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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1996  (2)
  • Key words Contrast agents  (1)
  • pharmacokinetics  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontrastmittel ; Hochdosis ; Metastasen ; Gliome ; MRT ; Key words Contrast agents ; High-dose study ; Cerebral metastases ; Glioma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In analogy with high-dose contrast-enhanced CT, there have been a few studies during recent years that have dealt with high-dose paramagnetic contrast dyes in MRI. One reason for these studies was the development of new and low-osmolar contrast agents in the MR field. Depending on the clinical problem, a high-dose contrast study in MRI is rarely indicated: (1) in metastatic disease, MR imaging with high-dose contrast material is indicated when the standard dose study is negative or only shows a solitary cerebral lesion or a number of lesions just suitable for radiosurgery; (2) in patients with malignant glioma the high-dose study allows better definition of the tumor margins. If a radical surgical approach is planned, the diagnostic potential should be fully used; if only a biopsy or subtotal debulking is planned, a standard dose study is enough. (3) in patients with MS, a high-dose study is only recommended within therapeutic trials in which the number of active plaques is a primary variable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Analogie zu Erfahrungen mit der Hochdosiskontrastverstärkung in der CT wurden in den letzten Jahren Untersuchungen zur höheren Dosierung der paramagnetischen Kontrastmittel in der MRT gemacht. Dabei spielte auch auf dem MR-Sektor die Entwicklung von niedrig osmolaren Kontrastmitteln eine Rolle. In Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Fragestellung ist die Hochdosis-KM Gabe im kranialen MRT derzeit nur selten indiziert: 1. Zeigt das MR nach der KM-Standarddosis nur eine singuläre intrazerebrale Metastase oder aber eine Anzahl von Metastasen, bei der die Radiochirurgie gerade noch indiziert ist, ist eine zweite MR-Untersuchung mit einer Gesamtdosis von 0,3 mmol/kg KG zu empfehlen. Dies gilt auch, wenn unter der Standarddosis keine zerebrale Metastase bei malignem Grundleiden sichtbar ist. 2. Bei malignen hirneigenen Tumoren ermöglicht die Hochdosis-KM-Gabe eine bessere Definition der Tumorgrenzen. Wenn eine radikale Operation möglich erscheint, sollten die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten voll ausgeschöpft werden. Ist nur eine Biopsie oder eine subtotale Operation geplant, ist die Standarddosis ausreichend. 3. Bei der multiplen Sklerose ist die Hochdosis KM-Gabe nur in Therapiestudien indiziert, wenn eine der Zielvariablen die Anzahl der aktiven Plaques ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pantoprazole; Proton pump inhibitor drug interaction ; oral anticoagulant phenprocoumon ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Pantoprazole is a selective proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzymes in man. Due to the clinical importance of an interaction with anticoagulants, this study was carried out to investigate the possible influence of pantoprazole on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon. Methods: Sixteen healthy male subjects were given individually adjusted doses of phenprocoumon to reduce prothrombin time ratio (Quick method) to about 30–40% of normal within the first 5–9 days and to maintain this level. The individual maintenance doses remained unaltered from day 9 on and were administered until day 15. Additionally, on study days 11–15, pantoprazole 40 mg was given per once daily. As a pharmacodynamic parameter, the prothrombin time ratio was determined on days 9 and 10 (reference value) and on days 14 and 15 (test value), and the ratio test/reference was evaluated according to equivalence criteria. Results: The equivalence ratio (test/reference) for prothrombin time ratio was 1.02 (90% confidence interval 0.95–1.09), thus fulfilling predetermined bioequivalence criteria (0.70–1.43). The pharmacokinetic characteristics AUC0–24h and Cmax of S(−)-and R(+)-phenprocoumon were also investigated using equivalence criteria. Equivalence ratios and confidence limits of AUC0–24h and of Cmax of S(−)-phenprocoumon (0.93, 0.87–1.00 for AUC0–24h; 0.95, 0.88–1.03 for Cmax) and of R(+)-phenprocoumon (0.89, 0.82–0.96; 0.9, 0.83–0.98) were within the accepted range of 0.8–1.25. Conclusion: Pantoprazole does not interact with the anticoagulant phenprocoumon on a pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic level. Concomitant treatment was well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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