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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (282)
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  • 1935-1939
  • 1830-1839
  • 1998  (282)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in Background Risk and the Demand for Insurance (1998)
    Springer
    The Geneva risk and insurance review 23 (1998), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1554-9658
    Keywords: background risk ; stochastic dominance ; coinsurance ; deductibles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The demand for insurance against loss from a particular risky asset is likely to depend on other risks the decision-maker faces. For independently distributed other risks, referred to as background risk, Eeckhoudt and Kimball [1992] determine the effect on insurance demand of introducing background risk. Recently, Eeckhoudt, Gollier, and Schlesinger [1996] determine conditions on preferences such that first- and second-degree stochastic deteriorations in background risk lead to a decrease in the decision-maker's willingness to accept other risks. These results, although formulated in a general decision model, also apply to insurance demand. This article continues analysis of this question by determining the effect on insurance demand of several other general changes in background risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008625829817
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical evaluation of a hybrid composite and a polyacid-modified composite resin in Class-II restorations in deciduous molars (1998)
    Springer
    Clinical oral investigations 2 (1998), S. 115-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Polyacid-modified resin ; Hybrid composite ; Deciduous molars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this prospective study, conducted in a dental practice was to evaluate the success rate of a hybrid composite material (TPH-Spectrum; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) and a polyacid-modified composite resin (Compoglass; Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) in Class II restorations in primary molars after 1 year. A total of 190 restorations (96 with TPH-Spectrum and 94 with Compoglass) were inserted in 52 children. TPH-Spectrum was applied using the total etching technique, whereas Compoglass was inserted without acid etching prior to application of the bonding adhesive. The restorations were assessed according to the Ryge criteria, directly after placement and after 1 year. After 12 months, 6.4% of the Compoglass and 3.1% of the TPH-Spectrum restorations were clinically unacceptable and had to be renewed. The fillings with Compoglass revealed a tendency to lower evaluation scores with respect to color matching, cavosurface discoloration, anatomic form, margin integrity and caries assessment than the restorations with TPH-Spectrum. However, these differences were statistically not significant. The results of the present investigation show that, at least for a period of 1 year, both the hybrid composite TPH-Spectrum and the polyacid-modified composite resin Compoglass are suitable materials for restoration of deciduous molars. However, owing to the fewer treatment steps required for application of a polyacid-modified composite resin, this type of material may be more favorable for restoring primary molars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007840050055
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attachment kinetics, proliferation rates and vinculin assembly of bovine osteoblasts cultured on different pre-coated artificial substrates (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Primary bovine osteoblasts were used to study in-vitro effects of attachment on vinculin assembly in cells cultured on various artificial substrates. Materials coated with fibronectin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as untreated materials (tissue culture polystyrene and Aclar foils) were chosen to investigate substrate-dependent proliferation during the first 3 days of culture. Proliferation was highest on fibronectin-coated substrates, followed by BSA-coated and untreated substrates. During the first 24 h of cultivation, cell attachment kinetics revealed no significant difference between the various substrates. After 24 h detachment rates obtained by calcium depletion with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid were highest on uncoated materials, followed by BSA- and fibronectin-coated substrates. Phase contrast microscopy revealed typical osteoblast morphology after cell adhesion for 24 h. The dynamic attachment process was concomitant with the reassembly of vinculin into streak-like focal contacts clustered on the ventral side of cells. The kinetics of vinculin reassembly were independent of the underlying coating. Thus, fibronectin coating of artificial substrates increased the attachment strength and proliferation rate of osteoblasts. While the reassembly of vinculin in focal contacts seems to be a prerequisite of osteoblast attachment in vitro, it does not seem to have profound effects on the subsequent cell behaviour on artificial substrates. © Chapman & Hall
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008894612021
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Fast Modified CORDIC—Implementation of Radial Basis Neural Networks (1998)
    Springer
    The journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image, and video technology 20 (1998), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-109X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes how the real-time bandwidth of a radial basis neural network (RBNN) can be improved by the use of a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Accelerated performance is gained by moving the time-consuming RBNN exponential calculations from a general purpose processor to a dedicated FPGA that implements an optimized CORDIC-algorithm. The design methodology is presented and illustrated with a speech recognition application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008006030955
