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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Utilizing the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) in conjunction with x-ray and neutron reflectometry (NR) and diffraction, we have studied the magnetic coupling of Fe/Cr(001) superlattices grown at room temperature and 250 °C. Only the samples grown at elevated temperature exhibit noncollinear coupling of 5.0 nm Fe layers across 1.7 nm Cr interlayers. The noncollinear samples feature a less-disordered in-plane interfacial structure than those grown at room temperature. Using x-ray diffuse reflectivity, we have measured a length scale of 10 nm for these in-plane features. We have also observed, via NR, a remanent noncollinear coupling angle of 50° and, via MOKE and NR, a gradual approach to saturation at upwards of 7 kOe. These features can be explained qualitatively by the proximity magnetism model of Slonczewski. We will compare the predictions of both the proximity and bilinear/biquadratic models with our data and present the results of ongoing neutron measurements of the temperature dependence of the coupling. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Hypoxia ; Neocortex ; KATP channels ; Purine nucleotides ; Pyrimidine nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a first series of experiments, intracellular recordings were made from pyramidal cells in layers II–III of the rat primary somatosensory cortex. Superfusion of the brain slice preparations with hypoxic medium (replacement of 95% O2–5% CO2 with 95% N2–5% CO2) for up to 30 min led to a time-dependent depolarization (HD) without a major change in input resistance. Short periods of hypoxia (5 min) induced reproducible depolarizations which were concentration-dependently depressed by an agonist of ATP-dependent potassium (KATP) channels, diazoxide (3–300 µM). The effect of 30 but not 300 µM diazoxide was reversed by washout. Tolbutamide (300 µM), an antagonist of KATP channels, did not alter the HD when given alone. It did, however, abolish the inhibitory effect of diazoxide (30 µM) on the HD. Neither diazoxide (3–300 µM) nor tolbutamide (300 µM) influenced the membrane potential or the apparent input resistance of the neocortical pyramidal cells. Current-voltage (I-V) curves constructed at a membrane potential of –90 mV by injecting both de- and hyperpolarizing current pulses were not altered by diazoxide (30 µM) or tolbutamide (300 µM). Moreover, normoxic and hypoxic I-V curves did not cross each other, excluding a reversal of the HD at any membrane potential between –130 and –50 mV. The hypoxia-induced change of the I-V relation was the same both in the absence and presence of tolbutamide (300 µM). In a second series of experiments, nucleoside di- and triphosphates separated with anion exchange HPLC were measured in the neocortical slices. After 5 min of hypoxia, levels of nucleoside triphosphates declined by 29% (GTP), 34% (ATP), 44% (UTP) and 58% (CTP). By contrast, the levels of nucleoside diphosphates either did not change (UDP) or increased by 13% (GDP) and 40% (ADP). In slices subjected to 30 min of hypoxia the triphosphate levels continued to decrease, while the levels of GDP and ADP returned to control values. The tri- to diphosphate ratios progressively declined for ATP/ADP and GTP/GDP, but not for UTP/UDP when the duration of hypoxia was increased from 5 to 30 min. Hence, the rapid fall in the ratios of nucleoside tri- to diphosphates without the induction of a potassium current failed to indicate an allosteric regulation of a plasmalemmal KATP channel by purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Diazoxide had no effect on neocortical pyramidal neurons and was effective only in combination with a hypoxic stimulus; it is suggested that both plasmalemmal and mitochondrial KATP channels are involved under these conditions. The hypoxic depolarization may be due to blockade of K+,Na+-ATPase by limitation of energy supplying substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 69 (1998), S. 873-878 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stammganglienverkalkung ; Hypoparathyreoidismus ; Alport-Syndrom ; Kalzium-Stoffwechsel ; Key words Basal ganglia calcification ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Alport-Syndrome ; Calcium-metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In most patients with basal ganglia calcification no disturbance of calcium metabolism is present. We present four patients with basal ganglia calcification. Two suffered from a secondary hypoparathyroidism following a complicated strumectomy years ago, one had an Alport-Syndrome and hypoparathyroidism. Her mother showed basal ganglia calcification and an abortive Alport-Syndrome as well, but no hypoparathyroidism.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei den meisten Patienten mit Stammganglienverkalkung läßt sich keine Störung des Kalziumstoffwechsels nachweisen. Wir stellen 4 Patienten mit Stammganglienverkalkungen vor. Bei 2 Patienten lag ein sekundärer Hypoparathyreoidismus bei Zustand nach komplizierter Strumektomie vor, bei einer weiteren ein Alport-Syndrom und Hypoparathyroidismus. Die Mutter letzterer Patientin zeigte ebenfalls Stammganglienverkalkungen und ein abortives Alport-Syndrom, aber keinen Hypoparathyreoidismus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 12 (1998), S. 305-309 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopy — Cholelithiasis — Spilled gallstones — Complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Abdominal abscess
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Spilled gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy may cause abscess formation, but the exact extent of this problem remains unclear. Method: The data (collected by the Swiss Association of Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery) on 10,174 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy at 82 surgical institutions in Switzerland between January 1992 and April 1995 were retrospectively analyzed with special interest in spilled gallstones and their complications. Results: In 581 cases (5.7%) spillage of gallstones occurred; 34 of these cases were primarily converted to an open procedure for stone retrieval. Of the remaining 547 cases only eight patients (0.08%) developed postoperatively abscess formation requiring reoperation. Conclusions: Spillage of gallstones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is fairly common and occurs in about 6% of patients. However, abscess formation with subsequent surgical therapy remains a minor problem. Removal of spilled gallstones is therefore not recommended for all patients, but an attempt at removal should be performed whenever possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: for different time periods. From time to time wood material was taken from the piles and disintegrated to chips using a ring flaker or pulped using the thermomechanical process and defibrated. Both chips and fibres were analysed chemically to detect any change in adhesion relevant properties, especially in pH-value, buffering capacity, amount of volatile acid content in the extractives. Moreover, the formaldehyde release and the emanation of volatile acids were assessed using the flask-method technique. The results led to the following conclusions: The pH-value of cold and hot water extractives of chips and fibres derived from saw mill residues increased slightly on seasoning of the residues. The hot extractives showed, however, lower pH-values and higher alkaline buffering capacities than the cold water extractives. The results of measuring the volatile acid content in extractives are in harmony with those of pH-value and buffering capacity. The content of volatile acids of fibres and flakes decreased on seasoning of saw mill residues as well as the release of volatile acids from flakes and fibres. Likewise, storage decreased the formaldehyde release from the chips on seasoning the saw mill residues. Pine flakes and fibres showed always lower pH-value, higher alkaline buffering capacity compared to Spruce chips and fibres. Moreover, the release of volatile acids from Pine flakes and fibres was much higher than from Spruce wood. The changes in adhesion related properties in saw mill residues of Pine wood were much pregnant than in Spruce.
