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  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1999  (5)
  • 1996  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of ion-implanted layers on MgO under ultrasonic cavitation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 2781-2787 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of ion implantation and ultrasonic cavitation on the near-surface region of MgO single crystals were investigated. For 150 keV, room-temperature implantations of Ar+ or K+ at 5×1016–1017 ions cm−2 into a (100)-oriented surface of MgO, a dilatometric swelling of the implanted layer is observed perpendicular to the implanted surface. When these strained surface layers are then subjected to an ultrasonic (∼20 kHz) cavitation treatment, uniform layers (∼100–200 nm) can be removed from the MgO surface in a controlled manner. The thickness of the removed layer is directly related to the duration of the ultrasonic irradiation, but does not exceed the depth of the implanted species. When MgO implanted with Ar+ or Kr+ at fluences of 5×1016–1017 ions cm−2 is subsequently irradiated with 2 MeV He+ ions at 1016–1017 ions cm−2, the region exposed to the He+ beam is effectively "stabilized'' and is not removed by the ultrasonic treatment. K+ or Ar+ implantations at 〈5×1016 ions cm−2 produced no swelling of the layer, and subsequent ultrasonic irradiation with an energy flux of ∼120 W cm−2 did not remove the crystal surface as determined by profilometry. For MgO implanted with (approximately-greater-than)2×1017 ions cm−2, the implanted layer is highly strained and detaches from the underlying crystal without exposure to ultrasonic-cavitation effects. These findings are discussed in terms of the stressed states of the implanted layers, and their potential applications to the mechanical "etching'' of ceramics are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363195
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scrapie replication in lymphoid tissues depends on prion protein-expressing follicular dendritic cells (1999)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 5 (1999), S. 1308-1312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The immune system is central in the pathogenesis of scrapie and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or 'prion' diseases. After infecting by peripheral (intraperitoneal or oral) routes, most TSE agents replicate in spleen and lymph nodes before neuroinvasion. Characterization ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/15264
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-Dependent Growth and Survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a Semi-Closed Recirculating System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-7345
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract.— Two growth trials utilizing Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus setiferus were conducted at densities of 28.4, 56.8, 85.2, 113.6, 170.4, 227.3 and 284.1/ m2 in an indoor recirculating system. There was an inverse linear relationship between stocking density and growth among both species. The relationship between final weight and stocking density is described by the following linear equation: P. setiferus, Y =−0.00619X ± 4.46, adj. r2= 0.8572;.P. vannamei, Y=−0.00717X ± 7.39, adj. r2= 0.6230. Although the responses in terms of growth depressions were similar, P. setiferus growth was lower than that of P. vannamei. There was an inverse relationship between stocking density and survival for P. setiferus. Survival of P. vannamei was highly variable but was negatively correlated with density. Based on the results of the present study, P. setiferus has a similar tolerance of high density as that of P. vannamei and hence may be suitable for intensive culture systems. However, depressed growth rates of P. setiferus, which do not appear to be due to effects of water quality or density, must be solved if growth rates similar to P. vannamei are to be realized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1996.tb00600.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biotransformation of N-acetylphenothiazine by fungi (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 553-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cultures of the fungi Aspergillus niger, Cunninghamella verticillata, and Penicillium simplicissimum, grown in a sucrose/peptone medium, transformed N-acetylphenothiazine to N-acetylphenothiazine sulfoxide (from 13% to 28% of the total) and phenothiazine sulfoxide (from 5% to 27%). Phenothiazin-3-one (4%) and phenothiazine N-glucoside (4%) were also produced by C. verticillata. The probable intermediate, phenothiazine, was detected only in cultures of P. simplicissimum (6%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051559
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement uncertainty in analytical chemistry (1996)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 14-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Measurement ; Uncertainty ; Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  It is now becoming recognised in the measurement community that as well as reporting the measured value it is also essential to give its uncertainty. Without a knowledge of the uncertainty, it is impossible for the users of the result to know what confidence can be placed in it and it is also impossible to assess the comparability of different measurements of the same parameter. However, problems arise with the use of such terminology as error, accuracy, inaccuracy and uncertainty that has everyday connotations as well as formal definitions for use in metrology. The paper gives a resume of the reasons why it is important to evaluate and report the uncertainty on a result in a consistent manner. A description is given of the concept of uncertainty, which highlights the difference between it and error, accuracy or inaccuracy. This is followed by a discussion of the recommendations made by the "ISO – Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement" for the evaluation and reporting of uncertainty. The methodology for evaluating uncertainty is described and the advantages of using suitable reference materials are discussed. Finally, the benefits to both the analytical laboratory and the user of the results from the evaluation and reporting of uncertainty are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050027
