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  • 1995-1999  (20)
  • 1900-1904
  • 1999  (2)
  • 1995  (18)
  • Chemistry  (18)
  • Tyr(P)-containing peptides  (2)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A small-angle x-ray scattering study of alginate solution and its Sol-Gel transition by addition of divalent cations (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 35 (1995), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) technique has been applied to investigate solution and gel structures of alginate in the absence and presence of two divalent cations: Ca(II) and Cu(II). We have observed a broad maximum in the scattering curve, a characteristic of polyelectrolyte, for the purified alginate sample. The scattering maximum disappears in excess of added simple salt and shifts toward the higher angle region with increasing alginate concentration. Concentration dependence of the position and intensity of the maximum follows power law relations with exponents close to those predicted by theory. Data analysis shows an increase in correlation length ξ and cross-sectional diameter d0, of polymer chains upon gelation and suggests that a dimeric structure is adopted in the junction zone, consistent with the “egg-box” model previously proposed. In the Ca(II)-alginate system, the molecular parameters ξ and d0 are found to have good correlation with the macroscopic properties of gelation, such as gel point determined by viscosity measurements. However, for the Cu(II)-alginate system there is no clearly transitional behavior observed in ξ and d0, implying that the junction zone may be replaced by a more uniformly distributed site binding of Cu(II) ions to the carboxyl groups of both mannuronate and guluronate residues, in confirmation of previous 13C-nmr results. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360350211
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystal Smectic-B Phase from a Mesomorphic Ferrocene Derivative (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 78 (1995), S. 1215-1218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal properties of two ferrocene derivatives, substituted by either one or two cholesteryloxycarbonyl units, were investigated. While the monosubstituted ferrocene derivative 1 was found to be non-mesomorphic, the disubstituted ferrocene derivative 2 exhibited a crystal smectic-B phase. This result shows that ferrocene-containing thermotropic liquid crystals, despite the bulkiness of the metallocene core, are not limited to disordered calamitic phases.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19950780514
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of phosphopeptides by the multipin method: Evaluation of coupling methods for the incorporation of Fmoc-Tyr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH, Fmoc-Ser(PO3Bzl,H)-OH and Fmoc-Thr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 6 (1999), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: Multipin multiple peptide synthesis ; phosphopeptides ; Tyr(P)-containing peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The efficiency of various coupling methods for the incorporation of the three monobenzyl phosphorodiesterprotected derivatives, Fmoc-Tyr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH, Fmoc-Ser(PO3Bzl,H)-OH and Fmoc-Thr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH, was examined through the test synthesis of Ala-Ser-Gln-Gly-Xxx(PO3H2)-Leu-Glu-Asp-Pro-Ala-NH2 (Xxx=Tyr, Ser, Thr) using the Multipin method of multiple peptide synthesis. The coupling methods examined were (1) PyBrop/DIEA; (2) BOP/HOBt/NMM; (3) BOP/HOBt/DIEA; (4) HBTU/HOBt/DIEA; (5) HATU/HOAt/DIEA; (6) HATU/DIEA; (7) DIC/HOBt; (8) DIC/HOBt/DIEA; (9)DIC/HOAt; (10) DIC/HOAt/DIEA. While all four DIC-based coupling procedures resulted in incomplete incorporation, both the HBTU/HOBt/DIEA and HATU/HOAt/DIEA coupling procedures provided most efficient incorporation of the three Fmoc-Xxx (PO3Bzl,H)-OH derivatives. In the subsequent synthesis of the α-helical Tyr(P)-peptide, Glu-Thr-Gly-The-Lys-Ala-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr(PO3H2)-Glu-Ala-Thr-His-Lys-NH2, analysis of the crude peptide by electrospray MS confirmed that several residue deletions had occurred but that complete incorporation of the Tyr(P)-residue had been accomplished using HBTU/HOBt/DIEA coupling of Fmoc-Tyr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443622
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of phosphopeptides by the Multipinast method: Evaluation of coupling methods for the incorporation of Fmoc- Tyr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH, Fmoc- Ser(PO3Bzl,H)-OH and Fmoc- Thr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 6 (1999), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: Multipin multiple peptide synthesis ; phosphopeptides ; Tyr(P)-containing peptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract astMultipin is a trademark of Chiron Technologies Pty. Ltd., Clayton, Victoria, Australia. The efficiency of various coupling methods for the incorporation of the three monobenzyl phosphorodiester-protected derivatives, Fmoc- Tyr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH, Fmoc-Ser(PO3Bzl,H)-OH