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  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
  • 1850-1859
  • 1998  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subnanosecond polarized microfluorimetry in the time domain: An instrument for studying receptor trafficking in live cells (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 540-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe an instrument designed to monitor molecular motions in multiphasic, weakly fluorescent microscopic systems. It combines synchrotron radiation, a low irradiance polarized microfluorimeter, and an automated, multiframing, single-photon-counting data acquisition system, and is capable of continually accumulating subnanosecond resolved anisotropy decays with a real-time resolution of about 60 s. The instrument has initially been built to monitor ligand–receptor interactions in living cells, but can equally be applied to the continual measurement of any dynamic process involving fluorescent molecules, that occurs over a time scale from a few minutes to several hours. As a particularly demanding demonstration of its capabilities, we have used it to monitor the environmental constraints imposed on the peptide hormone epidermal growth factor during its endocytosis and recycling to the cell surface in live cells. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148691
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical harmonic generation from notched narrow metal lines (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1132-1140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A model for electrical harmonic generation in metal thin films has been developed based on the solution to the thermal diffusion equation using a Green's function method and a number of simple assumptions. The validity of the model is demonstrated by measurements of the amplitude of the second and third harmonic signals using uniform aluminum lines on sapphire. By introducing damage in the form of narrow notches of prescribed size into the aluminum lines, we have been able to calibrate, and compare, the notch sensitivities of the dc resistance and the second and third harmonic signals. Predictions based on a simple approximate treatment of the notches yields good agreement with damage sensitivity of both the resistance and harmonic signals. It was found that the second and the third harmonic signals are equally sensitive to damage in the aluminum lines. Furthermore, the harmonic signals are considerably more sensitive to the presence of damage than is the dc resistance. Also, the effect of a number of distinct damage sites in a line is shown to be a linear superposition of each for both the harmonic signals and the resistance. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366805
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the optical band gap of zinc oxide (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5447-5451 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three different values (3.1, 3.2, and 3.3 eV) have been reported for the optical band gap of zinc oxide single crystals at room temperature. By comparing the optical properties of ZnO crystals using a variety of optical techniques it is concluded that the room temperature band gap is 3.3 eV and that the other values are attributable to a valence band-donor transition at ∼3.15 eV that can dominate the optical absorption when the bulk of a single crystal is probed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367375
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the equilibrium charge density at tilt grain boundaries (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5515-5521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The equilibrium charge density and free energy of tilt grain boundaries as a function of their misorientation is computed using a Monte Carlo simulation that takes into account both the electrostatic and configurational energies associated with charges at the grain boundary. The computed equilibrium charge density increases with the grain-boundary angle and approaches a saturation value. The equilibrium charge density at large-angle grain boundaries compares well with experimental values for large-angle tilt boundaries in GaAs. The computed grain-boundary electrostatic energy is in agreement with the analytical solution to a one-dimensional Poisson equation at high donor densities but indicates that the analytical solution overestimates the electrostatic energy at lower donor densities. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367381
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging spatial variations in resistance along electrical conductors (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1920-1922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A nondestructive, noncontact method of imaging resistance variations along electrical conductors is described. It is especially suitable for locating resistance variations in interconnect lines buried beneath layers of passivation. In its implementation, an intensity modulated laser beam is scanned over the circuit carrying a dc current and the voltage induced in the circuit at the modulation frequency is used to vary the intensity of a synchronously scanned display. Resistance variations, such as caused by defects, produce variations in the image thereby identifying their spatial location. Under certain circumstances, other features in the immediate vicinity of the conductors, such as remanent photoresist and decohered interfaces, can also be imaged. An advantage of the method is that the electrical circuitry in the device or package can be used.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121227
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Si-doping in the barriers of InGaN multiquantum well purplish-blue laser diodes (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 496-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical gain spectra of InGaN multiquantum well laser diode wafers having Si-doped or undoped InGaN barriers were compared. Although evidence for effective band-gap inhomogeneity was found in both structures, the wells with the Si-doped barriers exhibited a smaller Stokes-like shift. Si doping suppressed emergence of a secondary amplified spontaneous emission peak at 3.05 eV, which was uncoupled with the primary one at 2.93 eV. Furthermore Si doping reduced the threshold power density required to obtain the stimulated emission. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121912
