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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Media for 10 Gb/in.2 hard disk storage: Issues and status (invited) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4496-4501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Future 10 Gb/in.2 recording densities represent submicron trackwidths and sub-100 nm bit lengths. This requires extremely small magnetic switching units and very high coercivities of the media to satisfy the signal-to-noise ratio requirements. At the same time the question of magnetic thermal stability and the lack of transducers capable of performing at these densities makes it difficult to evaluate media. An uncoupled, highly uniform magnetic grain size of about 10 nm is a compromise toward maintaining an adequately low media noise and yet maintaining magnetic stability. Here we discuss current media construction, the detrimental role of substrate roughness, the role of new media structures and alloys on microstructure and magnetic properties as well as techniques for evaluating media performance prior to the availability of the required playback heads. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361876
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of CoCrPt/NiAl thin films on (001) MgO single crystals (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1163-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The microstructure and in-plane magnetic properties of Co72Cr10Pt18/NiAl thin films sputter deposited on (001) single crystal MgO substrates have been investigated. The orientation relationship between the NiAl underlayer and the MgO substrate is determined to be [001](100)NiAl//[001](110)MgO. The CoCrPt films grow in a fibrous manner on the (001) NiAl underlayer and the orientation relationship between the two layers is determined to be [101¯1]CoCrPt//[001]NiAl, and (12¯10)CoCrPt//(100)NiAl (variant 1), or (12¯10)CoCrPt//(010)NiAl (variant 2). The CoCrPt film has two sets of in-plane magnetization easy axes. The major easy axes are along the MgO[100] (i.e., NiAl[11¯0]) and the MgO[010] (i.e., NiAl[110]) directions and the secondary easy axes are along the MgO[110] (i.e., NiAl[100]) and the [1¯10] (i.e., NiAl[010]) directions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117382
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase stability of binary non-additive hard-sphere mixtures: A self-consistent integral equation study (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 4180-4188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have tested the capabilities of a new self-consistent integral equation, closely connected with Verlet's modified closure, for the study of fluid-fluid phase separation in symmetric non-additive hard-sphere mixtures. New expressions to evaluate the chemical potential of mixtures are presented and play a key role in the construction of the phase diagram. The new integral equation, which implements consistency between virial and fluctuation theorem routes to the isothermal compressibility, together with chemical potential and virial pressure consistency via the Gibbs-Duhem relation, yields a phase diagram which especially at high densities agrees remarkably well with the new semi-Grand Ensemble Monte Carlo simulation data also presented in this work. Deviations close to the critical point can be understood as a consequence of the inability to enforce virial-fluctuation consistency in the neighborhood of the spinodal decomposition curve. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471229
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological and Biochemical Changes in Neurons: Apoptosis versus Mitosis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Apoptosis and mitosis are often thought to share certain morphological similarities and therefore to be regulated by similar sets of enzymes. In this study, the Golgi apparatus and nuclear lamina were examined in PC12 cells and rat superior cervical ganglion neurons undergoing apoptosis in response to withdrawal of nerve growth factor or addition of staurosporine. We found that the Golgi apparatus disperses during apoptosis, without obvious degradation, in a manner similar to that occurring in mitosis. In contrast, the nuclear lamina did not become completely solubilized during apoptosis, as occurs in mitosis, but remained as a distinct structure around the nucleus, although some degradation of nuclear lamins was seen. To assess the integrity of the nuclear envelope, fluorescent probes were introduced into the cytoplasm of live and dying cells. High molecular weight tracers were still excluded from the nuclei of apoptotic cells, demonstrating the continued existence of a functional nuclear barrier. These data suggest, therefore, that cell death is unlikely to occur simply as a result of inappropriate activation of cell cycle enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01334.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron Diffraction Patterns of Fibrous and Lamellar Textured Polycrystalline Thin Films. II. Applications (1996)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 29 (1996), S. 419-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Electron diffraction patterns of a sputter-deposited poly crystalline MgO thin film on an SiO2 substrate, of a Ta thin film and of CoCrTa/Cr bilayer films on glass substrates are presented and analyzed based on the theory developed in Paper I [Tang & Laughlin (1996). J. Appl. Cryst. 29, 411–418]. It is found that the MgO film is [001] textured with a distribution angle of 13°. The Ta film is composed both of randomly oriented grains and [011] textured grains. The [011] texture axis distribution angle of the Ta film is determined to be 11° (11{\bar 2}O)CoCrTa/(001)Cr and (10{\bar 1}1)CoCrTa/(011)Cr polycrystalline epitaxy are identified in the CoCrTa/Cr bilayer films. Both the bilayer films have a texture axis distribution angle of 6°.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889896000416
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Barium and Nickel on the Growth of Anacystis nidulans (1996)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 56 (1996), S. 985 -992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900142
