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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the Nature of Exogenous Organic Matter on Pesticide Sorption by the Soil (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 33 (1997), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A study was carried out on the sorption of two sparingly water-soluble pesticides (diazinon and linuron) by a sandy loam soil modified with different exogenous organic materials (EOMs) containing humic-like substances: city refuse compost (CRC), peat (P), commercial “humic” acid (HA), liquid “humic” acid (LHA), and two (nonhumic) model compounds (surfactants), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDTMA) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), before and after 2- and 8-month incubation periods with the soil. In all cases, the isotherms fitted the Freundlich sorption equation (x/m = KC e n ), generally with r 2 values greater than 0.99. The value of the sorption constant K for the natural soil was 8.81 for diazinon and 2.29 for linuron. These values increased significantly for EOM modified soils with respect to natural soil, with the exception of the samples modified with SDS and LHA, in which cases they decreased, possibly due to the micellar properties of these compounds. Incubation of EOMs with soil increased their sorption capacity: the K oc values were increased proportionally to the incubation time for both pesticides and for all treatments carried out. Accordingly, the sorption capacity of hydrophobic pesticides increases with the degree of evolution in the soil of EOMs with “humic”-type compounds, possibly due, among other causes, to the increase in the EOMs' colloidal properties and the modifications occurring in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic characteristics of the soil surfaces. The main conclusion is that application to the soil of carbon-rich wastes, especially those with a high degree of maturity, may offer an important strategy for reducing pesticide leaching and for eliminating pesticide residues from soil with the use of anionic surfactants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900232
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An overview of a heavy rain event in southeastern Iberia: the role of large-scale meteorological conditions (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 494-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The heavy rain event of 30 January to 4 February 1993 in the Segura Basin in SE Iberia is investigated. The study emphasizes the atmospheric processes that led to thunderstorm development. The meteorological scenario has been separated into preconvective and convective periods and into large-scale and subsynoptic settings. The warm, moist air now from the Mediterranean Sea, channelled by a high-over-low blocking pattern with a cold front over southeastern Iberia appears to be the main reason that helped trigger a severe weather occurrence. The study of the mesoscale environment parameters showed an enhanced conditional unstability through a deep troposphere layer with a moderate to strong vertical wind shear that promoted conditions to allow organization of long-lived convective structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0494-3
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the role of the diabatic heating in synoptic scale processes: a case study example (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 15 (1997), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The quasigeostrophic theory is used to address the role of diabatic forcing in synoptic scale processes over Iberia. A parametrization of diabatic heating is obtained in terms of a thermodynamic variable called the ice-liquid water potential temperature which is conservative under all phase changes of water. A case study objectively selected by means of a rotated principal component analysis over the diabatic field is analyzed to test the proposed parametrization. This study highlights the fact that the magnitudes of diabatic forcing and dynamic forcing are very nearly the same throughout the troposphere. The results also show that the composite diabatic heating is a better representation for both cloudiness and precipitation fields than the dynamic forcing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0487-2
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cervical spine trauma radiography: Sources of false-negative diagnoses (1997)
    Springer
    Emergency radiology 4 (1997), S. 218-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-1435
    Keywords: Diagnostic radiology ; Observer performance ; Spine injuries ; Spine, fractures ; Spine, radiography ; Trauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We undertook this study to identify causes of false-negative cervical spine plain radiographic interpretations in a series of experimental readings. One hundred eighty-nine examinations (three views), including 97 patients with acute injuries and 92 normal controls from the same emergency room population, were presented to 14 radiologists. The false-negative rate was 17% (2646 readings). The most frequently missed injuries were laminar fractures, atlantoaxial subluxations, pillar fractures, and fractures of C1 and C2. Analysis of 38 cases with 47 fractures missed by two or more readers showed that 20 *43%) involved the C1–C2 area, and 14 (30%) involved the laminae, and articular pillars. Analysis revealed one or more possible contributing causes for the diagnostic error in 21 injuries: marked osteopenia (2), overlying structures (4), a combination of overexposure and overlying structures (2), and satisfaction of search (13). For 26 injuries (55%), no extrinsic cause was evident, and 23 of these (88%) involved the C1–C2 region or the laminar/articular pillar region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01508174
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of clavulanic acid and/or polymorphonuclear neutrophils on amoxicillin bactericidal activity againstStreptococcus pneumoniae (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 16 (1997), S. 512-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and/or clavulanic acid on the bactericidal activity of amoxicillin (at human serum achievable concentrations) against a serotype 3 penicillin-susceptibleStreptococcus pneumoniae strain [minimal inhibitory concentration /minimal bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) values of penicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2:1)=0.01/0.01 μg/ml] and a serotype 9 penicillin-resistant strain [MIC/MBC of penicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2:1)=1/2 μg/ml] were studied. Against the penicillin-resistant strain, subinhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin reduced the growth rate; this effect was increased by the addition of clavulanic acid. A reduction of the penicillin-resistant initial inocula (3 × 106 cfu/ml) at subinhibitory concentrations was obtained only with amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and PMNs. At suprainhibitory concentrations, both clavulanic acid and PMNs increased the bactericidal activity of amoxicillin, as evidenced by an increased reduction in the penicillin-resistant initial inocula. The combined effect of these antibiotics and immune defenses may help explain the maintenance of their clinical efficacy in respiratory tract infections, despite the increase in the incidence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708234
