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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1965-1969
  • 1998  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the cost of lost productivity in dyspepsia (1998)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the field of gastrointestinal disease, productivity costs are highly relevant because work loss is substantial in dyspeptic patients. Productivity costs are normally calculated by multiplying days absent valued by gross earnings. This, however, might lead to an overestimation.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To use a conservative approach to calculating productivity costs, taking absence compensating mechanisms into account.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:Patients who visited their general practitioner for the first time with dyspeptic complaints and patients who were known to have persistent dyspeptic complaints were enrolled in two studies. In total, 136 patients completed a questionnaire about their employment situation, absence from work and absence compensating mechanisms.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Sixty-six of the respondents had a paid job, of which 25 (38%) reported absence from work during the previous 4 weeks (average 3.0 days, 1.9 days related to dyspeptic complaints). More than 50% of the employed respondents answered that absence could be compensated for by colleagues, and only in 8% of the cases was absence compensated for by overtime. Using our conservative approach, only one-quarter of the productivity costs remained, compared to the current approach of valuing each day absent as a loss of productivity.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:We suggest using both the current and the conservative approaches, analogous to the principles of sensitivity analysis, to avoid overestimation of productivity costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1998.00376.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MSLS, a Least-Squares Procedure for Accurate Crystal Structure Refinement from Dynamical Electron Diffraction Patterns (1998)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 91-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In X-ray crystallography, a least-squares structure refinement is used to two purposes: to prove the correctness of the proposed model and to improve it. In electron crystallography, the same tool would be desirable. However, the standard programs for least-squares structure refinement used in X-ray diffraction may give wrong results using electron diffraction data because the kinematically calculated diffracted intensity is not valid for the interaction of electrons and crystals thicker than about 20 Å for strong scatterers. In this paper, a new approach is presented that overcomes this problem and in addition takes into account all the advantages contained in dynamic scattering. The multislice method, well known in high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), was combined with a least-squares algorithm, resulting in the multislice least-squares (MSLS) procedure. Experiments show that the atomic positions obtained by the new procedure are of the same accuracy as those obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction. However, the size of the single crystals used is much smaller (diameters down to ±100 Å). Also, light-atom positions can be determined with high precision by using data sets from crystal areas with different thicknesses. The multislice refinement gave good results up to 150 to 400 Å depending on the composition of the crystal, with R values based on the intensities of less than 5%. An additional advantage of the approach is that some extra quantities (e.g. crystal thickness, crystal orientation) can be refined at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767397010489
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracing best PEEP by applying PEEP as a RAMP (1998)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 821-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words (Best) PEEP ; Haemodynamics ; Oxygen transport ; Pulmonary edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to show the feasibility of a slow, continuously increasing level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (ramp manoeuvre) in selecting best PEEP and to evaluate whether best PEEP, as definded by maximal oxygen transport, coincides with best systemic arterial oxygenation or best compliance. Design: In 11 anaesthetized piglets, PEEP was increased between 0 cmH2O (zero end-expiratory pressure; ZEEP) and 15 cmH2O (PEEP15) with a constant rate of 0.67 cmH2O · min−1. This ramp manoeuvre was performed both under normal conditions and after induction of an experimental lung oedema. During the ramp manoeuvre, haemodynamic and pulmonary variables were monitored almost continuously. Results: During the rise in PEEP, cardiac output declined in a non-linear way. In the series with normal conditions, best PEEP was always found at ZEEP. In the series with experimental lung oedema, best PEEP, as defined by maximum oxygen transport, was found at PEEP1–6, as defined by maximal compliance, at PEEP7.5 and by maximal arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) at PEEP10–14. Conclusions: Best PEEP according to oxygen transport is lower than best PEEP according to compliance and PaO2; the use of PEEP as a ramp might prevent unnecessarily high levels of PEEP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050672
