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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 39 (1967), S. 371-373 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 8170-8177 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We discuss the role of localized high electric fields in the modification of Au surfaces with a W probe using the interfacial force microscope. Upon bringing a probe close to a Au surface, we measure both the interfacial force and the field emission current as a function of separation with a constant potential of 100 V between tip and sample. The current initially increases exponentially as the separation decreases. However, at a distance of less than ∼500 Å, the current rises sharply as the surface begins to distort and rapidly close the gap. Retraction of the tip before contact is made reveals the formation of a mound on the surface. We propose a simple model, in which the localized high electric field under the tip assists the production of mobile Au adatoms by detachment from surface steps, and a radial field gradient causes a net flux of atoms toward the tip by surface diffusion. These processes give rise to an unstable surface deformation which, if left unchecked, results in a destructive mechanical contact. We discuss our findings with respect to earlier work using voltage pulses in the scanning tunneling microscope as a means of nanofabrication. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 5-14 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The purpose of the present study is to test the hypothesis alluded to by Tullock, within the context of defensive rent-seeking efforts developed by others (e.g. McChesney). Here, we test the idea that defensive rent seeking efforts (or rent-defending) to maintain the status quo augment offensive rent-seeking (all proxied by real campaign contributions to US House/Senate candidates, 1976-1992) during federal budgetary climates of deficit-cutting (budget-balancing). When a panel estimator is properly used, our econometric evidence confirms our hypothesis. Evidence from a Parks regression technique suggests that total rent-seeking is positively related to the amount of federal spending, as others have shown, but that rent-seeking efforts increase when federal budget deficits are reduced, threatening existing spending patterns and rents. Perhaps an unintended consequence of deficit-reduction efforts, holding government spending constant, is an increase in the size of the rent-seeking industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 22 (1995), S. 33-43 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Investigates empirically the importance of buyer characteristics aswell as product and service classifications on the informational contentof advertising supply by sellers utilizing Yellow Pagesadvertisements from six US cities. The analysis and tests extend thecategories used in previous tests by including so-called "credencegoods" by analysing the impact of alternative buyercharacteristics as proxies for time and information costs. Theintra-city and, to a lesser extent, inter-city comparisons lend supportto the contemporary theory of advertising as information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 1385-1386 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the past the following terms have been commonly used for this purpose1: "leptomonad", based on the flagellated stage of Leptomonas (Fig. lc); "crithidial" for the flagellates with a short undulating membrane attributed to Crithidia* (Fig. le); "leishmanial", "leishmaniform" and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 25 (1998), S. 1334 
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: As pointed out previously by economists, the implicit demand for cost-saving information by potential buyers generates a derived demand for advertising by sellers. This study adds to the body of evidence that reveals the positive role of advertising in the market process. The evidence presented here suggests that sellers do respond to the higher time costs faced by transient populations by providing advertising qua information in a manner that minimizes the total cost of voluntary exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 23 (1996), S. 37-46 
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A cartel is a group of oligopolistic firms that agree to act collectively as a monopolist in some industry or economic enterprise. Discusses the social contract of the Southwest Conference (a legal cartel) using some of the principles of constitutional economics. Viewed from a contractarian framework (following Sobel and Holcombe), the Southwest Conference represent an inter-university constitution or social contract, whose successes and failures are analysed with graphic models and historical evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of social economics 22 (1995), S. 16-23 
    ISSN: 0306-8293
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Re-estimates the famous study by Stigler and Friedland (1962) thatexamines the impact of regulation on the price of electricity. Employstime-series data in the analysis, in light of recent extensions of theStigler-Peltzman theory of regulation. By modelling regulatory behaviouras an endogenous variable in a simultaneous system the model suggeststhat regulatory agencies are more likely to respond to the concerns ofthe firms that are being regulated. The regulatory authorities use theirpolitical power to regulate when the price of electricity (and hence,producer profits) falls over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Circuits, systems and signal processing 18 (1999), S. 407-429 
    ISSN: 1531-5878
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract We describe herein a new means of training dynamic multilayer nonlinear adaptive filters, orneural networks. We restrict our discussion to multilayer dynamic Volterra networks, which are structured so as to restrict their degrees of computational freedom, based on a priori knowledge about the dynamic operation to be emulated. The networks consist of linear dynamic filters together with nonlinear generalized single-layer subnets. We describe how a Newton-like optimization strategy can be applied to these dynamic architectures and detail a newmodified Gauss-Newton optimization technique. The new training algorithm converges faster and to a smaller value of cost than backpropagation-through-time for a wide range of adaptive filtering applications. We apply the algorithm to modeling the inverse of a nonlinear dynamic tracking system. The superior performance of the algorithm over standard techniques is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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