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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 9918-9928 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Inter- and intramolecular vibrations of the Phenol dimer have been examined using spectral hole burning and dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy. The dispersed fluorescence spectra have been recorded via excitation of the electronic donor origin and all intermolecular vibrational transitions. The Franck–Condon intensity pattern allowed a straightforward assignment of the ground state vibrational frequencies to the excited state frequencies, which were examined by hole-burning spectroscopy. The existence of another conformer that possibly absorbs in the region of interest was ruled out by hole-burning spectroscopy. For obtaining the hole-burning spectra, the electronic origin of the donor chromophore was analyzed, while the hole-burning laser was scanned over the region of interest. As both acceptor and donor part belong to one molecule the hole-burning signal could be analyzed via fluorescence from one of the chromophores. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intermolecular vibrations of phenol(CH3OH)1 and its deuterated isotopomer d-phenol(CD3OD)1 were examined by comparing the vibrational frequencies of the electronic ground and excited state with the results of ab initio normal mode calculations at the Hartree–Fock level, using the 4-31G* and 6-31G** basis sets. Full energy minimization showed a translinear structure similar to phenol(H2O)1 or to the water dimer. Dispersed fluorescence spectra have been recorded via excitation of the electronic cluster origin and several intermolecular vibrational transitions. The Franck–Condon intensity pattern allowed an assignment of the ground state vibrational frequencies to the excited state frequencies, which were examined by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and hole burning spectroscopy. The existence of another conformer that possibly absorbs in the region of interest was ruled out by hole burning spectroscopy of the phenol(CH3OH)1 cluster. A full assignment of all intermolecular vibrations of this hydrogen bonded cluster in the S0 state could be given for the first time on the basis of ab initio calculations and a combination of different spectroscopical methods. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Peripheral myelin protein PMP-22 is expressed by Schwann cells and is a constituent of peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin. Two PMP-22 transcripts, SR73 and CD25, differing in their 5’non-coding sequences have been described. SR73 is present both in the PNS and in non-neural tissue, whereas CD25 mRNA is almost exclusively expressed in Schwann cells. PMP-22 mRNA is also present in the central nervous system (CNS), but at much lower levels than in the PNS. We have investigated the regional distribution of PMP-22 mRNA in the rat and mouse CNS by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method, using oligonucleotide primers specific for the SR73 or CD25 transcripts. SR73 mRNA was detected in all the CNS regions analysed, whereas the CD25 message was present only in the brainstem and the spinal cord. Localization of the PMP-22 transcripts, determined by in situ hybridization in 21 day-old animals, showed selective expression in the motor nuclei. The PMP-22 signal was very weak in the nuclei of the oculomotor and trochlear nerves and absent in the nucleus of the abducens nerve. A strong PMP-22 signal was observed in the motor nuclei of the trigeminal, facial, ambigus, vagus, hypoglossal and accessory spinal nerves and in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The PMP-22-positive cells were identified as motoneurons on the basis of topographic and morphological criteria, as well as immunolabelling with neuron-specific antibodies. Immunostaining with specific anti-PMP-22 antibodies demonstrated that neurons expressing the PMP-22 message also expressed the corresponding protein in their cell bodies and axons. In contrast, neurons in the sensory nuclei of cranial nerves and dorsal root ganglion neurons were PMP-22-negative. In the trembler mouse, a PNS dysmyelinating mutant with a missense mutation in PMP-22, the motoneuronal expression of PMP-22 mRNA was either normal or increased.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Dental traumatology 11 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0595
