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  • 1990-1994  (14)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1950-1954
  • 1993  (7)
  • 1992  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser reflective interferometry for in situ monitoring of diamond film growth by chemical vapor deposition (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2977-2982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple laser reflective interferometer has been employed for in situ monitoring of diamond film growth in a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition reactor. This method uses a low power HeNe laser beam reflected at normal incident from the substrate. The high refractive index of the diamond film and the relatively high reflectivity of the Si substrate result in pronounced and easily detected interference oscillations in the reflected beam intensity. The oscillation period provides an accurate and immediate measure of the growth rate. In addition, the variations of the extrema of the oscillations provide an estimate of the quality and surface texture of the diamond films. Significant improvement in research productivity has been realized by using this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum: "Growth and characterization of reactively sputtered thin-film platinum oxides'' [J. Appl. Phys. 69, 1596 (1991)] (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 1660-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352367
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical studies of PdO thin films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4515-4522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Palladium oxide thin films are studied by ellipsometry, optical transmission, and Raman scattering. The PdO films are made by completely oxidizing Pd films sputtered onto fused silica substrates, and their optical constants determined using a combination of ellipsometry and transmission measurements. Oxidation kinetics experiments are performed on thick Pd substrates at temperatures of 300–500 °C. The optical properties of the films show a thickness dependence suggesting an increased absorption at the PdO-Pd interface. Ellipsometry on oriented single crystals of PdO yields the anisotropic optical constants at 632.8 nm. These results are combined with an effective medium theory to show that the oxidized films have a void density of 20–25%. Raman scattering is demonstrated to be a very sensitive probe for detecting the presence of PdO on Pd. An oxide only a few A(ring) thick is readily detectable, despite the absence of any surface enhanced Raman effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350797
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of the h-ras p21 GTPase activating protein by the activated epidermal growth factor receptor leads to inhibition of the p21 GTPase activity in vitro (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 31 (1992), S. 6361-6365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00143a001
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating Linkage Relationship of Isozyme Markers and Morphological Markers in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Including Families with Distorted Segregations (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 108 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The linkage relationship between eighteen isozyme loci and the morphological markers hypocotyl colour (R-r), monogerm character (M-m), pollen fertility (X) and stem fasciation (Verb.) are tested. Three linkage groups could be set up, involving all morphological marker loci and eight of the isozyme loci. Est-2, R-r, Fdp-2, Got2 and Icd-1 belong to linkage group I, linkage group II includes the loci Fas-fas M-m, Est-3 and Aco-1, linkage group III contains the loci X, Mdh-1 and Est-5.When analysing the inheritance of isozymes and RFLPs, deviations are usually found in some lines from the expected frequencies of a 3 : 1 or 1 : 2 : 1 segregation at single marker loci. In many cases these data can still be used for the estimation of recombination values with linked loci under the control of selection. Procedures to estimate linkage in such cases are given and applied to experimental data in Beta vulgaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1992.tb00106.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the dispersive correction f'(E) to the atomic form factor from X-ray reflection (1992)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 48 (1992), S. 626-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is shown in this paper that the reflectivity of X-rays at smooth and fiat surfaces gives the dispersive correction f′(E) to the atomic form factor with an accuracy comparable to that obtained by X-ray interferometry. A detailed set of values of f′(E) in the energy range 7–27 keV is given for Ni, Cu, CuO, Ta, LiTaO3, Pt and Au, together with the corresponding linear absorption coefficients μ/ρ. Whenever comparison is possible the values of f′(E) agree very well with those obtained by interferometry or by Kramers–Kronig transformation. Data calculated according to Cromer & Liberman [J. Chem. Phys. (1970). 53, 1891–1898] agree well with our data far from absorption edges. At the edges there are substantial differences because the calculations do not take into account the structure of the edges, their chemical shift in compounds and the EXAFS structure above the edges. Below absorption edges the values of f′(E) for metals and their oxides are equal, provided the chemical shift in the position of the edges is taken care of. This feature is interesting in anomalous scattering experiments, where the variation off' with energy is used to vary the scattering contrast of a given atomic species. Once f′(E) is known, X-ray reflectivity measurements can be used to determine the density and the thickness of layers on fiat substrates. In addition, the roughness of the air-layer and layer-substrate interfaces have been determined with high precision in the metals and oxides mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767391009790
