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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogenase Structure and Function: A Biochemical-Genetic Perspective (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 49 (1995), S. 335-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.002003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune-complex disease: A link between viral infection and sudden infant death? (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 500-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of complications following laparoscopic hernioplasty (1995)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 9 (1995), S. 16-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopy ; Hernioplasty ; Technique ; Complications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Smaller individual series on the outcome of laparoscopic hernioplasty techniques have been reported. This study reports on the complications of 3,229 laparoscopic hernia repairs performed by the authors in 2,559 patients. The TAPP (transabdominal preperitoneal) technique was the most frequently performed: 1,944 (60%). The totally preperitoneal technique was performed 578 (18%) times. The IPOM (intraperitoneal onlay mesh) repair was performed 345 (11%) times. The plug-and-patch technique was used 286 (9%) times and simple closure of the hernia defect without mesh was used in 76 (2%) repairs. Overall, there were 336 (10%) complications: 17 (0.5%) major and 265 (8%) minor. There were 54 (1.6%) recurrences, with a mean follow-up of 22 months. The TAPP technique had 19 (1%) recurrences and 141 (7%) complications. There were four bowel obstructions in this subgroup from herniation of small bowel through the peritoneal closure and trocar sites. The totally preperitoneal technique had no recurrence and 60 (10%) complications. The IPOM group had 7 (2%) recurrences and 47 (14%) complications. The plug-and-patch technique had 26 (9%) recurrences and 24 (8%) complications. The simple closure of the internal ring had 2 (3%) recurrences and 10 (13%) complications. Laparoscopic hernioplasty is not without complications. Training, experience, and attention to technique will prevent some of these complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187878
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A contemporaneous comparison of hospital charges for laparoscopic and open Nissen fundoplication (1995)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 9 (1995), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopy cost-effectiveness ; Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication ; Cost analysis ; Gastroesophageal reflux disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is increasingly recognized as a costeffective alternative to long-term medical therapy. This fact, coupled with the advent of laparoscopic fundoplication as a safe and efficacious alternative to open surgery, underscores the importance of determining the costs associated with laparoscopic treatment. Hospital costs and charges of patients undergoing open (N=9) and laparoscopic (N=11) fundoplication were retrospectively analyzed. Both procedures were performed during the same time period (6/91–6/93), at the same hospital, and by the same surgical team. Operative time, and hospital stay, were recorded in addition to total, operating room, anesthesia, sterile supplies, and hospital room charges. Figures are reported as mean values ± standard error of the mean. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparison of groups. Operative time (221±18 vs 165±12 min, P=0.033) was longer in the laparoscopic group, while hospital stay (5.8±02 vs 8.8±04 days, P〈0.001) was significantly shorter. Total hospital costs were similar for both groups of patients ($14,615±863 vs $15,891±921, P=0.247). Overall hospital charges were nearly identical ($26,634±1376 vs $27,189±1753, P=0.803). A detailed analysis demonstrated cost shifting, with laparoscopic fundoplication resulting in significantly higher charges associated with events in the operating room. Operating room ($6,064±252 vs $4,283±380, P=0.001), sterile supplies ($6,214±508 vs $5,403±390), and anesthesia charges ($1,593±76 vs $1,122±95, P〈0.001) were all greater in the laparoscopic group. This was offset by significantly lower hospital-room charges following laparoscopy ($5,098±355 vs $6,983±511, P=0.006). Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is not more expensive than its open counterpart. At present, laparoscopy results in higher operating-room charges which offsets savings from a shorter hospital stay. Improvements in technique and attention to limiting the cost of sterile supplies may ultimately result in a cost savings in favor of laparoscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191956
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual assessment of visual perception by surgeons observing the same laparoscopic organs with various imaging systems (1995)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 9 (1995), S. 967-973 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Video laparoscopy ; Imaging systems ; Visual perception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Laparoscopic surgery necessitates that operations be performed via a television screen; therefore, image quality is crucial in determining the final outcome. Electronic imaging systems are constantly undergoing revisions and incorporating new ideas. Recently, we have been confronted with a variety of systems, and we, as operators, have no idea what the differences are between the old and the newer systems. As clinicians, we have no electronic yardstick available to compare the options presented or to check the specifications. This study examines critical aspects of image perception. General surgeons, gynecologists, operating-room nurses, as well as allied health personnel all experienced in laparoscopic surgery participated as test subjects. A blinded study was performed in which various camera systems (single chip, three-chip, digitized and nondigitized) were displayed in random fashion. Porcine abdominal areas were displayed using the various imaging units. Participants graded image perception based on the following characteristics: sharpness, color, contrast, and depth of field. The audience were blinded to the types, brand, and number of cameras utilized. A significant preference was shown for digitized systems (P〈0.0001). Also, digitized single-chip cameras scored higher than three-chip cameras (P〈0.05). We propose thorough testing by surgeons and nursing personnel before deciding what type of equipment to purchase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00188452
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intraluminal surgical approach to the management of gastric bezoars (1995)
