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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correction of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease by gene therapy, augmented by insertional activation of MDS1-EVI1 , PRDM16 or SETBP1 (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 12 (2006), S. 401-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells has been used successfully for correcting lymphoid but not myeloid immunodeficiencies. Here we report on two adults who received gene therapy after nonmyeloablative bone marrow conditioning for the treatment of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1393
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy on high-dose busulphan kinetics (1993)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 33 (1993), S. 181-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of high-dose busulphan was studied in 17 patients during conditioning prior to bone marrow transplantation using deuterium-labeled busulphan (d8-BU). About 50% of busulphan doses 1 and 16 was replaced with d8-BU. Patients were treated with phenytoin or diazepam as prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy. Patients who received phenytoin demonstrated significantly higher clearance (mean ±SD, 3.32±0.99 ml min−1 kg−1), a lower area under the concentration-time curve (AUC, 5,412±1,534 ng h ml−1; corrected for dose/kilogram) and a shorter elimination half-life (3.03±0.57 h) for the last dose of d8-BU (dose 16) as compared with the first dose (2.80±0.78 ml min−1 kg−1, 6,475±2,223 ng h ml−1 and 3.94±1.10 h, respectively). No difference in the above-mentioned pharmacokinetic parameters was seen in patients treated with diazepam. Moreover, a continuous decrease in the steady-state level of busulphan was observed in four of seven patients in the phenytoin-treated group, whereas in the diazepam group, such a decrease was seen in only one of eight patients. We conclude that phenytoin used as prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy alters busulphan pharmacokinetics and, most probably, its pharmacodynamics. For adequate prophylactic therapy, anticonvulsants with fewer enzyme-inductive properties than phenytoin should be used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686213
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo distribution of [11C]-busulfan incynomolgus monkey and in the brain of a human patient (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 30 (1992), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in vivo distribution of the antileukemic agent busulfan labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide carbon 11 was investigated in cynomolgus monkeys and in a human patient using positron emission tomography. After i.v. injection of the radiotracer, its regional uptake was monitored for about 1 h in the monkey's body and in a separate experiment, in the monkey's brain. The concentration of radioactivity in the liver, which showed the highest levels of all the organs scanned, increased throughout the experiment and was 9-fold that in the brain at the end of the experiment. [11C]-Busulfan rapidly crossed the blood-brain barrier. The radioactivity peaked in both the cortex and the white matter showing a ratio of 1.25, at 3 min but declined quickly to yield a ratio of approximately 1 after 30 min. In the human brain, radioactivity in the cerebellum, cortex, and white matter reached a maximum within 5 min showing a cortex:white matter ratio of 1.6. The activity in the cortex declined to yield a ratio of 1 within 30 min. Of the delivered dose, 20% penetrated into the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686397
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and distribution of liposomal busulfan in the rat: a new formulation for intravenous administration (1998)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 42 (1998), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Busulfan ; Liposomes ; Pharmacokinetics ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of busulfan (Bu) were investigated after intravenous injection of free Bu (D-Bu) and freshly prepared liposomal Bu (L-Bu). Liposomal Bu was prepared using l-α-phosphatidylcholine, 1,2-dioleolyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, and cholesterol. The liposomes formed were unilamellar vesicles measuring 220 ± 14 nm in diameter and containing a Bu concentration of 0.31 ± 0.03 mg/ml. The half-life of Bu in the present formulation was determined to be 8.7 ± 2.7 days at 4 °C. The liposomes in the new formulation were stable for 20 days at 4 °C. After the intravenous administration of L-Bu or D-Bu (dissolved in a mixture of DMSO, ethanol, and propylene glycol) to the rats a higher bone marrow exposure to Bu as expressed in AUC marrow/AUC blood was achieved using L-Bu as compared with D-Bu (1.59 and 0.83, respectively). A higher distribution volume was observed for L-Bu as compared with D-Bu (1.39 versus 0.67 l/kg, respectively). The elimination half-lives were significantly longer in both blood and marrow after the administration of L-Bu as compared with D-Bu (2.52 and 3.08 versus 1.53 and 1.75 h, respectively). The new liposomal Bu showed linear pharmacokinetics within the range of 0.5–3.5 mg/kg, which is comparable with that obtained for D-Bu. A slight difference was observed in systemic exposure to L-Bu as compared with D-Bu as expressed in AUC (9.93 and 11.82 μg h ml−1, respectively). The distribution study using 14C-labeled Bu showed that the radioactivity was significantly higher over 18 h in the bone marrow (3-fold) and spleen (2-fold; P 〈 0.01) in a comparison of L-Bu with D-Bu. However in the brain, lungs, and heart the distribution of radioactivity after the administration of L-Bu was significantly lower (P 〈 0.05) than that␣obtained using D-Bu. On the basis of the present study, the new formulation of liposomal Bu seems to be a promising preparation for clinical trails, since it appears to target bone marrow and spleen with no accumulation in the liver or other organs known for Bu toxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002800050847