and Fmoc-Thr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH, was examined through the test synthesis of Ala-Ser-Gln-Gly-Xxx(PO3H2)-Leu- Glu-Asp-Pro-Ala-NH2 (Xxx = Tyr, Ser, Thr) using the Multipin method of multiple peptide synthesis. The coupling methods examined were (1) PyBrop/DIEA; (2) BOP/HOBt/NMM; (3) BOP/HOBt/DIEA; (4) HBTU/HOBt/DIEA; (5) HATU/HOAt/DIEA; (6) HATU/DIEA; (7) DIC/HOBt; (8) DIC/HOBt/DIEA; (9) DIC/HOAt; (10) DIC/HOAt/DIEA. While all four DIC-based coupling procedures resulted in incomplete incorporation, both the HBTU/HOBt/DIEA and HATU/HOAt/DIEA coupling procedures provided most efficient incorporation of the three Fmoc- Xxx(PO3Bzl,H)-OH derivatives. In the subsequent synthesis of the α-helical Tyr(P)-peptide, Glu-Thr-Gly-The-Lys- Ala-Glu-Leu-Leu-Ala-Lys-Tyr(PO3H2)-Glu-Ala-Thr- His-Lys-NH2, analysis of the crude peptide by electrospray MS confirmed that several residue deletions had occurred but that complete incorporation of the Tyr(P)-residue had been accomplished using HBTU/HOBt/DIEA coupling of Fmoc- Tyr(PO3Bzl,H)-OH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008823924135
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Binding of an antifreeze polypeptide to an ice/water interface via computer simulation (1995)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 959-973 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The interaction between a winter flounder antifreeze polypeptide and an ice/water interface was studied using Molecular Dynamics computer simulation techniques to study the mechanism of action of this class of antifreeze molecules. Simple Point Charge models were used for the water molecules, and a molecular mechanics program (CHARMM) was used to construct the model for the polypeptide. A (2021) face was exposed on the ice surface, as this is believed to be the experimentally favored ice face for peptide binding. The polypeptide binds strongly to the ice surface even though it was placed with its four polar threonine (Thr) groups pointing away from the ice surface. This tested the previously advanced hypothesis that adsorption occurs primarily between these groups and the ice due to a matching of the spacing between oxygen atoms in the ice lattice and the polar Thr residues. As well as contacts with other polar groups on the peptide, the binding to the ice produces a good steric fit of the peptide with the corrugated ice interface. The presence of the peptide did not induce any melting of the ice at 200 K.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690410426
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surfactant and particle size reduction on hydrolysis of deinking sludge and nonrecyclable newsprint (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulase ; newsprint ; deinking sludge ; surfactant ; hydrolysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disposal of sludge from deinking mills represents a significant proportion of operating costs. Bioconversion of the cellulosic fraction of deinking sludge (DIS) to ethanol greatly reduces disposal costs while producing an environmentally friendly fuel. In this study, the cellulosic fraction of newsprint and deinking sludge was hydrolysed to produce fermentable sugars. For newsprint, a particle size of 1 to 1.5 mm provided optimal reaction rates in batch reactors over practical hydrolysis times, and reducing sugar concentrations as high as 35 g/L could be achieved using a fed-batch reactor configuration. For both newsprint and DIS, the hydrolysis rate increased nonlinearly with enzyme loading. Tween-80 only marginally improved sugar production but was able to release sugars from cellulosic substrates in the absence of lytic enzymes, in an amount proportional to the surfactant concentration and the substrate particle size. DIS was relatively recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, possibly due in part to inhibition by hydrophobic constituents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of simulated low earth orbit radiation on polyimides (UV degradation study) (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1847-1856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: UV degradation of polyimide films in air and vacuum were studied using UV-visible, ESR, FTIR, and XPS spectroscopies. The UV-visible spectra of polyimide films showed a blue shift in the absorption compared to Kapton. This behavior was attributed to the presence of bulky groups and kinks along the polymer chains which disrupt the formation of a charge-transfer complex. The UV-visible spectra showed also that UV irradiation of polyimides result extensively in surface degradation, leaving the bulk of the polymer intact. ESR spectra of polyimides irradiated in vacuum revealed the formation of stable carbon-centered radicals which give a singlet ESR spectrum, while polyimides irradiated in air produced an asymmetric signal shifted to a lower magnetic field, with a higher g value and line width. This signal was attributed to oxygen-centered radicals of peroxy and/or alkoxy type. The rate of radical formation in air was twofold higher than for vacuum irradiation and reached a plateau after a short time. This suggests a continuous depletion of radicals on the surface via an ablative degradation process. FTIR, XPS, and weight loss studies supported this postulate. An XPS study of the surface indicated a substantial increase in the surface oxidation after irradiation in air. The sharp increase in the C—O binding energy peak relative to the C—C peak was believed to be associated with an aromatic ring-opening reaction. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581023