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water and dye adsorption properties of cactaceous material (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 1145-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018588422053
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization and promoter analysis of the maize cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene family and its expression during anoxia (1997)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 33 (1997), S. 97-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: anoxia ; G-box ; glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; promoter ; response complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maize cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) is encoded by a small multi-gene family consisting of gpc1, gpc2, gpc3 and gpc4. GAPC3/4 protein is synthesized in roots during anoxic conditions and is known to be one of the ‘anaerobic polypeptides’. We further analyzed the gpc gene family by isolating full-length cDNA clones of gpc2, gpc3, gpc4 and genomic clones of gpc2 and gpc4. The deduced amino acid sequence of GAPC4 has 99.4% identity with that of GAPC3 as compared to only 81% with either GAPC1 or GAPC2 amino acid sequence. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence identity we designated GAPC1 and GAPC2 as group I (97% identical) and GAPC3 and GAPC4 as group II (99.4% identical). As previously reported for gpc3, transcript levels were also induced for gpc4 by anaerobiosis. Neither heat shock, cold nor salt stress induced the expression of gpc3 or gpc4. In contrast, the transcript accumulation of gpc1 and gpc2 either remained constitutive or decreased in response to anoxia. The upstream regions of gpc2 and gpc4 contain typical eukaryotic promoter features with transcription start points at 76 and 68 bp upstream of their respective translation initiation sites. Transient expression analysis of gpc4 promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene constructs in bombarded maize suspension culture cells was used to examine the role of 5′-flanking sequence of gpc4. The gpc4 promoter (- 1997 to + 39 bp) was sufficient to induce GUS activity approximately three-fold in response to anaerobiosis. 5′-unidirectional deletion analysis revealed that the critical region of gpc4 required for its induced expression lies between - 290 and - 157. This region has reverse-oriented putative ‘anaerobic response elements’, G-box like sequences, and a GC motif similar to that previously defined as a regulatory element of maize adh1 and Arabidopsis adh, as well as the sequences found in other environmentally inducible genes. The relevance of these elements in conferring anaerobic induction of gpc4 gene expression is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005729112038
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiroptical properties, structure, and absolute configuration of heterosubstituted 2(5H)-furanones (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 9 (1997), S. 537-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; helicity rule ; X-ray structure determination ; ultraviolet spectra ; n - π* and π - π* bands ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiroptical properties of a series of 3 and/or 4-heterosubstituted 2(5H)-furanones were investigated with respect to correlation with absolute configuration. The n - π* and π - π* Cotton effects have been assigned on the basis of comparison with the UV spectra in solvents of varying polarity. It is demonstrated that the n - π* transition in 4-amino substituted 2(5H)-furanones appears at shorter wavelength with respect to the π - π* transition. With the exception of 4-pyrrolidino and 4-benzylamino substituted 2(5H)-furanones, other heterosubstituted 2(5H)-furanones follow the butenolide configurational rule (Gawronski et al. J. Org. Chem. 61:1513-1515, 1996). Absolute configuration of 2(5H)-furanone derivatives can also be assigned according to the sign of the Cotton effect (of unknown origin) at 200-230 nm. The structure of four representative sulfur and nitrogen substituted 2(5H)-furanones has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results indicate planarity of the furanone ring and extended conjugation in 4-amino substituted 2(5H)-furanones. Chirality 9:537-544, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of the PHLEFI study (PHLEbothrombosis-FIbrinolytic therapy): A prospective, multicenter study of the fate of 1498 patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for deep vein thrombosis (1997)
    Springer
    The international journal of angiology 6 (1997), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-5939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibrinolytic therapy for DVT has not gained universal acceptance. A notable percentage of DVTs in Germany are treated by clot-dissolving methods. This is in contrast to clinical practice in the United States where fibrinolytic treatment for DVT is virtually unknown. It is unique in modern medicine that such a frequent disease is treated so differently on a national basis. The PHLEFI Study is a multicenter, prospective trial on the fate of 1498 patients receiving different forms of fibrinolytic therapy for DVT (ultrahigh streptokinase and urokinase short-term therapy, streptokinase, urokinase, and rt-PA long-term infusions, locoregional (ipsipedal) and sequential therapies). Interest focused primarily on side-effects such as cerebral bleeding and fatal pulmonary embolism as well as on the clinical outcome in terms of revascularization. The major factor for the rate of cerebral bleeding under fibrinolytic therapy was the age of the patient (0.354 % in patients under and 2.03 % in patients over 50 years). The major factor for pulmonary embolism was the site of the thrombosis (2.16% with iliac, 0.701% with femoral, none with popliteal, calf and subclavian vein thromboses). Use of a temporary caval filter during lysis therapy eliminated fatal pulmonary embolism. Results of lytic therapy were stated as complete, partial, and no clearance. The outcome was dependent on the thrombus age and the medication used. The highest clearance rate achieved was 50% in patients treated with short-term ultra-high streptokinase therapy. Fibrinolytic therapy for DVT is a reliable means of achieving revascularization. The above data may enable the physician to balance the usefulness of this therapeutic method against the risk of its side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01616186
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