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary Gas Chromatography of Trichlorophenols Using Ammonia as Carrier Gas (2000)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 23 (2000), S. 156-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; trichlorophenols ; ammonia ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ---No abstract
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ammonia on the response of the nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 6 (1994), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: capillary GC ; NPD ; aliphatic amines ; nitro and phosphorus compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of ammonia as a carrier gas and as a make-up gas on the response of the nitrogen phosphorus detector (NPD) was investigated. This study showed that the response of the NPD increased 2.2 to 10.3 fold for all studied aliphatic amines when 5% ammonia in nitrogen was used as a make-up gas. This increase was about 5.3 to 22.8 fold when ammonia was used as a carrier gas. The response of the NPD for nitro-aromatic compounds increased 1.8 to 3.1 fold using 5% ammonia as a make-up gas and 4.2 fold when ammonia was used as a carrier gas. The higher response obtained using ammonia as the carrier gas is related to improvements in the chromatographic performance (reduced tailing). The response of the NPD to phosphorus compounds was about 1.5 times higher using ammonia either as a carrier gas or as a make-up gas compared to nitrogen. Although the noise of the NPD increased, the signal-to-noise ratios for both amines and phosphorus compounds improved with the use of ammonia.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220060405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixture of ammonia and helium as a carrier gas for capillary gas chromatography (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 5 (1993), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: capillary GC ; ammonia ; helium ; amines ; chlorophenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mixture of ammonia and helium was used as a carrier gas for capillary gas chromatographic analysis of aliphatic amines and dichlorophenols. The peak symmetry for aliphatic amines was drastically improved when the percentage of ammonia was 5-30%. The symmetry continued to improve, although less drastically, between 30-100%ammonia. The capacity factors of the amines decreased with increasing ammonia content up to 100%. 2,5-Dichlorophenol and 2,6-dichlorophenol could not be resolved when helium alone was used as the mobile phase with a column of intermediate polarity (cyanopropylmethylphenylsilicone). Complete separation was, however, achieved by increasing the ammonia content in the carrier gas to 50%. The ratio of the capacity factors (k'NH3/k'He) for the dichlorophenols increased linearly with increasing ammonia percentage up to 100% on the methylsilicone and cyanopropylmethylphenylsilicone columns.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220050608
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary gas chromatography of chlorophenols with ammonia as carrier gas (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14 (1991), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Ammonia as carrier gas ; Chlorophenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240140419
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capillary gas chromatography of amines with ammonia as carrier gas (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 252-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Ammonia ; Aliphatic amines ; Aromatic amines ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of ammonia as a carrier gas for the chromatography of aliphatic and aromatic amines has been investigated. As compared to nitrogen, ammonia gave drastically improved peak symmetry and lower capacity factors (k′) for primary and secondary amines on polar (Polyethylene glycol) and medium Polar (methylphenylcyanopropylsilicone) stationary Phases. The effect of ammonia was more Pronounced at low column temperatures. Considerably better detection limits of primary and secondary amines were obtained with ammonia as carrier gas than with nitrogen. No detrimental effects of using ammonia were observed on the gas chromatograph or on the columns over a period of about one year.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240130408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ammonia carrier gas on the response of the flame ionization detector (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 17 (1994), S. 723-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Carrier gas ; Ammonia ; Helium ; Hydrocarbons ; Amines ; Ketones ; Alcohols ; Phenols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of using ammonia as a carrier gas on the response of the flame ionization detector (FID) has been investigated. It was found that the FID response, calculated as the effective carbon number (ECN), increased for all the compounds studied when ammonia, rather than helium, was used. The change was 0-0. 9 carbon atom for hydrocarbons, one carbon atom for alcohols and diphenyl ether, and 0.4-1 carbon atom for phenols and ketones. The increase in ECN was larger for amines (0. 8-5 carbon atoms), but these numbers also reflected an improvement in chromatographic performance as a result of reduced adsorption on the column. The largest change in signal-to-noise ratio, a six-fold increase, was obtained for octyl-amine; ratios for hexyl methyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, dihexyl-amine, dibutylamine, and N-methyloctylamine increased by a factor of 2-3 when ammonia was used as carrier gas. To determine the extent to which the effect on detector response was solely attributable to ammonia, a mixture of 5 % ammonia in nitrogen was used as detector make-up gas with helium as carrier gas. Under these conditions the noise in the FID increased but for most of the compounds studied the signal-to-noise ratio also increased.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240171008
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