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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in reflectometric density profile measurements on the DIII-D tokamaka) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1229-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Significant improvements have been achieved in the accuracy and reliability of broadband frequency-swept (FM) reflectometer measurements on DIII-D. This has been achieved through several improvements, the most important of which has been the application of digital complex demodulation (CDM) analysis software, which can extract signal phase with subfringe accuracy. Using this new analysis technique, results from the broadband FM system look very promising: reflectometer measurements show excellent agreement with Thomson profiles in Ohmic and H-mode plasmas, and good agreement with Thomson data in L-mode. Clear resolution of the steep edge density profile in H-mode plasmas, where very small phase shifts are involved, confirm the accuracy of the system calibration and performance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146012
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in reflectometric density profile measurements on the DIII-D tokamak (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 851-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Significant improvements have been achieved in the accuracy and reliability of broadband frequency-swept (FM) reflectometer measurements on DIII-D. This has been achieved through several improvements, the most important of which has been the application of digital complex demodulation (CDM) analysis software, which can extract signal phase with subfringe accuracy. Using this new analysis technique, results from the broadband FM system look very promising: reflectometer measurements show excellent agreement with Thomson profiles in Ohmic and H-mode plasmas, and good agreement with Thomson data in L-mode. Clear resolution of the steep edge density profile in H-mode plasmas, where very small phase shifts are involved, confirm the accuracy of the system calibration and performance. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146248
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIII-D divertor reflectometer system : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 447-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Divertor density profiles, asymmetries, turbulence, and MARFE diagnosis are extremely important and affect the divertor design process for ITER and other future devices. In addition, a functioning divertor density profile system will be essential for the operation of these machines. It is thus critical to prototype and demonstrate diagnostics capable of operating in a divertor environment. To meet these needs a divertor reflectometer system has been designed and installed on DIII-D. The design stresses flexibility, modularity, and simplicity. It consists of a circular, smoothwall, overmoded waveguide followed by a TE11⇒HE11 mode converter (the HE11 mode is a low loss Gaussian mode with a very symmetric radiation pattern, optimal for this use) thus allowing use of an arbitrary polarization (fpe,fLH,fRH). The design provides for testing of a variety of antennas/probing directions including: upward to probe the X-point region, including MARFEs, sideways to probe outboard/inboard divertor legs, and oppositely directed to probe both divertor legs simultaneously. System design, operational considerations, and experimental data are presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147603
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical study of electron transport in gallium nitride (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2834-2836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper describes characteristic electron transport properties for GaN in bulk and quantum well structures. First, ensemble Monte Carlo calculations of steady-state electron drift velocity in bulk GaN are presented as a function of applied electric field for different lattice temperatures. At 300 K, the calculated peak steady-state drift velocity is 2.8×107 cm/s and the threshold field is 160 kV/cm. It is found that the peak steady-state electron drift velocity decreases only slightly by about 20% as the temperature increases from 300 to 600 K while the threshold field increases slightly by about 20%. Therefore, in addition to its high temperature stability, GaN has a low temperature coefficient making it ideal for high temperature applications. For electron transport in heterostructures, quantum mechanical calculations of the electron capture rate in GaN-based quantum wells as a function of well thickness are also presented. An oscillatory behavior of the electron capture rate as a function of quantum well thickness is observed. It is found that the electron capture time oscillates between 2 and 30 ps, which is about an order of magnitude greater than capture times in GaAs quantum wells. The amplitude of oscillations decreased as the well thickness increased. These results suggest that electron transport and carrier collection in GaN are efficient processes for improved electronic and optoelectronic devices. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358696
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial growth and magnetoresistance of La1−xCaxMnO3−δ thin films on MgO(001) substrates (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6151-6156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perovskite La1−xCaxMnO3−δ thin films were deposited on MgO(001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Effects of deposition conditions, such as laser fluence, substrate temperature, and oxygen pressure, on growth behaviors of the films were investigated over a wide range. Epitaxial La0.7Ca0.3MnO3−δ /MgO thin films were able to be grown in situ under conditions such as 1.5–2.1 J/cm2 laser fluence, 650–750 °C substrate temperature, and 100–300 mTorr oxygen pressure. The oxygen pressure during the deposition is found to be closely related to crystalline orientations of the films. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements show that the epitaxial La1−xCaxMnO3−δ thin films have compositions similar to those of targets, demonstrating that pulsed laser deposition is a useful technique to get thin films with complicated chemical compositions. The magnetoresistance, −ΔR(6T)/R(0), of the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3−δ /MgO thin film was about −80%, which is smaller than the reported values (i.e., ∼−99.92%) of the La–Ca–Mn–O thin films on LaAlO3 substrates [S. Jin, T. H. Tiefel, M. McCormack, R. A. Fastnacht, R. Ramesh, and L. H. Chen, Science 264, 413 (1994)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360687
