IGF-I immunoreactivity. IGF-I immunoreactivity was found to have a diffuse cytoplasmatic distribution in both cell types. No specific association to organelles was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266626
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction between the clonal herb Trientalis europaea and the host specific smut fungus Urocystis trientalis (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 85 (1990), S. 238-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Trientalis europaea ; Clonal plant ; Mortality, Urocystis trientalis ; Smut fungus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The interaction between the clonal dicotyledonous herb Trientalis europaea and the systemic smut fungus Urocystis trientalis was investigated. By marking individual plants in the field and transplanting plants to the greenhouse, disease transmission and the effect of disease on survival and fecundity of plants were estimated. Field data showed that 50% of the diseased and none of the healthy plants died during summer. Surviving diseased plants produced significantly fewer winter buds than healthy plants (means ±S.E. 1.12±0.05 and 1.88±0.07, respectively). Seed capsule production was low overall and did not differ between diseased and healthy plants. Disease was not seed-transmitted and transmission from infected mother plants to daughter ramets was not total (means 33% and 46%, in two experiments). Disease transmission was also influenced by light conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319407
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phencyclidine-induced disruption of an aversely motivated two-choice successive discrimination in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Avoidance ; PCP ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to performed an aversely motivated discriminative task in a shuttle-box. The administration of phencyclidine (PCP), 2 mg kg−1 SC at −20 min, produced disruption of discriminative performance and an increase in intertrial crosses. There were no changes in avoidance performance or in avoidance latency. Pretreatment with haloperidol, 0.1 or 0.2 mg kg−1 SC at −40 min, or remoxipride 8 mg kg−1 IP at −30 min, did not antagonize the PCP-induced disruption of discriminative performance, nor was the PCP-induced increase in number of intertrial crosses antagonized. In fact, there appeared to be a further increase in intertrial crosses, above PCP levels, by haloperidol treatment and this effect was statistically significant after remoxipride treatment. The present results, together with previous observations that alsod-amphetamine disrupts discriminative conditioned avoidance behavior, suggest the possibility that this model could be used in the search for new, non-dopaminergic, antipsychotic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245918
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editor's note (1990)
    Springer
    Studies in philosophy and education 10 (1990), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-191X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367682
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference in tissue response to nitrogen-ion-implanted titanium and c.p. titanium in the abdominal wall of the rat (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 847-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ion implantation modifies the surface properties of different materials. We have compared the biological properties of titanium implanted with nitrogen with those of pure titanium. Implants were inserted in the abdominal wall of rats. The implants with surrounding tissue were excised after 1 and 6 weeks, and embedded in epoxy resin. The bulk metal was removed electrochemically and the tissue cut for light and electron microscopy. Using this technique the implant surface, formed by a thin oxide layer, remains and appears in sections as a dense line. After 1 week both types of implants were surrounded by a fluid space containing proteins and scattered macrophages but few polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The fluid space was wider around ionimplanted titanium (52 ± 22 μm) than around pure titanium implants (15 ± 3 μm). After 6 weeks the fluid space had largely disappeared around both type of implants. Around pure titanium implants macrophages and fibroblasts, quantified in 1-μm-thick sections in the light microscope, were present in about the same concentration in the inner tissue zone (within 25 μm from the implant surface). Around ion-implanted titanium macrophages predominated in the inner zone and multinuclear giant cells were present in almost all sections. Around both type of implants fibroblasts increased and macrophages decreased with increasing distance from the surface. In the electron microscope macrophages close to the surface of pure titanium were of small size and had an ultrastructure indicating a low activity. Macrophages close to ion-implanted titanium were large and had an active appearance as indicated by the presence of large amounts of endoplasmic reticulum and large Golgi areas in the cytoplasm. Our observations indicate that modification of the surface properties of titanium implants by ion implantation changes the biological properties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240705
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface preparation and spectroscopic analysis of titanium implant materials (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 567-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401601119
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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