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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixture distributions fitted to instrument counts (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 1347-1352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A technique for fitting mixture distributions to discrete and continuous instrument count data is presented. The use of the EM algorithm for performing maximum likelihood estimation is introduced and advantages over other methods are discussed. Equations are presented for fitting mixtures of Poisson distributions and mixtures of normal distributions. Examples of the fitting of these two types of mixture distribution are given, and it is shown how standard errors of the parameter estimates can be obtained from within the framework of the fitting process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142497
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of responses to floret and seedling inoculation in wheat- Ustilago tritici and barley- U. nuda combinations (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The floret and seedling methods for inoculating wheat and barley with Ustilago tritici and U. nuda, respectively, were optimized and then compared. Floret inoculation gave higher infection levels than did seedling inoculation, especially for wheat, but problems of plant mortality and standardization of tissue age were greater with the former method. Floret inoculation identified wheat and barley varieties exhibiting embryo resistance (class 1 or 2 resistance) or seedling resistance (class 3), but only class 3 wheat and barley varieties (and one class 2 wheat variety) were resistant to seedling inoculation. Using near-isogenic wheat lines expressing different levels of partial resistance to floret inoculation, positive correlations were obtained between percentage infection levels resulting from the two inoculation protocols. In addition, race-specific host-pathogen interactions such as hypersensitivity and partial smutting were expressed following both floret and seedling inoculation, indicating that these interactions operate in the developing plant. The potential value of the seedling inoculation method in fundamental and applied research into the cereal-loose smut interaction is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02376.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virulent and fungicide-tolerant races of loose smut (Ustilago nuda and U. tritici) in Ireland (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 40 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Following the severe outbreaks of loose smut in the early 1980s, a survey was carried out over the period l984-86of the Ustilago nuda and U. tritici populations in the Republic of Ireland. U. tritici was very rare, only one infected wheat plant being reported in the 3 years of the survey. This fungus was represented by a virulent race distinct from those identified in Britain in the 1950s. U. nuda was widespread, and two races were identified in 1984. A virulent race, capable of overcoming the recessive resistance gene present in differential variety Missouri Early Beardless, was isolated from a single crop grown from imported seed. Several crops grown from seed treated with Vitavax (active ingredient carboxin), which had been imported from France, contained a carboxin-tolerant race of U. nuda. Subsequent surveys in 1985 and 1986 failed to recover these U. nuda races. The role of imported infected seed in the introduction of new races of the loose smut fungi is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1991.tb02413.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental contamination during tracheal suction (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extent of airborne environmental bacterial contamination which occurs following tracheal suction has been investigated in patients undergoing intermittent positive pressure ventilation in the intensive therapy unit. Two methods of performing suction, one using a conventional open technique and one using a closed system (Stericath), have been compared. Significantly lower levels of environmental contamination were observed when the closed system was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09858.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole and Helicobacter Pylori: temporary suppression rather than true eradication (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-four Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive patients were treated for 28 days with either 20 mg omeprazole o.m. (n= 12) or 40 mg omeprazole o.m. (n= 12). Clearance (absence of H. pylori at the end of or shortly after treatment) and eradication (absence of H. pylori 1 month after cessation of treatment) were assessed using the 14C-urea breath test. Observed clearance and eradication were: 20 mg omeprazole 3/12 and 0/12; 40 mg omeprazole 6/12 and 1/12 respectively. The effect on H. pylori is probably due to the change in gastric pH from acid to neutral, however it is insufficient to recommend the inclusion of omeprazole in regimens aimed at eradicating H. pylori.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00032.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetracarbonyl(norbornadiene)chromium(0) at 178 K (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 1087-1088 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270190012161
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic aspects of bladder cancer progression (1991)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 9 (1991), S. 69-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neoplasia is the result of cumulative genetic damage. Cytogenetic analysis identifies abnormalities of chromosome number and structure. Abnormal mode, wide variation in chromosome number, and aneuploidy are associated with loss of differentiation and advanced stage in bladder cancer. Marker chromosomes have been associated with increased risk of recurrence and progression of superficial, low-grade tumors. With the use of banding techniques, aberrations can be assigned to specific chromosomes and significant nonrandom abnormalities have been identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 17. With the use of molecular biology techniques, allelic deletions, proto-oncogene activation, and mutations can be detected and correlated to the pathophysiologic events that determine the biologic behavior of a particular tumor. Allelic deletions of chromosome 9q are independent of stage and grade and suggest that loss of a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 9q may be an important primary event in the genesis of bladder cancer. Deletions of chromosomes 11p and 17p, evident only in high-grade tumors, may be important in bladder cancer progression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184036
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Triethylammonium 3,3,6,6-tetrathioxocyclodi(phosphadithianate) at 178 K (1991)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 47 (1991), S. 686-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270190009416
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yearly maps of summer temperatures in Western Europe from A.D. 1750 to 1975 and Western North America from 1600 to 1982: (1991)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 92 (1991), S. 5-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Dendroclimatology ; Maximum density ; Temperature reconstructions ; Europe ; North America ; Anomaly maps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The primary purpose of this publication is to make available two series of historical maps showing ‘summer’ (April–September mean) temperatures over western Europe from A.D. 1750 and western North America from A.D. 1600. These maps have been reconstructed using networks of temperature-sensitive tree-ring chronologies as part of a continuing collaboration between the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (FSL) at Birmensdorf, Switzerland and the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K. The maps were reconstructed using relatively long maximum latewood density chronologies selected from the extensive networks of tree-ring data produced at the FSL. The reconstructions were produced using a spatial regression technique developed at CRU. The basis for the reconstructions are wood samples from various conifers growing at cool-moist sites close to the alpine or boreal timberlines. This material was analysed by x-ray densitometry and the resulting maximum latewood density chronologies were calibrated against meteorological data over a 100-year calibration period. These results emphasize the value of dendroclimatological research which can provide continentalscale reconstructions of past climate which represent a potential resource for climatologists, biologists, and historians with an interest in the spatial variability of summer temperatures over the middle to high latitudes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00047132
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single agent therapy for infections in cancer patients: A prospective randomized trial comparing three extended-spectrum cephalosporins (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three hundred and twenty patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial comparing cefoperazone, ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone for initial therapy of infectious episodes in cancer patients. Patients with neutropenia were excluded. In 286 evaluable episodes, the response rates associated with the three agents were 77 % for cefoperazone, 70 % for ceftizoxime and 72 % for ceftriaxone, with no statistically significant differences between the three treatment groups. The overall response rate for all episodes of pneumonia (64 %) was significantly lower than the response rate for all other infections (81 %; p=0.002), and the mortality associated with pneumonia (9 %) was higher than that associated with all other episodes (2 %; p=0.01). Patients with infections due to gram-negative organisms responded well to all three agents, whereas patients with gram-positive infections responded more favorably to cefoperazone. Two different schedules of ceftriaxone were used. The clinical response did not differ significantly between patients receiving ceftriaxone once daily and those receiving it twice daily. The incidence of superinfection and relapse was extremely low and all three agents were well tolerated. It is concluded that extended spectrum cephalosporins are effective as single agents for the treatment of infections in cancer patients with adequate neutrophil counts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964446
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