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of root canal filling pastes containing calcium oxide resp. calcium hydroxide on the alkalinity of extracted human teeth was investigated using a colour indicator (cresol red). An aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide (Pulpdent), which is normally used for temporary root canal filling, most consistently produced alkalinity. Removal of the smear layer following instrumentation of the root canal led to increased proportion of alkaline-positive spots in dentinal locations distant from the canal. A clearly smaller effect was found with a calcium salicylate cement (Sealapex) and an oil-paste (Gangraena Merz), both of which are available for definite root canal fillings. Following removal of the smear layer, these hard-setting preparations caused moderate alkalinity in dentin adjacent to the canal but no effect was observed in locations more distant from the canal. Neither at locations adjacent to nor distant from the root canal was alkalinity found when another calcium salicylate cement (Apexit) was used. Apparently the release of hydroxyl ions into root dentin from calcium hydroxide containing root canal filling materials is not solely influenced by the absolute amount of calcium hydroxide, but also depends on other ingredients which variably inhibit the release of these ions.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, a total of 619 subgingival and extracrevicular samples from 66 early-onset periodontitis, 42 adult periodontitis/gingivitis and 36 treated Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis patients were selectively cultivated for presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The organism was recovered from 68% cases with early-onset periodontitis, 24% cases with adult periodontitis/gingivitis and 50% of treated patients. Associations between recovery from pooled subgingival plaque and samples from extracrevicular locations as well as between different extracrevicular samples, were not heterogeneous with regard to different groups with the exception for cheek/saliva comparisons (odds ratios: early-onset periodontitis 825; adult periodontitis 8.1; treated patients 117; 0.05〈p〈0.1). For associations between recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans from pooled subgingival plaque/extracrevicular samples, Mantel-Haenszel's odds ratios of between 12.2 and 21.6 were calculated (p〈0.0001). The organism was isolated from 17 cheek mucosa samples of 18 patients identified as still harboring the organism after therapy. Present results point to the considerable value of cheek mucosa samples especially in treated patients to diagnose persistent A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization of the oral cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study, data from more than 550 periodontally diseased patients with more than 1100 furcation invasions were retrospectively analysed. There were apparent differences in the distribution of different furcation degrees in patient populations treated by 2 differently experienced operators. However, treatment modality patterns were rather similar. Scaling during periodontal flap surgery was the most often performed treatment procedure in degree I (97–98%) and II (75–83%) involvements. About 44% of degree III involved teeth were extracted. In order to determine the influence of degree of furcation involvement, tooth type and operator variability on treatment modality, logistic regression analysis was applied. Degree of furcation involvement was an important indicator variable in all models, Scaling as a sole measure was mainly performed in relation to degree I of furcation involvement. With every increase in degree, the odds of scaling decreased by factor 12.7. The odds of root resection was upper 1st molars 46x higher than in wisdom teeth or lower 2nd molars with the same degree of involvement, but only 3.3x higher than in lower 1st molars. Tunnel preparation as well as regenerative procedures were mainly confined to lower molars. Operator variability was only introduced as a covariate in the extraction model. Hence, despite of different operator skill and severity of periodontal disease in treated populations, decision for one or the other treatment modality seems to depend essentially on degree of furcation involvement as well as tooth type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 206-213 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Fischöl ; Olivenöl ; Überernährung ; Sauen ; Energiebilanz ; Thermogenese ; Gaswechsel ; Fish oil ; olive oil ; overfeeding ; sows ; energy balance ; thermogenesis ; gaseous exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A trial on total metabolism was conducted in eight nonpregnant, nonlactating sows over eight periods, each of 16 days duration, to measure potential fatty acid induced thermogenesis. During the first and last experimental periods, the animals received a basal ration which just covered the energy maintenance requirement. In the second to seventh periods supplements of olive oil, fish oil, or puffed wheat starch as reference nutrient were added to the diet in random sequence at two levels up to 50 % above the maintenance requirement. All rations were calculated with reference to the sows' initial weight and remained quantitatively unchanged throughout the experiment. The animals were fed