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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1996  (2)
  • Prevalence Anticipatory emesis  (1)
  • animal  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and anticipatory emesis in breast cancer patients (1996)
    Springer
    Supportive care in cancer 4 (1996), S. 370-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-7339
    Keywords: Prevalence Anticipatory emesis ; Acute emesis ; Chemotherapy Ondansetron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A group of 90 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were assessed prospectively to estimate the prevalence of acute (post-treatment) and anticipatory emesis in the 1990s. For this purpose, two protocols of chemotherapy were analysed separately: cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil (CMF) and 5-fluorouracil/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (FAC). All patients were treated with antiemetic therapy, which included one corticoid plus ondansetron (in the FAC regimen), or one corticoid plus thiethylperazine (in the CMF regimen). For at least one cycle of chemotherapy 86.1% and 91.7% patients in the FAC protocol presented vomiting and nausea respectively; 11.1% had anticipatory vomiting and 30.6% had anticipatory nausea. In the CMF protocol, 79.6% had post-chemotherapy vomiting and 71.7% had post-chemotherapy nausea associated with at least one cycle. In this group, 7.4% had anticipatory vomiting and 16.6% had anticipatory nausea. A high proportion of patients suffered anticipatory anxiety in both groups (75% in FAC, 74.1% in CMF). The stimuli most frequently associated with the appearance of anticipatory emesis were olfactory stimuli and cognitive stimuli. In summary, as a result of the advances made in antiemetic control during the last decade, the severity of chemotherapy-induced emesis seems to have significantly decreased, but the prevalence of these symptoms along the course of the treatment still remains high.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01788844
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advantages and limitations of the use of isolated kidney tubules in pharmacotoxicology (1996)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 12 (1996), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: animal ; kidney tubules ; renal pharmacotoxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among the cellular models used in in vitro renal pharmacotoxicology, isolated kidney tubules, used as suspensions mainly of proximal tubules, offer important advantages. They can be prepared in large amounts under nonsterile conditions within 1–2 h; thus, it is possible to employ a great number of experimental conditions simultaneously and to obtain rapidly many experimental results. Kidney tubules can be prepared from the kidney of many animal species and also from the human kidney; given the very limited availability of healthy human renal tissue, it is therefore possible to choose the most appropriate species for the study of a particular problem encountered in man. Kidney tubules can be used for screening and prevention of nephrotoxic effects and to identify their mechanisms as well as to study the renal metabolism of xenobiotics. When compared with cultured renal cell, a major advantage of kidney tubules is that they remain differentiated. The main limitations of the use of kidney tubules in pharmacotoxicology are (1) the necessity to prepare them as soon as the renal tissue sample is obtained; (2) their limited viability, which is restricted to 2–3 h; (3) the inability to expose them chronically to a potential nephrotoxic drug; (4) the inability to study transepithelial transport; and (5) the uncertainty in the extrapolation to man of the results obtained using animal kidney tubules. These advantages and limitations of the use of human and animal kidney tubules in pharmacotoxicology are illustrated mainly by the results of experiments performed with valproate, an antiepileptic and moderately hyperammonemic agent. The fact that kidney tubules, unlike cultured renal cells, retain key metabolic properties is also shown to be of the utmost importance in detecting certain nephrotoxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00438159
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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