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relativistic laser-plasma interaction by multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations : The 39th annual meeting of division of plasma physics of APS (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 1880-1886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interaction of relativistically strong laser pulses with plasmas is investigated by a multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code VLPL (Virtual Laser Plasma Laboratory) [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 41, 1502 (1996)]. Acceleration of background electrons to multi-MeV energies, generation of 100 MG magnetic fields, and dynamics of ion channel boring are studied. It is shown that direct v×B push by the laser pulse in the presence of an azimuthal dc magnetic field effectively accelerates background plasma electrons to energies significantly higher than the ponderomotive potential. The authors call this novel effect "B-loop" acceleration mechanism. It is dominant in near-critical plasma, or when plasma waves disappear due to wavebreaking. Laser channeling in under- and overdense plasmas is also studied. Energy spectra of the accelerated electrons and ions and the laser energy conversion efficiency at the critical surface are presented. It is shown that the accelerated electrons propagate in the form of magnetized jets. This physics is crucial for the fast ignitor concept in inertial confinement fusion. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872821
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analytic and numerical study of magnetic fields in the plasma wake of an intense laser pulse (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 3764-3773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic field generation by a laser-induced wakefield is studied in two-dimensional (2D) planar geometry, both analytically and numerically via particle-in-cell (PIC) code simulations. Generally, the magnetic field in the wake is perpendicular to the 2D plane and can be separated into two components: one is independent of time and uniform in the longitudinal (laser propagation) direction; the other depends on time and varies longitudinally. The scaling of magnetic field strength changes from dIL2/dr⊥ at low light intensities to dIL/dr⊥ at high intensities, where IL is the laser intensity and r⊥ the transverse coordinate. Furthermore, the varying component changes from a periodic to a rather complicated structure and tends to increase with the distance from the pulse front. In addition to the quasistatic component, the magnetic field contains a transient component radiating at nearly twice the plasma frequency during the early stage of wakefield buildup. Phase velocities of the wakefield equal to and less than the vacuum speed of light are considered. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872986
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametric decay of electron cyclotron waves and its influence on the ion transport in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1126-1128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When measuring the rf emission spectra of an electron cyclotron resonance plasma by a shielded antenna under different discharge conditions, a parametric decay of electron cyclotron waves was detected. Above a certain threshold of the launched microwave power, the pump wave at ω0/2π=9.733 GHz decays into two different wave modes following the condition ω2=ω0±ω1, where ω1 is in the ion cyclotron resonance frequency range. Thus heating of ions is possible. Light ions are preferably heated. We consider this mechanism a possible candidate for explaining the isotope anomaly detected by A. Drentje et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 3 (1996)], which indicates that the heavier isotope of the same ion species is preferentially enriched in the discharge, whereas the lighter one is more easily transported out of the plasma. Experimental results are discussed with respect to this hypothesis. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148715
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a 130-mA, 75-kV high voltage column for high-intensity dc proton injectors : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1017-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A reliable high-voltage (HV) column has been developed for dc proton injectors with applications to high-intensity cw linacs. The HV column is coupled with a microwave-driven plasma generator to produce a 75-keV, 110-mA dc proton beam. Typical proton fraction from this source is 85%–90%, requiring the HV column and accelerating electrodes to operate with a 130-mA hydrogen-ion beam current. A glow-discharge, which was caused by the ion source axial magnetic field, was initially observed in the HV column. This problem was solved by scaling the electron production processes, the magnetic field, and the HV column pressure into a favorable regime. A subsequent 168 h reliability run on the 75-keV injector showed that the ion source (plasma generator and HV column) has 〉98% beam availability. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148707
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Negative hydrogen ions and evidence for a potential dip in an electron cyclotron resonance discharge for highly charged ions : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1197-1199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: By means of photodetachment we have detected negative hydrogen ions in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge under conditions where highly charged ions are present in the plasma if hydrogen is absent. From the time delay between the laser pulse and the photodetachment (PD) signals we obtained the location of the negative ion clouds in the halo of the plasma. It coincides with the location found for atomic hydrogen ions in previous ion cyclotron resonance heating experiments. The confinement of the ions to these places must be due to the presence of local potential maxima. These maxima imply a potential dip in the core of the plasma. Furthermore, these H− ions indicate the presence of cold electrons even under conditions where high charge states are produced. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148664
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization lifetime near an induced depolarizing resonance (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3146-3148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The time dependence of the polarization of a stored proton beam was measured near an induced depolarizing resonance. The resonance was created by a magnetic field which oscillated along the beam axis. The distance to the resonance was varied by changing the frequency of the oscillating field. The resonance was approached from either side and the time dependence of the polarization was found to be symmetric with respect to the resonance, and in agreement with an earlier measurement that involved an intrinsic depolarizing resonance. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149075
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