twice daily. During each metabolism period a complete energy balance was assessed for all sows by means of collection technique (feed, feces, urine), and 48-h measurements of the gas exchange in a respiration chamber. The sows' body mass increased linearly during the course of the experiment by 5.8 kg per period. The three supplement types had no influence on the animals' final body weight, wich averaged 205.5 kg with the starch supplement, 204.8 kg with olive oil, and 205.8 kg with fish oil. Energy digestibility (DE/GE) was 100 % for all three supplements, and metabolizability of energy (ME/GE) one percentage point less. Carbon and energy depositions showed a pronounced linear relationship to the level of supplementation and were also influenced by the type of supplement. Heat production was 20.9 MJ/d after feeding the basal ration alone and, taking the average of the two supplementation levels, 21.6 MJ for the starch supplement, 21.0 MJ for olive oil, and 20.6 MJ for fish oil. The relationship between energy deposition and the supply of ME resulted in regression coefficients of 0.9 MJ/MJ after feeding starch and 1.0 MJ/MJ after feeding the two oils. It can be concluded from these results that supplementation of the diet with fat containing mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids above the energetic maintenance requirement under conditions of severely restricted movement (respiration chamber) has no influence on thermogenesis and consequently causes a deposition of energy equivalent to the amount supplied with the dietary fat.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Messung einer fettsäureninduzierten Thermogenese wurde ein Gesamtstoffwechselversuch mit 8 nichtgraviden, nichtlaktierenden Sauen über 8 Perioden von jeweils 16 Tagen Dauer durchgeführt. Die Tiere erhielten in der ersten und letzten Versuchsperiode eine den energetischen Erhaltungsbedarf deckende Grundration. In Periode 2 bis 7 wurden in zufälliger Reihenfolge Olivenöl, Fischöl bzw. als Referenznährstoff Weizenquellstärke in jeweils 2 Mengenstufen bis 50 % über das Erhaltungsniveau zugelegt. Alle Rationen wurden aufgrund der Anfangsmasse der Sauen eingestellt und über den gesamten Versuch in unveränderter Menge beibehalten. Die Fütterung erfolgte zweimal täglich. Von allen Tieren wurde in jeder Stoffwechselperiode eine vollständige Bilanzmessung mit Sammeltechnik (Futter, Kot, Harn) und 48stündiger Messung des Gaswechsels in der Respirationskammer durchgeführt. Die Körpermasse der Sauen stieg im Versuchsablauf linear um 5,8 kg je Zulageperiode an. Die drei Zulagearten hatten keinen Einfluß auf die Körpermasse der Tiere, sie wogen im Mittel bei Stärkezulage 205,5 kg, bei Olivenöl und Fischöl 204,8 bzw. 205,8 kg. Die Verdaulichkeit der Energie (DE/GE) betrug bei allen drei Zulagen 100 %, die Umsetzbarkeit der Energie (ME/GE) einen Prozentpunkt weniger. Der Kohlenstoffund Energieansatz zeigte eine ausgeprägte lineare Abhängigkeit zur Zulagenhöhe sowie einen signifikanten Effekt der Zulagenart. Die Wärmebildung betrug bei alleiniger Fütterung der Grundration 20,9 MJ und im Mittel der beiden Zulagestufen bei Stärkefütterung 21,6 MJ und bei Olivenöl und Fischöl 21,0 bzw. 20,6 MJ/d. Die Abhängigkeit des Energieansatzes von der Zufuhr an ME ergab Regressionskoeffizienten von 0,9 MJ/MJ bei Verabreichung von Stärke und 1,0 MJ/MJ bei Fütterung der beiden Öle. Aus den Ergebnissen ist zu folgern, daß eine Zulage von Fetten mit einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren über dem energetischen Erhaltungsbedarf unter der Bedingung stark eingeschränkter Bewegungsaktivität (Respirationskammer) keinen Einfluß auf die Thermogenese und somit einen energetischen Ansatz entsprechend der zugeführten Energie des Nahrungsfettes bewirkt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 34 (1995), S. 143-150 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Fischöl ; Olivenöl ; Sauen ; Energiebilanz ; Thermogenese ; Gaswechsel ; Fish oil ; olive oil ; sows ; energy balance ; thermogenesis ; gaseous exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary An animal model experiment was conducted with nine adult sows to study the effect of olive oil and fish oil (40 % polyunsaturated fatty acids) on thermogenesis compared to wheat starch as control. The treatments were given to each animal according to a latin square design. The basal diet (20 g DM/kg W0.75) was mainly based on barley and soybean meal, and matched 60 % of the ME requirements with all the other nutrients meeting maintenance requirements. The isoenergetic supplements amounted to 176 kJ gross energy per kg W0.75 and day. During each experimental period a complete energy balance was recorded for each animal using indirect calorimetry technique (RQ-method) as well as the carbonnitrogen-balance technique. The treatments did not influence the digestibility of the rations. Digestibility of energy and of carbon averaged 83.4 % and 