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tiagabine, a novel antiepileptic agent: lack of pharmacokinetic interaction with digoxin (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Tiagabine ; Digoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To assess the possibility of any clinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions between tiagabine, a novel antiepileptic drug, and digoxin. Methods: Potential pharmacokinetic interactions between tiagabine and digoxin were investigated in an open-label, two-period cross-over study in healthy male volunteers. Thirteen volunteers, aged between 18 and 43 years, were randomised to receive digoxin (0.5 mg twice a day for 1 day, then 0.25 mg once a day for 8 days) either alone or co-administered with tiagabine (4 mg three times daily for 9 days). Following a 7-day wash-out period, volunteers crossed over to the other dosing regimen. Peak serum concentration, time to maximum serum concentration, area under the serum concentration–time curve from zero to 24 h and steady state serum concentration were calculated for digoxin and compared between treatment groups. Results: No statistically significant differences between treatment groups were observed for any of the derived digoxin pharmacokinetic parameters. The most common adverse events reported during digoxin alone and in combination with tiagabine were somnolence and headache; an overall greater frequency of adverse events was reported during combined treatment. Adverse events were generally mild in nature; no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: At the doses administered, there is no evidence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between digoxin and tiagabine in healthy male volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050474
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masses and pain in the groin: a review of imaging findings (1998)
    Springer
    European radiology 8 (1998), S. 911-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Hip ; Inguinal hernia ; Abdomen ; Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The inguinofemoral region is a crossroads of numerous vascular, nervous and muscular structures. As even the most astute clinician can have difficulty in correctly diagnosing the cause of complaints or a mass in the groin and thigh region, radiological investigation is frequently warranted. For the radiologist involved, knowledge of the anatomy and specific pathology of the groin is essential. This paper deals with the imaging characteristics of the various diseases in the inguinofemoral triangle. Furthermore, this article provides an overview of the role of the various imaging modalities in the evaluation of disease in the groin and upper thigh. A sound working knowledge of groin anatomy and pathology is mandatory. The various imaging modalities used should be considered complementary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050487
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the tissue reaction to a percutaneous access device using titanium fibre mesh anchorage in goats (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 523-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The tissue reaction to a percutaneous access device, applicable as a carrier for an implantable glucose sensor, was evaluated in goats. Titanium fibre mesh structures were used for anchorage of the device in superficial as well as deeper soft-tissue locations. The percutaneous part was subcutaneously anchored with a fibre mesh sheet. The distal part was placed intraperitoneally and anchored in deeper soft-tissue layers using a fibre mesh cuff. All implants showed good healing with the surrounding tissue. Histological evaluation showed that the subcutaneous fibre mesh sheets and peritoneal fibre mesh cuffs were filled with immature connective tissue, generally free of inflammation. Problems concerning disconnection of the silicone catheter from the titanium holding element and filling of part of the peritoneal fibre mesh cuff with silicone glue have to be overcome by more appropriate preclinical testing and improved implant design. Our results demonstrate that titanium fibre mesh structures can be used effectively for soft-tissue anchorage of percutaneous access devices. A sufficient ingrowth of connective tissue was obtained in superficial as well as in deeper soft-tissue layers. The access device could have application as a carrier for an implantable glucose sensor for glucose monitoring in different tissue compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008840022016
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolution and adhesion behaviour of radio-frequency magnetron-sputtered Ca–P coatings (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 3371-3376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Radio-frequency magnetron sputtering deposition was used to produce calcium phosphate sputter coatings with three different thicknesses (0.1, 1 and 4 μm) on titanium discs. Half of the as-sputtered coatings were subjected to an additional heat treatment for 2 h at 500°C. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that annealing at 500°C changed the amorphous 1 and 4 μm sputtered coatings into an amorphous–crystalline structure, while the amorphous 0.1 μm changed in a crystalline apatite structure. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) inspection demonstrated that annealing of the 1 and 4 μm coatings resulted in the appearance of some cracks. The dissolution behaviour of these Ca–P coatings was determined in a simulated body fluid. It was found that after incubation for 4 weeks the dissolution was determined by the crystallinity of the deposited coating. SEM and Fourier transform infrared evaluation showed that all the heat-treated sputter coating appeared to be stable under the test conditions and a Ca–P precipitate was always deposited on the coating surface. On the other hand, the amorphous 0.1 and 1 μm coatings dissolved completely within 4 weeks, while the amorphous 4 μm coating showed only signs of surface dissolution. Scratch testing demonstrated that there is a linear correlation between the critical load, L c, and the coating thickness. A heat treatment for the CaP-4 coating resulted in an additional decrease in the critical load. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that already a 0.1 μm heat-treated Ca-P sputter coating is of sufficient thickness to show in-vitro adequate bioactive and adhesive properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1013245632321
