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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O flux through a Wyoming snowpack and implications for global budgets (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 361 (1993), S. 140-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Carbon dioxide is important environmentally and biologi-cally. It is the primary gas involved in the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the Earth. As a component of the atmosphere, carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas contributing ~45% of all greenhouse forcing1'4. A large ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361140a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane mitigation in flooded Louisiana rice fields (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 174-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane emissions ; Flooded soil ; Greenhouse gas ; Wetland rice ; Mitigation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A field experiment was conducted to determine whether selected nitrification inhibitors (encapsulated calcium carbide and dicyandiamide) and SO inf4 sup-2 -containing compounds [(NH4)2SO4 and Na2SO4] had mitigating effects on CH4 emissions from flooded rice. Microplots were established within a rice bay drill-seeded with the Texmont rice cultivar and CH4 fluxes were measured over the main rice cropping season. Methane emissions over the 77-day sampling period were approximately 230, 240, 260, 290, 310, and 360 kg CH4 ha-1 from the calcium carbide, Na2SO4-rate II, Na2SO4-rate I, (NH4)2SO4, dicyandiamide, and urea (control) treatments, respectively. Reductions in CH4 evolution, compared to the control, ranged from 14 to 35%, depending on treatment. The selected inhibitors and SO inf4 sup-2 -containing compounds appear to be effective in reducing the CH4 emitted from flooded rice fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361607
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wax-coated calcium carbide and nitrapyrin on nitrogen loss and methane emission from dry-seeded flooded rice (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Nitrification inhibitors ; 15N balance ; Nitrous oxide ; Greenhouse gases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effectiveness of wax-coated calcium carbide (as a slow-release source of acetylene) and nitrapyrin in inhibiting nitrification and emission of the greenhouse gases N2O and CH4 was evaluated in a microplot study with dry-seeded flooded rice grown on a grey clay near Griffith, NSW, Australia. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of N levels with nitrification inhibitors (control, wax-coated calcium carbide, and nitrapyrin). The rate of nitrification was slowed considerably by the addition of wax-coated calcium carbide, but it was inhibited only slightly by the addition of nitrapyrin. As a result, the emission of N2O was markedly reduced by the application of wax-coated calcium carbide, whereas there was no significant difference in rates of N2O emission between the control and nitrapyrin treatments. Both nitrification inhibitors significantly reduced CH4 emission, but the lowest emission rates were observed in the wax-coated calcium carbide treatment. At the end of the experiment 84% of the applied N was recovered from the wax-coated calcium carbide treatment compared with ∼ 43% for the nitrapyrin and control treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acetylene provided by wax-coated calcium carbide on transformations of urea nitrogen applied to an irrigated wheat crop (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 16 (1993), S. 86-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Nitrogen immobilization ; Mineralization ; Nitrification ; Nitrification inhibitor ; Acetylene ; CaC2 ; 15N enrichment ; Urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of acetylene (provided by wax-coated calcium carbide, CaC2) on N transformations in a red-brown earth was measured in a field experiment with irrigated wheat by determining the change in the concentration and 15N enrichment of the organic N and mineral N pools with time. The study was conducted in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation region of south-eastern Australia using 0.3 m by 0.3 m microplots fertilized with 15N-labelled urea (10 g N m-2; 5 atom% 15N). Acetylene was effective in slowing the nitrification of both unlabelled and labelled N. Nitrate derived from the added fertilizer reached a maximum 19 days after sowing in the treatment without CaC2, whereas little nitrate accumulated in the 8 g CaC2 m-2 treatment. There was significant immobilization of the urea N by 19 days after sowing in all treatments, but the extent of immobilization was not affected by the acetylene. The addition of acetylene slowed net mineralization of labelled and unlabelled N from the organic N pool, and resulted in increased accumulation of both unlabelled and labelled N in wheat tops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of nitrification inhibitors to increase fertilizer nitrogen recovery and lint yield in irrigated cotton (1993)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 34 (1993), S. 37-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: acetylene ; denitrification ; irrigation ; nitrogen isotopes ; nitrogen loss ; urea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes field experiments designed to evaluate the effectiveness of several nitrification inhibitors to prevent loss of fertilizer nitrogen (N) applied to cotton. The usefulness of nitrapyrin, acetylene (provided by wax-coated calcium carbide), phenylacetylene and 2-ethynylpyridine to prevent denitrification was evaluated by determining the recovery of N applied as15N labelled urea to a heavy clay soil in 1 m × 0.5 m microplots in north western N.S.W., Australia. In a second experiment, the effect of wax-coated calcium carbide on lint yield of cotton supplied with five N levels was determined on 12.5 m × 8 m plots at the same site. The15N balance study showed that in the absence of nitrification inhibitors only 57% of the applied N was recovered in the plants and soil at crop maturity. The recovery was increased (p 〈 0.05) to 70% by addition of phenylacetylene, to 74% by nitrapyrin, to 78% by coated calcium carbide and to 92% by 2-ethynylpyridine. In the larger scale field experiment, addition of the wax-coated calcium carbide significantly slowed the rate of NH 4 + oxidation in the grey clay for approximately 8 weeks. Lint yield was increased (p 〈 0.05) by the addition of the inhibitor at all except the highest level of N addition. The inhibitor helped to conserve the indigenous N as well as the applied N. The research shows that the effectiveness of urea fertilizer for cotton grown on the heavy clay soils of N.S.W. can be markedly improved by using acetylenic compounds as nitrification inhibitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749958
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