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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pregnancy outcomes in mothers with pregestational diabetes: a population-based study in North Rhine (Germany) from 1988 to 1993 (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 963-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Pregnancy ; Diabetes mellitus ; Perinatal mortality ; Prenatal care ; Prematurity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of pregnancies with pregestational diabetes in Germany, to compare the outcome of these pregnancies to pregnancies in nondiabetic mothers and to identify risk factors for poor pregnancy outcomes in mothers with pregestational diabetes. Data of the “Perinatalerhebung Nordrhine” from 1988–1993 were analysed. The Perinatalerhebung is an ongoing quality assurance programme of prenatal and perinatal care in the region of North Rhine (South Western part of North Rhine-Westphalia). During the observation period a proportion of 93%–100% of the annual births in the region (n = ∼100000) were included in the study. Their data had been documented by the obstetricians in a standard multiple choice questionnaire. The outcome parameters perinatal mortality, macrosomia, prematurity, and malformations were analysed in relation to several defined explanatory variables. There were 2,402 births in mothers with pregestational diabetes (0.4% of all births). The proportions of poor pregnancy outcomes in women with pregestational diabetes were 2.8% for perinatal mortality, 27.6% for macrosomia, 21.1% for prematurity and 2.1% for malformations . The respective relative risks compared to the non diabetic mothers were 4.3 (95% CI 3.4–5.5) for perinatal mortality, 3.1 (95% CI 2.9–3.3) for macrosomia, 2.7 (95% CI 2.5–2.9) for prematurity and 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.3) for malformations . The main risk factor for perinatal mortality in children of diabetic mothers after adjustment for maternal smoking, ethnicity, parents' professional achievement, type of obstetric hospital, and maternal age was substandard use of prenatal care. Conclusions The prevalence of births from mothers with pregestational diabetes and their pregnancy outcomes were similar to those in other Western countries. The standard for non-diabetic mothers has not been reached yet. Further improvements may be achieved if all diabetic women are convinced to use the standard prenatal care facilities throughout pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050752
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z)-11-Eicosen-1-ol, a Major Component of Apis cerana Venom (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1929-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: (Z)-11-Eicosen-1-ol ; octadecanol ; eicosanol ; docosenol ; alarm pheromone ; venom ; Apis cerana ; Apis koschevnikovi ; Apis dorsata ; Apidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The unusual venom of Apis cerana contains large oily droplets within an otherwise aqueous secretion. Chemical analysis (GC-MS) revealed that the venom oil consists of (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol (81.2%), other linear alcohols (7.7%), and linear hydrocarbons (11.1%). The eicosenol is present in extremely large quantities, averaging over 250 μg per insect, and is absent, or present in small quantities, in other parts of the sting apparatus. An investigation of the site of eicosenol storage in A. mellifera showed it to be absent from the venom and to be associated with the setose area where the more volatile components of the alarm pheromone are stored, as previously shown by others. A third honeybee species, A. dorsata, does not to contain the alcohol. The function of eicosenol in A. cerana in not clear, but may serve to mark stung intruders with pheromone or to attract foragers to marked floral resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006480.49252.df
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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