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the interfacial mass transfer coefficient of vinyl acetate monomer diffusion into poly(vinyl acetate) and polystyrene latex particles stabilized with different stabilization mechanisms using a vapor phase addition method (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 279-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A vapor phase monomer addition method was used to measure the monomer transfer rate into latex particles. The classical mathematical model for the diffusion process was used to calculate the overall mass transfer coefficients of monomer between the vapor and the water phases, and between the water and the polymer particle phases. At the initial stage of the monomer transfer into the glassy polystyrene latex particles at 60°C, the rate-determining step was the monomer transfer inside the polymer. As more monomer transferred into the latex particles and the glass transition temperature of the swollen latex particles decreased below the experimental temperature, the rate-determining step became the monomer transfer across the interfacial surfactant layer. This transition was not observed with poly(vinyl acetate) latex, which was rubbery at the experimental temperature. The diffusion coefficients calculated were in the order of 10-13 to 10-14 cm2/s. These low values correspond to molecular diffusion of small molecules through a solid or glassy membrane. This was attributed to the resistance of the adsorbed surfactant layer. The mass transfer rates into latex particles stabilized with ionic, nonionic surfactants, and a water-soluble polymer were compared. In the case of the ionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, when a large amount of electrolyte was added, the mass transfer rate decreased compared to the electrolyte addition free case. This was attributed to the formation of a “condensed” layer of adsorbed surfactant. Adsorbed nonionic surfactant or water-soluble polymer showed larger resistance to monomer transport compared to the ionic surfactant layer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface properties of fluorinated polyimides exposed to VUV and atomic oxygen (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1857-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of atomic oxygen flux and VUV radiation alone and in combination on the surface of fluorinated polyimide films was studied using XPS spectroscopy. Exposure of fluorinated polyimides to VUV radiation alone caused no observable damage to the polymer surface, while an atomic oxygen flux resulted in substantial oxidation of the surface. On the other hand, exposure to VUV radiation and atomic oxygen in combination caused extensive oxidation of the polymer surface after only 2 min of exposure. The amount of oxidized carbon on the polymer surface indicated that there is aromatic ring-opening oxidation. The changes in the O1s/C1s, N1s/C1s, and F1s/C1s ratios suggested that an ablative degradation process is highly favorable. A synergistic effect of VUV radiation in the presence of atomic oxygen is clearly evidenced from the XPS study. The atomic oxygen could be considered as the main factor in the degradation process of fluorinated polyimide films exposed to a low earth orbit environment. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581024
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mediated amperometric detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at a poly(vinyl chloride) covered electrode using 1,4-benzoquinone and diaphorase (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; Benzoquinone ; Diaphorase ; NADH ; Redox mediator ; Amperometric detection ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), produced from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was catalytically oxidized using diaphorase and 1, 4-benzoquinone to yield 1, 4-hydroquinone. This benzoquinone redox mediator was readily detected at an electrode polarized at +0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) so avoiding the high overpotentials required for a direct electrochemical measurement of NADH. Also, the lipophilic nature of the hydroquinone enabled a novel high selectivity plasticized PVC membrane mounted over the electrode to be exploited. The mediator/PVC combination achieved NADH calibration linear up to at least 100 μM. When used to assay G6PDH activity, a linear calibration from 0.1-1.0 U/mL was produced. The detection system offers the possibility of highly selective measurement of dehydrogenase enzyme activity in biological samples without sample preparation and could provide the basis for simplified homogeneous immunoassays as well as dehydrogenase amperometric enzyme electrodes.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070303
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