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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of caries in adolescents in relation to diet (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 20 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to compare dietary habits between adolescents with high or low dental caries prevalence. All 15-yr-old adolescents living in a small community in Northern Sweden were studied in 1987, 1988, and 1989. The median values for energy and nutrient intake exceeded or were close to the recommendations (SNR89) given by the Swedish National Food Administration. The fiber intake did not reach the recommended daily amount even for the 90th percentile of (he studied cohort. Nineteen percent of the adolescents had caries free teeth and 10% had nine or more decayed or filled surfaces. There was no difference in daily sucrose intake or average number of meals per day between these two groups. The group with nine or more decayed or filled surfaces had worse dietary habits, expressed as a higher fat intake, lower intake of complex carbohydrates, and lower density of iron (mg/MJ) than the group with no dental caries. Dietary counseling by dentists should be a valuable addition to other caries prophylactic measures taken by the dentists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01547.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of Grapefruit Oil Constituents from Processing Waste Water using Styrene-divinylbenzene Resins (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 57 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Styrene-divinylbenzene (SDVB) resins were utilized for the recovery of coldpressed grapefruit oil constituents from model solutions and waste waters. Sorption rates and sorption capacities were determined for a series of resins with model solutions. Citrus oil processing waste water was passed through an upflow column extraction system. Adsorbed oil was desorbed using 95% ethanol and gas chromatographic analysis was performed to determine the quality of the extracted oil. The waste water samples contained suspended solids which reduced the extraction ability of the resins. Major compounds recovered from waste waters were d-limonene and alpha-terpineol. Nootkatone and linalool recovery levels varied, while octanal and decanal were present in extremely low levels in the recovered products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1992.tb05452.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo distribution of [11C]-busulfan incynomolgus monkey and in the brain of a human patient (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 30 (1992), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vivo distribution of the antileukemic agent busulfan labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide carbon 11 was investigated in cynomolgus monkeys and in a human patient using positron emission tomography. After i.v. injection of the radiotracer, its regional uptake was monitored for about 1 h in the monkey's body and in a separate experiment, in the monkey's brain. The concentration of radioactivity in the liver, which showed the highest levels of all the organs scanned, increased throughout the experiment and was 9-fold that in the brain at the end of the experiment. [11C]-Busulfan rapidly crossed the blood-brain barrier. The radioactivity peaked in both the cortex and the white matter showing a ratio of 1.25, at 3 min but declined quickly to yield a ratio of approximately 1 after 30 min. In the human brain, radioactivity in the cerebellum, cortex, and white matter reached a maximum within 5 min showing a cortex:white matter ratio of 1.6. The activity in the cortex declined to yield a ratio of 1 within 30 min. Of the delivered dose, 20% penetrated into the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686397
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-dependent mortality in Pinus sylvestris caused by the snow blight pathogen Phacidium infestans (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 90 (1992), S. 74-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Density-dependence ; Pinus sylvestris-Phacidium infestans ; Epidemic development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Relationships between disease incidence and the density of host plant populations were investigated in the Pinus sylvestris-Phacidium infestans host-fungal pathogen association, in which the season of death of plants killed up to 3 years previously could be accurately determined. Significant (P〈0.05), positive density-dependent relationships between the proportion of plants dying in the winters of 1987–1988, 1988–1989 or 1989–1990 and the original stand density were detected in 12 of 26 comparisons. Of the remaining comparisons, all but three had positive regression coefficients for the same association. Plants killed up to 2 years previously contributed to inoculum production. The use of “standing dead” as a predictor in the analyses showed that the proportion of plants dying in the winters of 1988–1989 or 1989–1990 was generally better correlated with standing dead in the previous summer than with the density of the original population. Significant (P〈0.05), positive density-dependent associations were also found between the proportion of living plants in 1990 infected with P. infestans and the number of standing dead plants in all nine comparisons. In contrast, only four of the nine associations between these proportions of infected plants and population density were significant. The strength of the density-dependent relationships varied substantially within and between sites. Much of this variation appears to be due to differences in the stage of development of the epidemics occurring at different sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317811
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific effects by the psychotomimetic drugsd-amphetamine and phencyclidine on the performance of an aversely motivated successive visual discrimination in the rat (1992)
    Springer