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopic, transmission electron microscopic, and confocal laser scanning microscopic observation of fibroblasts cultured on microgrooved surfaces of bulk titanium substrata (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 40 (1998), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: surface topography ; plasma etching ; cellular orientation ; focal adhesion point ; in vitro ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: During this study, microtechnology and plasma etching were used to produce gratings 1.0 (TiD01), 2.0 (TiD02), 5.0 (TiD05), and 10.0 μm wide (TiD10) into commercially pure titanium wafers. After incubation of rat dermal fibroblast (RDFs) on these surfaces for 3 days, the cells were observed with scanning electron (SEM), transmission electron (TEM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that the RDFs as a whole and their stress fibers oriented strictly parallel to the surface pattern on the TiD01 and TiD02 surfaces. On the TiD05 and TiD10 surfaces, this orientation was not observed. In addition, TEM and CLSM demonstrated that the focal adhesion points (FAP) were located mainly on the surface pattern ridges. TEM revealed that FAP were wrapped occasionally around the edges of the ridges. Only the RDFs on both the TiD05 and TiD10 surfaces protruded into the grooves and possessed FAP on the walls of the grooves. Attachment to the groove floor was observed only on the TiD10 textures. Comparison of these results with earlier observations on microtextured silicone rubber substrata suggests that material-specific properties do not influence the orientational effect of the surface texture on the observed RDF cellular behavior. The proliferation rate of the RDFs, however, seems to be much higher on titanium than on silicone rubber substrata. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 425-433, 1998.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo dissolution behavior of various RF magnetron sputtered Ca-P coatings (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 39 (1998), S. 524-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: magnetron sputtering ; calcium phosphates ; hydroxyapatite ; carbonate apatite ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Radiofrequency magnetron sputter deposition was used to deposit Ca-P sputter coatings on titanium discs, and these coatings were implanted subcutaneously into the backs of rabbits. Half of the as-sputtered coatings were subjected to additional heat treatment for 2 h at 500°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that annealing at 500°C changed the amorphous sputtered coating into an amorphous-crystalline apatite structure. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of the sputtered coatings showed excellent coverage of the substrate surface. Annealing of the 4-μm-thick coatings resulted in the appearence of small cracks. SEM demonstrated that until 4 weeks of implantation, all heat-treated coatings were present and all amorphous coatings were completely or mostly dissolved. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of carbonate apatite (CO3-AP) on these specimens. Furthermore, XRD analysis showed that these CO3-AP precipitated coatings disappeared after 8 weeks of implantation. On the other hand, SEM inspection of these specimens revealed that the 4-μm heat-treated coating was still partially maintained and that small Ca-P crystals were present on the titanium substrate. On the basis of these results, we conclude that apparently 0.1 μm heat-treated Ca-P sputter coating is of sufficient thicknesses to stimulate carbonate apatite deposition under in vivo conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 39, 524-530, 1998.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microgrooved subcutaneous implants in the goat (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 634-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: biocompatibility ; subcutaneous implant ; implant surface ; microgrooves ; in vivo ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: We investigated the behavior of microgrooved implants in soft tissue using polystyrene implantable disks, either smooth or microgrooved (1-10 μm) on both sides. The implants were placed subcutaneously in a goat for 1, 4, or 12 weeks. Light and transmission electron microscopy showed that fibrous capsule formation around the implants was fairly uniform. After 1 week the implants were covered with a fibrous capsule about 80 μm thick. The collagen matrix was loose, and many inflammatory cells were present. After 4 weeks the matrix was more dense and contained many newly formed blood vessels. At the implant surface a layer of inflammatory cells about 10 μm thick had accumulated. Finally, after 12 weeks the matrix had densified. One cellular layer of inflammatory cells was present at the implant surface. We carried out histomorphometric measurements of capsule thickness, inflammatory layer thickness, and the number of blood vessels. Capsule thickness appeared not to decrease with time. Further, these measurements showed that there were no differences in tissue reaction between smooth and microgrooved implants. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that 1 μm deep and 1-10 μm wide microgrooves do not influence tissue response around polystyrene implants in soft tissue. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 634-641, 1998.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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