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the anal sphincter using a dedicated endoanal receiver coil (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 436-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging ; Endoanal coil ; Anal sphincter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The use of a surface coil in MR imaging improves signal-to-noise ratio of adjacent tissues of interest. We therefore devised an endoanal receiver coil for imaging the anal sphincter. The probe is solid and re-usable: it comprises a saddle geometry receiver with integral tuning, matching and decoupling. It is placed in the anal canal and immobilised externally. Both in vitro and in vivo normal anatomy is identified. The mucosa is high signal intensity, the submucosa low signal intensity, the internal sphincter uniformly high signal intensity and the external sphincter low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. In females, the transverse perineal muscle bridges the inferior part of the external sphincter anteriorly. In perianal sepsis, collections and the site of the endoanal opening are identified. In early-onset fecal incontinence following obstetric trauma/surgery, focal sphincter defects are demonstrated; in late-onset fecal incontinence external sphincter atrophy is seen. In fecally incontinent patients with scleroderma, forward deviation of the anterior sphincter musculature with descent of rectal air and feces into the anal canal is noted. The extent of sphincter invasion is assessed in low rectal tumours. In children with congenital anorectal anomalies, abnormalities of the muscle components are defined using smaller-diameter coils. Such information is invaluable in the assessment and surgical planning of patients with a variety of anorectal pathologies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050688
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the evolution of the constituent phases and magnetic properties of hydrogen-treated Sr-hexaferrite during calcination (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 34 (1999), S. 2401-2406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A hydrogen treatment followed by calcination, has been developed in order to enhance the intrinsic coercivity of Sr-hexaferrite (SrFe12O19). Fully hydrogen-treated Sr-hexaferrite consists of a mixture of 73%, by weight, of αFe and 27% of Sr7Fe10O22 phases. Calcination of this material to reform the SrFe12O19 phase occurs in two stages. Between room temperature and 600°C, oxygen was absorbed resulting in a large increase in weight with the formation of a mixture of SrFeO3−x and Fe2O3(α and γ). During the second stage, the intermediate phases reacted to form SrFe12O19 at a temperature of between 700 and 800°C. A partial desorption of oxygen occurred until calcination reached completion at 1000°C. The magnetization at 1100 kA m−1 and the remanence were similar to those of the untreated material, but, because of a much refined grain size, the intrinsic coercivity was considerably larger, with values around 400 kA m−1. Grain growth occurs at temperatures 〉 1000°C, resulting in a decrease in the intrinsic coercivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004506514713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Health state valuations from the general public using the Visual Analogue Scale (1996)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 5 (1996), S. 521-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: EuroQol ; health status measurement ; social preferences ; visual analogue scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the clinical and economic evaluation of health care, the value of benefit gained should be determined from a public perspective. The objective of this study was to establish relative valuations attached to different health states to form the basis for a ‘social tariff’ for use in quantifying patient benefit from health care. Three thousand three hundred and ninety-five interviews were conducted with a representative sample of the adult British population. Using the EuroQol health state classification and a visual analogue scale (VAS), each respondent valued 15 health states producing, in total, direct valuations for 45 states. Two hundred and twenty-one re-interviews were conducted approximately 10 weeks later. A near complete, and logically consistent, VAS data set was generated with good test-retest reliability (mean ICC=0.78). Both social class and education had a significant effect, where higher median valuations were given by respondents in social classes III–V and by those with intermediate or no educational qualifications. These effects were particularly noticeable for more severe states. The use of such valuations in a social tariff raises important issues regarding the use of the VAS method itself to elicit valuations for hypothetical health states, the production of separate tariffs according to social class and/or education and the appropriate measure of central tendency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439226
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of Riverine Litter: The River Taff, South Wales, UK (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 112 (1999), S. 197-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: fly tipping ; riverine litter ; sewage ; sources
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Riverine litter occupies a spatial and temporal position in any systematic analysis of river systems and is a problem that is increasing in scale. Quantifiable source factors of litter in the river Taff, South Wales, UK, system were found to be mainly two – sewage inputs through combined sewer overflows (CSO) and fly tipping. The greatest inputs of sewage derived solids were introduced to the river by malfunctioning CSO, the most numerous single component being sanitary towels. Whilst sewage-derived material constituted approximately 23% of all items on the river Taff, large quantities of waste, especially plastic sheeting, originated from fly tipping sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005000724803
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remote in situ analytical spectroscopy and its applications in the nuclear industry (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 355 (1996), S. 895-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An experimental system based on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to analyze various ferrous samples. A fibre optic system has been used to transmit the incident laser pulse which produces the plasma plume at the surface of the analyte and to transmit back to a spectrometer the optical radiation emitted by the plasma. The measuring system may therefore be placed remote from the analyte which may be situated in a hostile environment such as an operating nuclear reactor. Results show that the system is capable of detecting chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, silicon and vanadium at concentrations smaller than 5×10−4 g/g
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663550895
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