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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1998  (2)
  • Ru  (1)
  • Schlüsselwörter Multi-Link-Stent – Hochdruckdilatation – In-vitro-Gefäßmodell – Vergrößerungsradiographie – Stentapposition  (1)
  • HRTEM
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 53 (1998), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: SCR of NO ; Ru ; MgO ; frontal chromatography ; TPD ; TPSR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ruthenium supported on magnesia was found to be a highly active and selective catalyst for the reduction of NO to N2 with H2. The adsorption of NO on Ru/MgO was studied at room temperature by applying frontal chromatography with a mixture of 2610 ppm NO in He. Subsequently, temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) and temperature‐programmed surface reaction (TPSR) experiments in H2 were performed. The adsorption of NO was observed to occur partly dissociatively as indicated by the formation of molecular nitrogen. The TPD spectrum exhibited a minor NO peak at 340 K indicating additional molecular adsorption of NO during the exposure to NO at room temperature, and two N2 peaks at 480 K and 625 K, respectively. The latter data are in good agreement with previous results with Ru(0001) single‐crystal samples, where the interaction with NH3 was found to lead to two N2 thermal desorption states with a maximum coverage of atomic nitrogen of about 0.38. Heating up the catalyst after saturation with NO at room temperature in a H2 atmosphere revealed the self‐accelerated formation of NH3 after partial desorption of N2, whereby sites for reaction with H2 become available. As a consequence, the observed high selectivity towards N2 under steady‐state reduction conditions is ascribed to the presence of a saturated N+O coadsorbate layer resulting in an enhanced rate of N2 desorption from this layer and a very low steady‐state coverage of atomic hydrogen. The formation of H2O by reduction of adsorbed atomic oxygen is the slow step of the overall reaction which determines the minimum temperature required for full conversion of NO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multi-Link-Stent – Hochdruckdilatation – In-vitro-Gefäßmodell – Vergrößerungsradiographie – Stentapposition ; Key words Multi-Link stent – high pressure dilatation – in vitro vessel model – magnification radiography – stent apposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary It has been speculated that high pressure implantation may improve the results of coronary stenting. However, this method bears the risk of peristent dissection and may increase late lumen loss. Presently, there is no consensus about the optimal stent implantation technique with the regard to balloon size and pressure. To elucidate this question an experimental study was performed in a coronary stenosis model. 3.5 mm Multi-Link (ML) stents were implanted in 3.3 mm silicone rubber tubes containing 50% concentric narrowings. Three implantation techniques were applied: 1. The standard technique using the conventional ML delivery system with a compliant balloon (ML-ST). 2. A new deployment method with a high pressure delivery system (ML-HP). 3. “Focal postdilation” using the ARC catheter, which has a special balloon with an inner compliant and an outer non-compliant section (ML-ARC). For comparison, the Palmaz-Schatz stent was implanted by using a high pressure balloon. Stent expansion was imaged by magnification radiography. Minimal lumen diameter within the stent (MLD) and the lumen diameter outside the stent (BD) were measured after dilations with 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 atm. The relation of the BD to the MLD was used as an index of vessel trauma. The results lead to following conclusions: 1. A complete apposition to the vessel wall for a balloon/vessel relation of 1.1:1 could not be reached with pressures below 9–15 atm. The increase of the pressure beyond 15 atm resulted only in a minimal additional lumen. 2. Compared to the Palmaz-Schatz stent the recoil of the ML stent was significant lower. 3. For all three implantation techniques the ML-ARC showed the best results with the maximal dilatation of the stenotic vesselarea and the minimal expansion of the vessel outside the stent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hochdruckdilatationstechnik scheint geeignet, die Ergebnisse der Stentimplantation in Koronargefäßen zu verbessern. Trotzdem birgt diese Methode das Risiko einer Gefäßdissektion im Stentbereich und eines Anstiegs der Restenoserate. Gegenwärtig besteht kein Konsensus zur optimierten Stentimplantation hinsichtlich Ballongröße und -druck. Um diese Frage zu untersuchen, wurde eine experimentelle Studie anhand eines Koronarstenose-Modells durchgeführt. 3,5-mm-Multi-Link-(ML-)Stents wurden in 3,3 mm weite Silikon-Gummischläuche mit einer 50%igen konzentrischen Enge implantiert. Drei Implantationstechniken wurden verwendet: 1. Die Standardtechnik mit konventionellem ML-Träger-System und zugehörigem Ballon (ML-ST). 2. Ein neu entwickeltes Hochdruck-System (ML-HP). 3. Die “fokale” Implantationstechnik unter Verwendung des ARC-Katheters, dessen Ballon in der Mitte compliant und außen nichtcompliant ist (ML-ARC). Zu Vergleichszwecken wurde der Palmaz-Schatz-Stent untersucht. Die Stentexpansion wurde mit der hochauflösenden Vergrößerungsradiographie wiedergegeben. Der minimale Diameter innerhalb des Stents (MLD), am Randbereich des Stents (BRD) und der Ballondiameter außerhalb des Stents (BD) wurden nach Aufdehnung bei 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 und 21 atm gemessen. Das Verhältnis BD zu MLD diente als “Traumatisierungsindex” für das angrenzende Gerfäß. Zusammenfassend läßt sich sagen: 1. Eine komplette Apposition des Multi-Link-Stents wurde auch bei adäquater Größenwahl des Ballons (Ballon-Gefäß-Verhältnis 1,1:1) bei allen Systemen erst bei Drücken zwischen 9 und 15 atm erzielt. Eine Hochdruckdilatation mit Drücken oberhalb von 15 atm brachte nur einen geringen Lumengewinn und erscheint nur in Einzelfällen, insbesondere bei nicht komplett vordilatierten Stenosen, sinnvoll. 2. Der Multi-Link-Stent wies aufgrund seiner größeren radialen Kraft einen geringeren Recoil als der Palmaz-Schatz-Stent auf. 3. Unter den verglichenen Implantationstechniken zeigte das ML-ARC-System die besten Resultate mit maximal hoher Aufdehnung des stenotischen Bereiches (MLD) bei geringster Aufdehnung des angrenzenden Gefäßabschnitts (BD).
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