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of rolling conditions on microstructure and magnetic properties of thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets (abstract) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4115-4115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To match the requirements for development of transformer cores with lower iron losses, many new materials are under development including amorphous materials, 6.5% Si–Fe sheets and thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets. Among these materials, the thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets are attracting attention due to their good magnetic properties and scientific interest. Arai et al. reported that the magnetic properties of the sheets were comparable to those of the amorphous materials and (110)[001] preferred orientation of the sheets are developed by tertiary recrystallization.1 The 100 μm thick 3% Si–Fe sheets were prepared via conventional metallurgical processes including melting and casting, hot rolling to 25 mmT at 1200 °C, first cold rolling to 0.5 mmT, intermediate annealing at 800 °C for 30 min, second cold rolling to 0.25 mmT, intermediate annealing at 800 °C for 30 min, final cold rolling to 100 μm and final annealing at 1200 °C for 1 h in a vacuum of 5×10−6 Torr. Among these processes, the cold rolling process is an important one because preferred orientation of the sheets was developed in the process. Nakano et al. reported that there was an optimum cold rolling ratio to get required magnetic properties of the sheets.2 Recently, we found that the reduction rate, i.e., number of passes, as well as reduction ratio affected the preferred orientation and magnetic properties of the sheets. The number of passes in the first cold rolling process was changed from 7 to 60 and B10 values of the final sheets were changed from 1.30 to 1.84 T according to the number of passes. From x-ray experiments, it was found that intensity of (110) peak in the cold rolled and annealed sheets strongly affected the magnetic properties of the final sheets. We will discuss the relationship between the reduction rate and preferred orientation, and magnetic properties of the thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365097
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desirable magnetotransport properties in doped Mn-oxide-based superlattices : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4950-4952 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Superlattice structures based on doped Mn-oxides and SrTiO3 exhibit desirable magnetotransport properties, such as an enhanced magnetoresistance (MR) and a broadened MR transition. An La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 (55 Å)/SrTiO3 (160 Å) superlattice shows 61% MR at 0.5 T and 109 K, defined by [R(0 T)−R(0.5 T)]/R(0 T), compared to 38% MR for a single layer La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 film at 125 K. MR of larger than 85% at 5 T has been observed in a broad temperature range (from 150 to 10 K) for this superlattice. A systematic study of La0.7Ba0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 superlattices shows that the decrease of the La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 layer thickness results in the broadening of the MR peak in temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transfer matrix method for interface optical-phonon modes in multiple-interface heterostructure systems (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3363-3367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interactions of carriers with interface optical phonons dominate over other carrier–phonon scatterings in narrow quantum-well structures. Herein, a transfer matrix method is used to establish a formalism for determining the dispersion relations, electrostatic potentials, and Fröhlich interaction Hamiltonians of the interface optical phonons for multiple-interface heterostructure systems within the framework of the macroscopic dielectric continuum model. This method facilitates systematic calculations for complex structures where the conventional method is very difficult to implement. Several specific cases are treated to illustrate the advantages of the general formalism. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365649
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing Multiple Relationships in Rural Communities: Neutrality and Boundary Violations (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Mental health practitioners in rural settings have identified managing multiple relationships as their most difficult ethical dilemma (e.g., Sleek, 1994). Further, they have indicated that specific suggestions for negotiating this difficulty are rare (Stockman, 1990). This article reviews the current status of the literature addressing the management of multiple relationships in rural communities, and proposes that the psychodynamlc concept of neutrality and empirically determined therapy boundary violations provide a useful way to conceptualize managing multiple relationships in rural communities. Guidelines are provided for regulating behavior with both clients and other members of the community who are considered “prospective” clients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00111.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal design of reflectometer density profile measurements using a radar systems approach (invited) (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 415-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Reflectometry is an attractive and versatile diagnostic technique that can address a wide range of measurement needs on fusion devices. However, progress in the area of profile measurement has been hampered by the lack of a well-understood basis for the optimum design and implementation of such systems. Such a design basis is provided by the realization that reflectometer systems utilized for density profile measurements are in fact specialized forms of radar systems. In this article five criteria are introduced by which reflectometer systems can be systematically designed for optimal performance: range resolution, spatial sampling, turbulence immunity, bandwidth optimization, and the need for adaptive data processing. Many of these criteria are familiar from radar systems analysis, and are applicable to reflectometry after allowance is made for differences stemming from the nature of the plasma target. These criteria are utilized to critically evaluate current reflectometer density profile techniques and indicate improvements that can impact current and next step devices, such as ITER.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147842
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