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of two different concentrations of short-acting insulin, intermediate-acting insulin, and an insulin mixture following subcutaneous injection (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 621-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Insulin action ; Insulin pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To compare the pharmacokinetics of two different concentrations, containing either 40 or 100 IU/ml of short-acting human insulin (Velasulin HM), intermediate-acting human insulin (Insulatard HM), or an insulin mixture (25% short-acting insulin, 75% intermediate-acting insulin; Mixtard HM), three randomized, single-blind, crossover trials were performed using the euglycemic clamp technique. Eighteen healthy volunteers received insulin of either formulation subcutaneously in each of the studies (15 IU Velasulin, 20 IU Insulatard, or Mixtard). The blood glucose levels were maintained constant by glucose infusions. In the trial using Velasulin, the two different insulin concentrations were equivalent regarding the total absorption [area under the curve (AUC) of serum insulin: 126 ± 28 and 123 ± 35 mU/1 x 12 h for U40 and U100 (x ± SD)], but not in regard to the rate of absorption (t max 1.3 ± 0.4 and 2.4 ± 1.0 h for U40 and U100). In the case of Insulatard, total absorption was not equivalent (AUC 153 ± 35 and 128 ± 37 ml/l x 24 h for U40 and U100), but the rate of absorption was equivalent (t max 4.8 ± 2.9 and 5.3 ± 4.6 h). In the Mixtard series, total absorption was equivalent (AUC 142 ± 32 and 128±22 mU/1 x 24 h), but the rate of absorption was not (t max 2.2 ± 0.9 and 3.2 ± 4.2 h for U40 and U100). The glucose requirement was not equivalent in each of the three series. It was higher for the U-100 formulation in the Velasulin trial (2363±578 ml/12 h for U40 and 2601 ± 820 mi/ 12h for U100) and lower in the Insulatard trial (2203 ± 1271 ml/24 h for U40 and 1864 ± 864 ml/ 24h for U100) and the Mixtard trial (2559 ± 914 ml/24h for U40 and 2067 ± 896 ml/24 h for U100). When switching insulin from U40 to U100 formulations, more frequent blood glucose monitoring in the early phase following the insulin injection is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184810
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep seismic profile across a Proterozoic collision zone: surprises at depth (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 363 (1993), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Trans-Hudson orogen (THO) forms part of a worldwide network of Proterozoic orogens that weld together Archaean provinces, and formed the connective tissue of a Proterozoic supercontinent9'13. In the study area, the THO is distinguished by the largest exposure of juvenile, arc-derived ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/363339a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population kinetics of gentamicin in neonates (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. S23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Gentamicin ; Neonates ; population kinetics ; prediction of kinetic parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A population kinetic analysis was carried out on sparse plasma gentamicin (GE) concentration data from 469 neonates obtained as part of a routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) programme in the hospital neonatology unit. The best predictors of the kinetic parameters of the monoexponential model, volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL), were the weight (WT) and gestational age (GA). Vd of the neonates was only related to WT, whereas the half-life was only related to the GA. The clinical implications of the findings are that the initial dose per WT administered to premature infants should be larger than that for term infants, because of a larger Vd per unit WT, and the intervals between maintenance doses should extended due to the prolonged half-life. Apart from these general guidelines, specific dose recommendations are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01428387
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flumazenil kinetics in the elderly (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 585-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Flumazenil ; benzodiazepine ; absorption ; disposition ; elderly volunteers ; pharmacokinetics ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an open design, randomised, two-way cross-over study, a single 2 mg i.v. dose and a single 30 mg oral dose of flumazenil were each administered to a group of healthy young (n=6) and elderly (n=12) volunteers (male: female 2/1). Plasma samples were collected at intervals and intact drug was assayed. Both the IV and oral doses of flumazenil were very well tolerated by both age groups and no severe or unexpected adverse effects were observed. The main complaints were dizziness and headache, mainly after oral dosing, probably due to the higher Cmax and AUC following this route of administration. After 2 mg i. v. the disposition parameters in the two age groups (elderly/young) were very similar: volume of distribution (Vss): 0.88/0.901·kg−1; total body clearance (ClPL): 0.86/0.99 l·min−1; terminal elimination half-life (t1/2β): 1.02/0.91 h. After the 30 mg oral dose the mean Cmax of 87.6 ng·ml−1 (elderly) and 78.4 ng·ml−1 (young) were generally reached within 0.5 to 1 h. In 26% (elderly) and 23% (young), the absolute bioavailability of flumazenil was very similar. It is concluded that the absorption and disposition paramters of flumazenil were not significantly affected by aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315320
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