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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1993  (5)
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  • 1990-1994  (5)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Necrotizing chorioretinitis in mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 with or without glycoprotein C: anterior chamber-associated immune deviation does not persist (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 132 (1993), S. 225-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary BALB/c mice developed contralateral necrotizing retinitis following intracameral inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The animals showed a positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response at 10 days postinoculation, indicating that the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation was transient after HSV-1 inoculation. Since glycoprotein C (gC) of HSV-1 is a major immunogen, we examined DTH and the antibody response induced by a gC-deficient strain TN-1 and compared them with those induced by the recombinant gC-positive mutants. We found that gC was not required for DTH reaction, and that gC was neither necessary for nor protective against the contralateral retinal necrosis. Serial lymphocyte subset analyses of the draining lymph nodes revealed an absolute increase of B cells, CD 4-positive T cells, and CD 8-positive T cells. CD 4-positive T cells but not CD 8-positive T cells increased in the contralateral eyes during the inflammation and necrosis. The coincident emergence of the positive DTH and contralateral retinal necrosis of HSV-1-inoculated mice, together with the presence of CD 4-positive cells in the retina, indicated that CD 4-positive T cells responsible for DTH induction may participate in the retinal necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309535
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of naturally occurring glycoprotein C-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 129 (1993), S. 119-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We previously isolated glycoprotein C (gC)-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutants, TN-1, TN-2 and TN-3, from a patient with recurrent herpetic keratitis at one-year intervals. In the present study, the molecular basis for the inability of these clinical isolates to express gC was examined. The nucleotide sequence of the gC gene of the TN-1 strain was compared with that of the HSV-1 KOS strain. In the open reading frame of the gC gene, there were 12 nucleotide differences between the TN-1 and KOS strains, seven of which led to amino acid substitutions. Importantly, one of them was the codon change from CAG for glutamine at position 280 to TAG for the amber termination codon. Accordingly, the TN-1 strain produced a truncated gC with a predicted molecular weight, which was secreted into the extracellular fluid. These results suggest that this amber mutation in the TN-gC gene results in a premature termination of gC translation and is the cause of the gC-negative phenotype of the TN strains. It is expected that these extremely rare HSV-1 strains will provide us with valuable information concerning the in vivo functions of gC, especially in ocular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316889
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of bilateral retinal necrosis in mice by unilateral intracameral inoculation of a glycoprotein-C deficient clinical isolate of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 129 (1993), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herpes simplex virus can cause acute retinal necrosis, a blinding retinal disease in man. A unilateral intracameral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mice induces retinal necrosis primarily in the contralateral eye and provides an experimental model for the disease. Previous studies suggested that a major envelope glycoprotein of HSV-1, glycoprotein C (gC), is required for retinal necrosis. We studied HSV-1 strain TN-1, a gC-deficient clinical isolate from a lesion of herpetic keratitis, for its pathogenicity in mice with an intracameral inoculation of the virus and found that TN-1 could induce severe necrotizing retinitis in both inoculated and uninoculated eyes of BALB/c mice. Inoculation with a lower dose of TN-1 resulted in a unilateral necrotizing retinitis in the uninoculated eyes. Tissue virus titration of infected mice killed at various times after inoculation detected an infectious virus in various organs including the eyeballs, trigeminal ganglia, brain and adrenal glands. Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) was observed in TN-1-inoculated mice as well as in mice inoculated with gC-positive laboratory strain KOS 7 days postinoculation. Our findings suggested that gC of HSV-1 is not necessary for either the induction of retinal necrosis, neural spread of the virus, or ACAID.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316888
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequence of the major DNA-binding protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 and a comparison with the type 1 counterpart (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 129 (1993), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nucleotide sequence of a region encompassing about 5,200 base pairs (bp) of the left side of the origin of replication in the long unique region of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has been determined. This region contained the major DNA-binding protein or the infected-cell protein 8 (ICP 8) gene and 5′-part of the counterpart of HSV-1 ICP 18.5 gene. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the ICP 8 gene between HSV-1 and HSV-2 showed an 89.8% homology. A primer extension analysis for the HSV-2 ICP 8 mRNA showed that the major transcriptional start site was mapped at 315 bp upstream of the initiation codon. A comparison of the predicted functional amino acid sequence of the ICP 8 between HSV-1 and HSV-2 revealed a striking homology (97.2%), the value of which was the highest among those of the other poly-peptides encoded by HSV-1 and HSV-2. Some domains, which were shown to be required for the nuclear function, the binding to single-stranded DNA and the nuclear localization were well conserved. In addition, the nucleotide and the functional amino acid sequences of a part of the HSV-2 conterpart of the HSV-1 ICP 18.5 gene were also compared, demonstrating an 88.4% and 95.9% homology, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01316894
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of a neurovirulent herpes simplex virus type 2 strain with reduced thymidine kinase activity (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 131 (1993), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thymidine kinase (TK) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been identified as one of the factors responsible for its virulence. We have previously isolated acyclovir (ACV)-resistant HSV type 2 (HSV-2), strain YS-4 C-1, by simple plaque cloning from a clinical isolate. Although YS-4 C-1 had extremely low TK activity, it retained high virulence in mice. To determine the mechanism of the reduction of TK activity, a molecular analysis of the YS-4 C-1 TK gene was performed. YS-4 C-1 produced TK mRNA, which was indistinguishable both in size and amount from that of wild-type strains. However, the YS-4 C-1 TK had a single amino acid change from serine to asparagine at amino acid residue 182 of the TK polypeptide, which was caused by a single nucleotide mutation. It was situated within a highly conserved region (162–194) and close to the putative nucleoside-binding site (169–177), one of the three active centers of TK. In order to confirm the effect of this missense mutation on both the TK activity and neurovirulence, the mutation was introduced into the TK genes of wild-type strains. Although all the recombinants were altered to ACV-resistant viruses with reduced TK activity, they retained high neurovirulence for mice. Our study thus suggested that this mutant TK, in spite of low activity, might play a role in the neurovirulence of HSV-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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