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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1998  (3)
  • Chemistry  (1)
  • Dentinal tubules  (1)
  • Head and neck surgery  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Dentine ; enamel junction ; Odontoblast processes ; Dentinal tubules ; Confocal laser scanning microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The translucency of teeth allows the non-destructive subsurface visualisation of their microstructure by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at a level of about 150 μm below the surface. The dentine–enamel junction (DEJ) is accessible only directly adjacent to the cervix of the tooth. Therefore teeth have to be sectioned for studying marginal areas of the dental hard tissue. The potential of the technique for (pseudo) three-dimensional visualisation allows the study of an array of individual confocal images, the interpretation of which is similar to that of macroscopic tomographs (CT-scan, MRI). Additionally, the extended focus mode yields the overlay of individual confocal images in the form of a two-dimensional projection. This mode of operation proved to be particularly suited for the visualisation of odontoblast processes in their whole extension. The three-dimensional junction between enamel and dentine, the branches of the odontoblast processes and their interactions with the DEJ is demonstrable by CLSM without staining or other procedures of sample preparation. The direct microscopic comparison between samples, either fresh or kept in a humid chamber, and Technovit-embedded sample blocks gives evidence that the risk of artefacts by sample storage or by the embedding procedure is minimal. The tomographs limited to subsurface areas of the tissue also exclude mechanical surface artefacts due to grinding or cutting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fetale Chirurgie ; Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie ; Fetendo ; Endoskop ; Kongenitale Zwerchfellhernie ; Larynxatresie ; Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte ; Fetale Wundheilung ; Key words Fetal endoscopic surgery ; Head and neck surgery ; Congenital diaphragmatic hernia ; Laryngeal atresia ; Cleft lip and palate ; Fetal wound healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fetal surgery is defined as the intrauterine surgical correction of malformations that endanger the unborn child’s life in prenatal stages of development or lead to death or severe damage of the child postnatally. Such surgery is a clinical reality now. Indications for intrataurine surgical procedures also exist for head and neck abnormalities, especially in the upper respiratory tract. These include exposure and temporary obstruction of the fetal trachea for correction of pulmonary hypoplasia in cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernias, prenatal tracheotomy in cases of laryngeal atresia for the correction of lethal pulmonary overdistension, and resection of embryonic tumors that obstruct the respiratory tract. The relatively high surgical risk resulting in particular from preterm labor occurring postoperatively may be reduced by employing minimally invasive techniques. Endoscopic procedures render opening of the uterus unnecessary and are of particular importance. In part of the procedures, only endoscopic surgery has led to therapeutic success rates justifying its clinical use. Further reduction of the operative risk suggests prenatal interventions, even in cases with non-lethal conditions. More diseases of the head and neck may thus be included in the spectrum of indications. One example is prenatal correction of a cleft lip and palate, which until now has only been performed in animal experiments. The particular characteristics of fetal wound healing allow this to take place without scarring up to a certain stage in pregnancy. This offers the prospect of a surgical correction that is invisible externally and avoids growth-impeding scars. The particular ethical and legal aspects of fetal surgery are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fetale Chirurgie bedeutet die Durchführung von operativen Eingriffen am Ungeborenen mit dem Ziel der intrauterinen Korrektur von Mißbildungen, die das Leben des Kindes bereits pränatal gefährden oder die postnatal den Tod oder eine schwere Schädigung des Kindes zur Folge haben. Auch im Kopf-Hals-Gebiet, insbesondere im Bereich der oberen Luftwege, gibt es bereits Indikationen für fetale Eingriffe. Diese umfassen die Darstellung und vorübergehende Obstruktion der fetalen Trachea zur Rückführung der pulmonalen Hypoplasie bei kongenitaler Zwerchfellhernie, die pränatale Tracheotomie bei Larynxatresie zur Rückführung einer letalen Lungenüberblähung und die Resektion embryonaler atemwegsobstruierender Tumore. Das relativ hohe Operationsrisiko, daß sich vor allem aus den postoperativ regelmäßig auftretenden vorzeitigen Wehen ergibt, läßt sich durch den Einsatz minimal-invasiver Techniken verringern. Endoskopischen Verfahren, die die langstreckige Eröffnung des Uterus überflüssig machen, kommt dabei eine besondere Rolle zu. Bei einem Teil der Eingriffe führte erst die endoskopische Durchführung zu therapeutischen Erfolgsquoten, die eine klinische Etablierung rechtfertigen. Durch weitere Risikominimierung könnten Nutzen und Risiko eines pränatalen Eingriffs auch bei nicht lebensbedrohlichen Mißbildungen in einem verantwortbaren Verhältnis stehen und damit weitere Erkrankungen aus dem Kopf-Hals-Bereich in das Indikationsspektrum rücken. Ein Beispiel für eine solche, bisher nur im Tierversuch etablierte Option ist die pränatale Korrektur der Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte. Durch die besonderen Eigenschaften der fetalen Wundheilung, die bis zu einem bestimmten Schwangerschaftsabschnitt narbenfrei abläuft, böte sich die Perspektive einer äußerlich unsichtbaren Korrektur und fehlenden wachstumshemmenden Narbenzügen. Ergänzend wird auf die besonderen ethischen und rechtlichen Aspekte der fetalen Chirurgie eingegangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 70 (1998), S. 1198-1199 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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