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 9 (1995), S. 831-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Trichobezoar ; Gastrostomy ; Laparoscope instrument ; Foam-rubber stent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Trichobezoars are difficult to remove endoscopically, often cause nausea and vomiting, and can result in small-bowel obstruction. A patient with a trichobezoar presented to our clinic with symptoms of partial small-bowel obstruction. Multiple attempts at flexible endoscopic removal were unsuccessful. Two large-diameter percutaneous gastrostomies with an inflatable balloon and distal foam-rubber stent to assure intragastric positioning were introduced under general anesthesia. Visualization was provided by a 0° panavision laparoscope placed through one of the gastrostomies. The bezoar was removed through the second gastrostomy using standard laparoscopic instruments. The patient made an uneventful recovery. This is the first reported case of percutaneous removal of a trichobezoar. We conclude large-diameter gastrostomies may serve as a port of access for numerous other intraluminal procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190094
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence characterization of ENU-induced mutants of glucose phosphate isomerase in mouse (1995)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 6 (1995), S. 858-861 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Four of five mutations producing GPI1 null lethal phenotypes in the homozygous state, which were previously identified from the offspring of male mice, spermatogonially treated with N-ethyl N-nitrosourea (ENU), have been characterized at the nucleotide level by reverse transcription of RNA from heterozygotes for mutant and wild-type alleles and cycle sequencing with cDNA-derived primers. In three of the mutations studied, a single nucleotide substitution, altering the predicted amino acid on translation, was observed in the mutant allele. In Gii1-s am1Hamino acid residue 277, TCA Ser (wild type), is altered to CCA Pro, and in Gpi1-s bm3Hand Gpi1-s bm4Hamino acid residue 510 Asp GAC (wild type) is altered to GGC Gly. These ENU-induced mutations occur at A-T base pairs in agreement with the current view of the mechanism of action for this mutagen. These changes also occur at residues implicated as being important in the catalytic functioning of the enzyme, from crystallographic studies, and may explain the loss of enzyme function. The fourth identified mutation, Gpi1-s bm2H, is a deletion of amino acid residues Arg134 to Leu162 inclusive, which may arise from incorrect splicing of mRNA; a fifth mutation has remained undetermined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292435
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence characterization of alleles Gpi1-s a and Gpi1-s b at the glucose phosphate isomerase structural locus (1995)
    Springer
    Mammalian genome 6 (1995), S. 537-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The sequences of alleles Gpil-s a and Gpi1-s b at the glucose phosphate isomerase structural locus have been determined from cDNA of the mouse inbred strains 101/H Gpi1-s a and C3H/HeH Gpi1-s b by TR PCR and direct sequencing of the amplified products. Four individual nucleotide differences were observed between the two alleles. The difference at amino acid residue 94, (Gpi1-s a GAT Asp, Gpi1-s b AAT Asn) may account for the differing electrophoretic migration, isoelectric point, and thermostability of the two alleles. Two of the other observed differences in the coding region (amino acid residue 12 Leu, Gpi1-s a CTC, Gpi1-s b CTG and amino acid residue 17 Arg, Gpi1-s a CGC, Gpi1-s b CGT) are silent and do not affect the predicted amino acid residues on translation. The fourth observed difference is located within the 3′ noncoding sequences of the cDNA. The change at amino acid residue 94 is associated with the presence of a Hinf1 restriction site in Gpi1-s b, which is absent in Gpi1-s a, and may be a useful method for determining this marker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356172
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypothesis: The risk of childhood leukemia is related to combinations of power-frequency and static magnetic fields (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 16 (1995), S. 48-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: electromagnetic fields ; extremely low frequency ; case-control study ; static magnetic field ; magnetic resonance ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: We present a hypothesis that the risk of childhood leukemia is related to exposure to specific combinations of static and extremely-low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields. Laboratory data from calcium efflux and diatom mobility experiments were used with the gyromagnetic equation to predict combinations of 60 Hz and static magnetic fields hypothesized to enhance leukemia risk. The laboratory data predicted 19 bands of the static field magnitude with a bandwidth of 9.1 μT that, together with 60 Hz magnetic fields, are expected to have biological activity. We then assessed the association between this exposure metric and childhood leukemia using data from a case-control study in Los Angeles County. ELF and static magnetic fields were measured in the bedrooms of 124 cases determined from a tumor registry and 99 controls drawn from friends and random digit dialing. Among these subjects, 26 cases and 20 controls were exposed to static magnetic fields lying in the predicted bands of biological activity centered at 38.0 μT and 50.6 μT. Although no association was found for childhood leukemia in relation to measured ELF or static magnetic fields alone, an increasing trend of leukemia risk with measured ELF fields was found for subjects within these static field bands (P for trend = 0.041). The odds ratio (OR) was 3.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4-30.5] for subjects exposed to static fields within the derived bands and to ELF magnetic field above 0.30 μT (compared to subjects exposed to static fields outside the bands and ELF magnetic fields below 0.07 μT). When the 60 Hz magnetic fields were assessed according to the Wertheimer-Leeper code for wiring configurations, leukemia risks were again greater with the hypothesized exposure conditions (OR = 9.2 for very high current configurations within the static field bands: 95% CI = 1.3-64.6). Although the risk estimates are based on limited magnetic field measurements for a small number of subjects, these findings suggest that the risk of childhood leukemia may be related to the combined effects of the static and ELF magnetic fields. Further tests of the hypothesis are proposed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250160111
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