    Amino acids 3 (1992), S. 69-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Amino acids ; Conditioned avoidance ; Discrimination ; Nerve impulses ; Dopamine ; Excitatory amino acids ; Amphetamine ; Phencyclidine (Rat)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats were trained to perform a conditioned avoidance response to white noise in a conventional two-compartment “shuttle-box”. The partition between the compartments had two openings, however, and the correct passage (leftor right) was signalled by changes in background illumination. In this situation the psychotomimetic compoundsd-amphetamine (4 mg kg−1 IP) and phencyclidine (PCP) (2 mg kg−1 SC) were found to selectively disrupt the visual discrimination. Thed-amphetamine-induced abnormal behavior in this situation has previously been linked to excessive dopamine (DA) receptor stimulation, not controlled by nerve impulse flow and its regulation by important local feed-back mechanisms. Thus, the psychotomimetic effects produced by this compound should not only by due to increased DA receptor activationper se, but also to a disruption of normal patterns of firing and release in dopaminergic neurons. There is evidence to suggest that PCP via an excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor produces a similar net effect on brain meso-limbic dopaminergic neurotransmission via an increased rate of firing, accompanied by regularization of firing (loss of burst activity). In support for a mediation of PCP-induced effects via EAA receptors, the local application of kynurenic acid into the ventral forebrain (4.7µg, bilaterally) was found also to produce a selective disruption of discriminative performance. It should be noted, however, thatd-amphetamine-induced loss of discriminative behavior, but not that induced by PCP, was antagonized by haloperidol (0.1–0.2 mg kg−1 IP) administration. It is thus possible that at least some effects of PCP in this situation are mediated on the efferent side of the dopaminergic neuron. It is suggested that the abnormal behavior, as evidenced by a loss of discriminative (but not avoidance) behavior, is due to disruption of normal, feed-back regulated, nerve impulse flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00806009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the bone-titanium interface in rabbits (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1992), S. 262-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The interface zone between cortical bone and threaded non-alloyed titanium implants inserted in the rabbit tibia for 12 months was examined by light and electron microscopy. The implants were removeden bloc with the perfusion-fixed surrounding bone and the undecalcified specimens were, after osmification, dehydrated and embedded in plastic resin (LR White). In ground sections (about 10 µm thick) cortical bone appeared to be in direct contact with the implant surface and the implants were thus “osseointegrated”. Sections for light microscopy (1 µm thick) and electron microscopy (40 nm to 0.5 µm) were prepared by using an electropolishing technique by which the bulk part of the metal was electrochemically removed and a fracture technique by which the implant was separated from the embedded tissue before sectioning. In the electropolished specimens an unmineralized zone, 2–10 µm wide, was observed at the interface. The interface zone contained osteoid-like tissue (densely packed collagen fibrils, osteocyte canaliculi) but in general no deposits of calcium mineral. This feature of the interface could not be observed in specimens prepared by the fracture technique, indicating that the electropolishing technique had induced serious artefacts, including decalcification of the interface bone. In sections prepared by the fracture technique, mineralized bone was present very close to the implant surface. No gradient of mineral was observed. A thin layer of amorphous material (100–200 nm wide) was present peripheral to the mineralized bone. An electron dense line about 100 nm wide was formed at the border between the mineralized bone and the amorphous layer. The dense layer had the same characteristics as the lamina limitans observed around osteocyte lacunae and canaliculi or the zone between areas of bone with different degree of mineralization. Our observations suggest that mineralized bone reached close to the surface of titanium implants inserted in the rabbit tibia for 12 months but that a direct contact is not established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative comparison of the cell response to commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants in the abdominal wall of rats (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1992), S. 126-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Commercially pure (c.p.) titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants were inserted in the abdominal wall of rats. The surrounding fluid space, inflammatory cells and fibrous capsule were evaluated after 1, 6 and 12 weeks. Light-microscopic morphometry demonstrated a fluid space around both implant materials which gradually decreased with time. Macrophages were preferentially distributed close to the implant surface in the innermost zone (0–25 µm from the surface). In contrast, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were located mainly in the outer three zones (25–100 µm from the surface). At all time periods studied and around both materials, lymphocytes were detected throughout the surrounding tissue. The outer border of the fibrous capsule, which consisted of macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and collagen, was difficult to define, in particular during the early phase of healing. At later time stages, 6 and 12 weeks, no difference in width (60–90 µm) was observed between the two materials. No major quantitative differences with respect to the number of different cells, fluid space width and fibrous capsule thickness were noted between the two materials studied. The observed mild inflammatory reaction and the absence of statistically significant differences between c.p. titanium and Ti-6Al-4V in soft tissue indicate that both materials could be suitable for use in soft tissues. In the context of previous comparative studies it may be concluded that the animal species as well as the different implantation locals play an important role in the determination of biocompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705280
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational Auger depth profiling of a GaAs/AlGaAs multilayer structurePaper presented at the 13th Symposium on Applied Surface Analysis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 12-14 June 1991. (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 18 (1992), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A superlattice sample consisting of 200 alternating 5 nm layers of GaAs and Al0.45Ga0.55As was analyzed to explore some of the factors affecting depth resolution in rotational depth profiling by AES, including coincidence of sample rotation and probe beam axes, stability of analysis position and probe beam current density. Because of the periodic nature of the layers involved, it was possible to detect very small (〈 2 nm) changes in surface topography. A mathematical model is proposed which explains the unusual features observed in the AES profile.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740180602
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