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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave-mixing scanning capacitance microscopy of pn junctions (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 7094-7099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe an approach to scanning capacitance microscopy. A mixing technique is employed for imaging local capacitance variations simultaneously with the sample topography using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a conductive tip. A SiO2/Si sample with lateral pn junctions formed by ion implantation has been investigated. Microwave signals incident on the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure formed by the AFM tip and the sample give rise to mixing signals due to the nonlinear voltage dependence of the space charge capacitance in the Si. In our experiments two microwave input signals with frequencies f1 and f2 and a variable dc bias voltage were applied to the tip-sample MOS structure. The dependence of the generated sum frequency and third harmonic signals on the dc sample voltage shows that the f1+f2 and 3 f signals are proportional to dC/dV and d2C/dV2, respectively. Images of the sum frequency and third harmonic signals delineating the pn junctions on our model sample are presented and the dc bias voltage dependence of the images is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371797
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic reversal of tapered permalloy bars with holes in the center (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4601-4603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic reversal mechanism of tapered permalloy bars with holes in the center was studied using a Magnetic Force Microscope with in situ magnetic field capability. The samples studied were lithographically patterned from a 20-nm-thick NiFe film using a subtractive process to create tapered bars 18 wide×348 μm long. The easy axis of the permalloy is parallel to the long axis of the bar. In the center of the tapered bar was either a 10, 5, or 3 μm diameter hole. The remnant state after saturation parallel to the long axis of the bar is a large domain magnetized along the saturating field direction except near the hole. The magnetization at the edge of the hole can be explained by considering edge pinning and the last direction of a saturating magnetic field. An inplane magnetic field parallel to the long axis of the bar reverses the magnetization by domain nucleation at the edge of the hole. After the bar has reversed, the same type of wall structure is seen as in the remnant state. As the magnetic field is increased further, the magnetization rotates away from parallel to the edge of the hole, as seen by the emergence of surface poles along the hole edge. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave-frequency alternating current scanning tunneling microscopy by difference frequency detection: Atomic resolution imaging on graphite (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3377-3380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present a detailed description of an experimental setup for alternating current scanning tunneling microscopy, in which two slightly detuned high frequency signals are mixed at the tunneling junction and the resulting difference frequency signal is amplified using conventional scanning tunneling microscope electronics. This signal is used to control the distance between the microscope tip and the sample. With graphite as a model surface atomic resolution images have been obtained. It is demonstrated that the origin of the generated signal on graphite is the nonlinearity of the static current–voltage characteristics. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149922
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between giant magnetoresistance and magnetic interactions in a CoAg multilayered/granular system (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 2466-2471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetizing, demagnetizing, and remanent magnetization curves for [Co(12 Å)/Ag(60 Å)]×15 multilayered/granular films thermally treated have been measured. The changes of the giant magnetoresistance and the interaction effects have been explained as a result of the structural, morphological, and magnetic evolution of the samples as a function of the thermal treatment. It has been inferred that for samples annealed at temperatures lower than 360 °C, the changes of the giant magnetoresistance come from the misalignment of the magnetic moments of the Co particles formed during annealing. A strong correlation between the giant magnetoresistance and the magnetic interaction effects has been found for samples annealed at temperatures higher than 360 °C: the giant magnetoresistance is degraded as the demagnetizing interparticle interactions are increased. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366058
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between magnetic interactions and giant magnetoresistance in melt-spun Co10Cu90 granular alloys (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 3047-3053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of annealing on the structural, magnetic, and magnetotransport properties of melt-spun Co10Cu90 granular alloys were investigated. The interaction effects were studied from both remanent magnetization and magnetotransport data, using two different methods to reach the demagnetized state, ac and dc demagnetization. The analysis of the structural evolution and interaction strength between the magnetic clusters clearly shows the role of some structural parameters (particle size and density, interparticle distance) and the degree of magnetic correlation in the magnetic field response of the resistance in these inhomogeneous systems. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366164
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning tunneling microscopy of ordered coated cluster layers on graphite (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2940-2942 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surfactant stabilized gold clusters have been deposited on graphite and studied with scanning tunneling microscopy in vacuum. Cluster layers with a superlattice constant of (approximate)31 Å were found, extending over several micrometers. The clusters form a hexagonal lattice which is ordered over distances of about 100 Å. At low sample biases (〈0.75 V) the clusters are not imaged, consistent with a Coulomb blockade effect. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120222
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remanent magnetization plots of fine particles with competing cubic and uniaxial anisotropies (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7321-7327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization and remanent magnetization curves for noninteracting single-domain particles whose anisotropy is made up of a cubic magnetocrystalline and an uniaxial components were investigated. For a given cubic anisotropy, the saturation remanence, coercivity, remanence coercivity, and coercivity factor values have been obtained for several different uniaxial anisotropy directions. The corresponding δM plots have been constructed for initially thermal or ac demagnetized systems, and a great variety of their shapes has been obtained when the uniaxial anisotropy does not dominate. Coercivity factor values rather higher than those for pure uniaxial or cubic anisotropy particles have been obtained as well, even for already dominating uniaxial anisotropy for some uniaxial anisotropy directions. Thus, it has been shown that one may not safely draw conclusions about interactions from deviations from the zero line in the δM plots or coercivity factor values for particles with competing anisotropies without specific analysis for any particular case. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369356
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-molecule fluorescence autocorrelation experiments on pentacene: The dependence of intersystem crossing on isotopic composition (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 9151-9159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single pentacene molecules containing 13C or 1H in a pentacene-d14 doped p-terphenyl crystal have been studied by fluorescence autocorrelation. The triplet dynamics has been analyzed and a systematic dependence of the S1→T1 intersystem crossing rate on isotopic composition was found. This variation is discussed in terms of a modulation of the near resonance of the first excited singlet state S1 and vibrational levels of an intermediating triplet state T3 which results from the distinct isotope dependence of the zero-point energy of both electronic states. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478837
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanosecond transient grating studies of jet-cooled NO2 (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 5734-5744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the application of nanosecond transient grating spectroscopy to probe the excited state level structure of NO2 near 487.9 nm. Intensity and polarization grating transients were obtained in one-color (DFWM) and two-color (TC-RFWM) configurations. Most grating transients exhibit pronounced beats, arising from coherences among excited state hyperfine levels, which are enhanced in polarization grating experiments. Analysis of these beats yields detailed information on the excited state hyperfine level structure at a resolution 100 times smaller than the bandwidth of the applied laser fields. The grating transients are compared to predictions of the grating decomposition method (GDM) using Fourier transform analysis. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478472
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of Fe precipitates in annealed Fe-Al2O3 films (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 714-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598017324
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