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of rotational discontinuities by magnetic reconnection associated with microflares (1996)
    Springer
    Solar physics 163 (1996), S. 335-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic reconnection can take place between two plasma regions with antiparallel magnetic field components. In a time-dependent reconnection event, the plasma outflow region consists of a leading bulge region and a trailing reconnection layer. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) discontinuities, including rotational discontinuities, can be formed in both the bulge region and the trailing layer. In this paper, we suggest that the rotational discontinuities observed in the solar wind may be generated by magnetic reconnection associated with microflares in coronal holes. The structure of the reconnection layer is studied by solving the one-dimensional Riemann problem for the evolution of an initial current sheet after the onset of magnetic reconnection as well as carrying out two-dimensional MHD simulations. As the emerging magnetic flux reconnects with ambient open magnetic fields in the coronal hole, rotational discontinuities are generated in the region with open field lines. It is also found that in the solar corona with a low plasma beta (β ∼ 0.01), the magnetic energy is converted through magnetic reconnection mostly into the plasma bulk-flow energy. Since more microflares will generate more rotational discontinuities and also supply more energy to the solar wind, it is expected that the number of rotational discontinuities observed in the solar wind would be an increasing function of solar wind speed. The observation rate of rotational discontinuities generated by microflares is estimated to be dN RD/dt ∼- f/63 000 s (f 〉 1) at 1 AU. The present mechanism favors the generation of rotational discontinuities with a large shock normal angle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00148006
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of physical and geometrical factors on interfacial debonding in the fibre push-out test: A new strength-based model (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 31 (1996), S. 3271-3280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A strength-based model for the single-fibre push-out test has been developed. Using this model, the matrix stress, fibre stress and interfacial shear stress in a single fibre specimen subjected to push-out loading was considered. The effect of physical and geometrical factors on the stress distribution were evaluated in terms of the influence of relative moduli and sizes of the matrix and fibre, respectively. The propensity for debonding crack initiation at the interface arising from matrix yielding (due to normal stress) and interfacial yielding (due to shear stress) has been determined. The influence of these on the location of debonding crack initiation and the maximum debond force has also been studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354679
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstitial photodynamic therapy in the Dunning R3327-AT6 prostatic carcinoma (1996)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 11 (1996), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Photodynamic therapy ; Interstitial ; Dunning R3327 prostate tumour ; Threshold light dose ; Cylindrical diffuser ; Diffusion theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be an alternative radical treatment for prostate cancer. The ability to predict the depth of necrosis is necessary for light treatment planning using multiple optical fibres. The extent of PDT necrosis was studied in subcutaneously implanted R3327-AT6 Dunning prostate tumours which had similar optical characteristics to human prostate. Tumour-bearing subjects were given 20 mg kg−1 Haematoporphyrin esters (HPE) and irradiated 24 h later with 630 nm laser light. Five subjects per group were treated with increasing light doses (50–450 J cm−1) delivered interstitially via a single 2 cm long cylindrical diffuser. After 450 J cm−1 of irradiation, 4.3±0.8 cm3 [standard error of the mean (s.e.m.)] of tumour tissue was necrosed to a depth of 10.5±0.8 mm around the diffuser. There was an approximately linear correlation between the volume of PDT necrosis around the fibre and prescribed light dose. The mean threshold light dose for PDT effect was 18±2 J cm−2. In this tumour with a mean photosensitizer concentration of 16±1.5μg g−1, low light doses produced tumour necrosis. PDT using multiple diffusers could destroy a relatively large tumour volume and the ‘diffusion theory’ model reliably predicted the depth of necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02156757
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Consistency conditions for the integral equations of liquid structures (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 17 (1996), S. 663-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: bridge function ; chemical potential ; closure relation ; GibbsDuhem relation ; integral equations ; Lennard Jones potential ; pressure consistency ; thermodynamic consistency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A thermodynamic consistency principle is established for the closure relations in integral equations that can yield accurate correlation functions as well as accurate thermodynamic properties, A brief lour d'horizon is given for existing consistency approaches. In addition to the common pressure consistency and the pressure energy consistency, we introduce a third requirement based on the Gibbs-Duhem relation. We found that Gibbs Duhem relation, mediated through the chemical potential, is instrumental in procuring accurate behavior of the bridge function and cavity Junction in the overlapping region (0 〈r 〈 σ). We test the Lennard Jones fluid over wide ranges ofT * andp * (T * as low as 0.72 andp * up to 11,90(, For more than IS state points we obtain excellent agreement in internal energy, pressure, and chemical potential. Comparison with Monte Carlo data on the bridge Junction and the radial distribution function also shows that the present approach is highly accurate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441512
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