83.3 %, respectively. All three supplements were nearly completly digested as calculated by the difference method. Fish oil increased urine energy and decreased CH4 production, the shifts, however, were in absolute terms very small. The mean O2 consumption was 1 002 l/d showing no significant treatment effects. CO2 production was lowered with olive oil by 10 %, and with fish oil by 13 % compared to the starch diet. The daily heat production was 20.95, 20.72, and 20.04 MJ when starch, olive oil or fish oil was given. Corrected for equal energy retention the difference of thermogenesis between olive oil and starch was −0.4 MJ/d, and between fish oil and starch −1.2 MJ/d. These differences corresponded to a relation of starch:olive oil:fish oil=1:0.95:0.86. The relation between starch and olive oil reflected exactly the theoretical expectation, calculated from the ATP regeneration by oxidation of both nutrients. When fish oil was added, the daily heat production was lower than theoretically calculated, which might be interpreted as an effect on the metabolic rate in general rather than especially on the efficiency of ATP formation from fish oil oxidation. In any case, there was no hint of a facultative thermogenesis induced by the oils.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der kalorimetrischen Bilanztechnik wurde an 9 Sauen nach dem Schema eines lateinischen Quadrates die Wirkung von Olivenöl und Fischöl im Vergleich zu Weizenquellstärke auf die Thermogenese im Erhaltungsstoffwechsel gemessen. Die zu prüfenden Nährstoffe wurden einer Basisration (20 g TM/kg W0,75) zugelegt, die auf 60 % des energetischen Erhaltungsbedarfs an umsetzbarer Energie ausgerichtet war. Die isoenergetischen Zulagen betrugen jeweils 176 kJ Bruttoenergie/kg W0,75. Von allen Tieren wurde in jeder Stoffwechselperiode eine vollständige Energiebilanz erfaßt. Die Versuchsbehandlung hatte keinen Einfluß auf die Verdaulichkeit der Rationen. Die mittleren VQ-Werte der Gesamtration betrugen 83,4 % für Energie und 83,3 % für Kohlenstoff. Die Energieverdaulichkeit der Zulagen betrug in allen Fällen um 100 %. Fischöl erhöhte signifikant die Harnenergie und verminderte die CH4-Bildung im Vergleich zu den beiden anderen Rationen. Allerdings waren diese Veränderungen absolut gesehen nur minimal. Der Sauerstoffverbrauch betrug im Mittel 1002 l/d und zeigte keine Behandlungsdifferenzen. Die CO2-Abgabe war bei Verabreichung von Olivenöl um 10 % und bei Fischöl um 13 % signifikant niedriger. Die tägliche Wärmebildung betrug 20,95, 20,72 bzw. 20,04 MJ bei Fütterung der Rationen mit Stärke, Olivenöl bzw. Fischöl. Auf der Basis gleicher Energieretention verglichen, betrug der Unterschied in der Thermogenese zwischen Olivenöldiät und Stärkediät −0,4 MJ/d, der zwischen Fischöldiät und Stärkediät −1,2 MJ/d. Dies entsprach einer Relation von Stärke:Olivenöl:Fischöl=1:0,95:0,86. Das Verhältnis zwischen Stärke:Olivenöl widerspiegelte genau die theoretische Erwartung aufgrund der ATP-Regenerierung durch Oxidation dieser beiden Nährstoffe. Fischöl (ca. 40 % mehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren) wies eine tendenziell niedrigere Thermogenese als theoretisch erwartet auf, was möglicherweise auf einer entsprechenden Absenkung des Erhaltungsumsatzes beruhte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die verwendeten Öle keine fakultative Thermogenese induzierten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 126 (1995), S. 341-347 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Chloroacetic acid chloride ; Phenylhydrazono acetamides ; Pyridines ; Pyridazin-5-ylpyridinium chlorides ; 4,5-Diamino-pyridazin-6(1H)-ones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Arylhydrazono acetamides1 react with chloroacetic acid chloride to give N-chloroacetyl derivatives2. Subsequent reaction with pyridines followed by ring closure yield 1-(4-amino-6-oxo-pyridazin-5-yl)-pyridinium chlorides3. Analogously, 1-(6-oxo-pyridazin-5-yl)-pyridinium chloride (5) and 6-oxo-5-pyridinio-pyridazin-4-olate (4) are formed from phenylhydrazono derivatives and pyridine. Treatment of3 and4 with hydrazinium hydrate gives 4,5-diamino-6-oxo-pyridazin-3-carbohydrazides6 and 5-amino-4-hydroxy-pyridazin-6(1H)-one (8). An analogous ring cleavage of3e and5 gives rise to 4,5-diamino- and 5-amino-pyridazin-6(1H)-ones7. On treatment of the pyridinium salts3 with caustic soda in water, nucleophilic addition of the amino group to the pyridinium ring takes place and stable dehydrated products9 are isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 353 (1995), S. 237-238 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 13.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Invariant cross sections for the production ofπ ±,K ±,p, andd inpBe interactions at 14.6 GeV/c are well reproduced by calculations carried out in the framework of the Rossendorf collision model.
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