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The captive rearing of threatened Orthoptera: a comparison of the conservation potential and practical considerations of two species' breeding programmes at the Zoological Society of London (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect conservation 2 (1998), S. 201-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9753
    Keywords: conservation ; captive breeding ; reintroduction ; Gryllus campestris ; Decticus verrucivorus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract The development of ex situ conservation work for Orthoptera is demonstrated by examples of two captive-breeding programmes at the Zoological Society of London. The field cricket Gryllus campestris and wart-biter bush cricket Decticus verrucivorus are both species that have been bred in captivity and reintroduced to field sites in attempts to strengthen dwindling wild populations. Despite a similar approach to both programmes, we have encountered significant differences in the practical applications of the captive management process for the two species. By reviewing these breeding programmes, we examine some of the practical considerations associated with ex situ orthopteran programmes and compare some of the different elements that can influence programme success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009643729536
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition Between Stress Generation and Relaxation During Oxidation of an Fe-Cr-Al-Y Alloy (1998)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 49 (1998), S. 187-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: Al2O3 SCALES ; GROWTH STRESS ; LATERAL GROWTH ; STRESS RELAXATION ; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The residual biaxial stress inAl2O3 scales formed duringoxidation of Fe-22.0%Cr-4.8%Al-0.3%Y in the temperaturerange 1000-1300°C have been measured usingCr3+ luminescence piezospectroscopy. Thestress measurements together with substantialdimensional changes of the specimens show that oxidationproduces high compressive growth stresses in theAl2O3 scale in addition tothermal-mismatch stresses that arise during cooling from the oxidationtemperature. The magnitude of the growth stress isdetermined by two opposing processes: stress generation,associated with lateral growth of the scale, and stress relaxation in both the metal and oxide. Thescale lateralgrowth strain continuously increasesconcurrently with the scale thickening. Creep in theoxide is a major relaxation process when the scale isthin, while metal deformation becomes significantduring the later stages of oxidation at highertemperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018828619028
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Measurement of Strain in Coatings Formed on a Wrinkled Elastic Substrate (1998)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 50 (1998), S. 355-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: RESIDUAL STRESSES ; FINITE-ELEMENT MODELING ; WRINKLING ; STRAIN MEASUREMENTS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Highly stressed coatings, such as those formedby oxidation can, on occasion, wrinkle. Such wrinklinghas been suggested as a mode of deformation by which theoverall strain energy in a compressively stressed coating can be reduced. One of the consequencesof wrinkling is that the strain in the coating does notremain independent of position, but rather varies overthe wavelength of the wrinkling. The strain variation caused by sinusoidal wrinkling iscalculated using finite-element methods and the effectson both photostimulated Cr3+ luminescencepiezospectroscopy measurements and X-ray measurementscalculated. Wrinkling is shown to decrease theelastic-strain-energy density in the coating. A directmeasure of the decrease is the shift in the R2Cr3+ luminescence line and the X-raydiffraction peaks. Wrinkling of a compressive coating also causes stressesto be created perpendicular to the coating-substrateinterface, tensile at the crests in the wrinkles, andcompressive stress at the troughs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018848607100
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased sensitivity of E. coli to novobiocin, EDTA and the anticalmodulin drug W7 following overproduction of DjlA requires a functional transmembrane domain (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 259 (1998), S. 645-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsE. coli ; DnaJ-like ; DjlA overproduction ; Novobiocin resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In earlier studies we found that E. coli is sensitive to anticalmodulin drugs such as W7. Mutants that are resistant to this drug were isolated, including wseA1. In an attempt to clone the wseA gene, we isolated a clone that restored sensitivity to the drug in the mutant. We found that this clone in fact suppresses W7 resistance through expression of djlA, which encodes a novel DnaJ-like protein. It was found previously that overproduction of DjlA could induce capsule synthesis via activation of the two-component regulatory pathway RcsC/B. In addition to suppression of wseA1, djlA overexpression increases the sensitivity of cells to EDTA and novobiocin, but not to other drugs tested. Although overexpression of a form of the protein carrying a mutation in, or lacking, the J-region of DjlA also led to increased sensitivity, indicating that the chaperone activity of this protein was not strictly required, the full-length, wild- type protein had a more pronounced effect. In contrast, a point mutation which affects the function of the transmembrane domain but not the localisation or stability of DjlA abolished the effects of DjlA overproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008629
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