    Notes: ) für mehrere Monate gelagert. Den Hackschnitzelhaufen wurde im mehrwöchigen Abstand Probenmaterial entnommen, das zum einen zerspant, zum anderen thermo-mechanisch aufgeschlossen wurde. Die getrockneten Holzspäne und -fasern wurden auf ihre verleimungsrelevanten chemischen Eigenschaften untersucht, welche im Verlauf der Hackschnitzellagerung deutlichen Veränderungen unterliegen. Die pH-Werte der kalt- und heißwässerigen Extrakte aus Fichten- und Kiefernspänen nehmen mit der Dauer der Hackschnitzellagerung gering zu. Die Heißwasserextrakte weisen stets einen geringeren pH-Wert auf als die Kaltwasserauszüge. Die Pufferkapazitäten der Heiß- und Kaltwasserextrakte nehmen mit fortschreitender Hackschnitzellagerung entsprechend ab. Im Einklang hiermit stehen die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Bestimmung der Acetatund Formiationen der Kaltwasserextrakte. Nach mehrwöchiger Hackschnitzellagerung nimmt der Gehalt an Acetat- und Formiationen in den kaltwässerigen Extrakten der Späne und Fasern ab. Die Fasern hatten stets einen höheren Acetat- und Formiationengehalt als die Späne. Ebenso wie die Abgabe flüchtiger Ameisen- und Essigsäure sank die Emission an Formaldehyd aus Spänen und Fasern beider Holzarten mit andauernder Hackschnitzellagerung. Die pH-Werte der Kiefernholzextrakte waren stets niedriger als die der Fichtenholzextrakte, die alkalische Pufferkapazität der Kiefernholzextrakte war entsprechend größer als die der Fichtenholzextrakte. Darüber hinaus lag der Gehalt der Acetatund Formiationen in den Extrakten der Kiefer deutlich höher als in denen der Fichte. Die Abgabe an Formaldehyd und flüchtigen Säuren aus Kiefernspänen und -fasern war höher als im Falle des Fichtenholzes. Die Veränderungen im Falle des Kiefernholzes waren besonders ausgeprägt. Insgesamt treten deutliche verleimungsrelevante Veränderungen im extraktstoffreichen Industrierestholz durch die Lagerung auf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 91 (1996), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Acidosis ; calcium ; hypercontracture ; reperfusion injury ; Na+/HCO3 − ; symporter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In ischemia the cytosol of cardiomyocytes acidifies; this is reversed upon reperfusion. One of the major pHi-regulating transport systems involved is the Na+/H+ exchanger. Inhibitors of the Na+/H+ exchanger have been found to more effectively protect ischemic-reperfused myocardium when administered before and during ischemia than during reperfusion alone. It has been hypothesized that the protection provided by pre-ischemic administration is due to a reduction in Na+ and secondary Ca2+ influx. Under reperfusion conditions Na+/H+ exchange inhibition also seems protective since it prolongs intracellular acidosis which can prevent hypercontracture. In detail, however, the mechanisms by which Na+/H+ exchange inhibition provides protection in ischemic-reperfused myocardium are still not fully identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1137-1138 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 22 (1996), S. 549-565 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: parallel computing ; multigrid method ; finite volume method ; block-structured grids ; incompressible flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a parallel multigrid finite volume solver for the prediction of steady and unsteady flows in complex geometries is presented. For the handling of the complexity of the geometry and for the parallelization a unified approach connected with the concept of block-structured grids is employed. The parallel implementation is based on grid partitioning with automatic load balancing and follows the message-passing concept, ensuring a high degree of portability. A high numerical efficiency is obtained by a non-linear multigrid method with a pressure correction scheme as smoother.By a number of numerical experiments on various parallel computers the method is investigated with respect to its numerical and parallel efficiency. The results illustrate that the high performance of the underlying sequential multigrid algorithm can largely be retained in the parallel implementation and that the proposed method is well suited for solving complex flow problems on parallel computers with high efficiency.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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