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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of boron nitride nanotubes produced from carbon nanotubes by a substitution reaction (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 2364-2366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Here we report on the precise structural investigation of multiwalled boron nitride (BN) nanotubes by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The nanotubes were produced from carbon nanotubes by applying a recently discovered technique: a substitution chemical reaction [W. Han, Y. Bando, K. Kurashima, and T. Sato, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3085 (1998)]. It is found that in contrast to the starting carbon nanotubes, which exhibited large number of shells (typically 〉10), a significant proportion of buckled and corrugated graphene-like sheets, poor degree of graphitization, and wide distribution of helicities, the resultant BN nanotubes revealed perfectly straight shapes, limited number of shells (typically 2–6), and remarkable ordering of the graphene-like sheets in the so-called nonhelical "zig-zag" fashion with the [101¯0] direction parallel to the tube axis. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371058
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of pressure-induced islands and self-healing in three-dimensional toroidal magnetohydrodynamic equilibria (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 883-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The role of singular currents in three-dimensional toroidal equilibria and their resolution by magnetic island formation is discussed from both analytical and computational points of view. Earlier analytical results are extended to include small vacuum islands, which may, in general, have different phases with respect to pressure-induced islands. In currentless stellarators, the formation of islands is shown to depend on the resistive parameter DR, as well as the integrated effect of global Pfirsch–Schlüter currents. It is demonstrated that the pressure-induced "self-healing'' effect, recently discovered computationally, is also predicted by analytical theory. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871369
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of magnetic islands in a Heliac (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 752-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Simulations of three-dimensional equilibria in the H-1 Heliac [Fusion Technol. 17, 123 (1990)] with the hint code [Phys. Fluids B 4, 1539 (1992)] show that the size of a dangerous magnetic island should increase with plasma pressure, but that a destruction of the equilibrium at low β is avoided because the rotational transform evolves to exclude the rational surface concerned. At higher pressures there is evidence of near-resonant flux surface deformations, which may lead to an equilibrium limit. A reconnected equilibrium at still higher pressures exhibits a double island structure, which is similar to homoclinic phase portraits that have been observed after separatrix reconnection in Hamiltonian systems. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871427
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of magnetic island formation in magnetic reconnection experiment (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1253-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Formation of a magnetic island found in the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) [M. Yamada, H. Ji, S. Hsu, et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 1936 (1997)] is investigated by a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) relaxation theory and a numerical simulation. In the cohelicity injection with a mean toroidal field, the growing process of the island into a spheromak-type configuration is explained by quasistatic transition of the force-free and minimum energy state to a state with larger normalized helicity. It also turns out that no magnetic island would be generated in the counterhelicity case. The MHD simulation with inhomogeneous electric resistivity agrees with experimental results, which clearly shows formation and growth of the magnetic island in a diffusion region where the reconnection takes place. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873368
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetohydrodynamic Vlasov simulation of the toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 2711-2716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new simulation method has been developed to investigate the excitation and saturation processes of toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE modes). The background plasma is described by a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid model, while the kinetic evolution of energetic alpha particles is followed by the drift kinetic equation. The magnetic fluctuation of n=2 mode develops and saturates at the level of 1.8×10−3 of the equilibrium field when the initial beta of alpha particles is 2% at the magnetic axis. After saturation, the TAE mode amplitude shows an oscillatory behavior with a frequency corresponding to the bounce frequency of the alpha particles trapped by the TAE mode. The decrease of the power transfer rate from the alpha particles to the TAE mode, which is due to the trapped particle effect of a finite-amplitude wave, causes the saturation. From the linear growth rate the saturation level can be estimated. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871235
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of a materials science facility at the Photon Factory: Soft x-ray beamline BL 13C coupled with multipurpose analytical apparatus : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1780-1782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The performance data of an undulator soft x-ray beamline based on the cylindrical element monochromator concept are described. Photon fluxes over 1012 photon/s 0.1% b.w. are achieved with the slit width of 100 μm at the harmonic peaks of a 13-period undulator. The maximum resolution obtained at the N K edge (E/ΔE) is ≈5000 with the slit width of 10 μm. The beamline is equipped with a multipurpose analytical instrument having a hemispherical electron analyzer and other detectors. The system is used for both x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray absorption fine structure analyses for surface and materials science. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145848
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of Fragrance Materials With 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin by Static and Dynamic Head-space Methods (1999)
    Dordrecht, The Netherlands : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 21 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The stability constants for the inclusion of fragrance materials with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HP-β-C yD) in aqueous solution have been determined by the static head-space method. The 1:1 stability constants obtained by this method were in reasonable agreement with the corresponding values in the literature. In addition, the release profiles of fragrance materials from 2HP-β-CyD aqueous solution were investigated using the dynamic head-space method. It was found that the suppression of the fragrance materials release was dependent on their stability constants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.1999.203156.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-controlled growth of nanowhiskers (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The metalogranic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of site-controlled nanowhiskers having a single preferential growth direction is accomplished by using a SiO2 window mask. A small window size (200×200 nm in this experiment) is essential for growing a single whisker from a single Au- seed cluster formed inside each window of the mask. The presence of the SiO2 mask greatly influences the MOVPE growth process, especially the growth direction and resultant diameter of the whiskers. This influence may be due to surface migration of the source materials or source gas diffusion near the surface from the masked region to the window region. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clean GaP(001)-(4×2) and H2S-treated (1×2)S surface structures studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1432-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Clean GaP(001)-(4×2) and H2S-treated (1×2) surfaces are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We have observed a (4×2)/c(8×2) STM image for the cation-stabilized GaP(001) surface. The result suggests that the unit cell of the (4×2) structure consists of two Ga dimers with two missing Ga dimers. For the (1×2)S surface, the previous model that sulfur atoms are adsorbed on the Ga dimer and that a missing row of sulfur is formed along the [11¯0] direction is supported by the STM result. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114517
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of photoexcited carriers in molecular beam epitaxy grown semimagnetic epilayers in magnetic fields (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5941-5943 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved photoluminescence has been measured on molecular beam epitaxy grown Cd1−xMnxTe epilayer samples. The photoluminescence intensity of magnetic polarons exhibits a very long emission tail. The observed phenomenon is attributed to the conversion of the dark excitons to dipole allowed transitions by a spin-flip process. The magnetic field dependence of the two-exponential decay property is discussed within the frame of giant Zeeman splitting, the spin-flip scattering, and the formation of the magnetic polarons. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369998
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