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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of electronic states in molecular beam epitaxy grown GaN by optical admittance spectroscopy: Comparison of different nitrogen plasma sources (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2032-2034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical transitions between the bands and electronic states in n-type GaN layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates using an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) or a radio frequency (rf) nitrogen plasma source were investigated by means of optical admittance spectroscopy. The spectra of all layers similarly consist of a band gap region, a blue and a yellow band, and several defect-to-band transitions. However, in rf grown layers distinct transitions are separable, whereas ECR grown samples reveal broad bands, originating from potential fluctuations due to structural inhomogeneities induced by the ECR source. A defect at 0.82 eV is found characteristic for all ECR samples. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123747
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interface and bulk defects in SiC/GaN heterostructures characterized using thermal admittance spectroscopy (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1424-1426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: SiC/GaN p-n and n-n heterostructures grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition were investigated using thermal admittance spectroscopy. Different kinds of defects were isolated and located. Evidence of a distribution of defects at the p-SiC/n-GaN interface is given as having thermal activation energies of (87±3) meV at 5 V and (72±4) meV at 8 V bias. Additionally, three bulk defects with activation energies between 155 and 175 meV were found. By comparison with admittance spectra of the p-type SiC substrate, one level was identified as Al acceptor in SiC, whereas the other defects are electron traps in the GaN layer. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123570
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-spin structure of the neutron-rich 107,109 45Rh isotopes: the role of triaxiality (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 6 (1999), S. 405-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:21.60.Ev Collective models – 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 25.85.Ge Charged-particle-induced fission – 27.60.+j 90 ≤ A ≤ 149
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The 107,109Rh nuclei have been produced as fission fragments following the fusion reaction 28Si +176Yb at 145 MeV bombarding energy and studied with the Eurogam2 array. In both nuclei three new rotational bands with the odd proton occupying the πg9/2, πp1/2 and π(g7/2/d5/2) sub-shells have been observed. In 107Rh, two other bands involving strong M1 transitions have been identified at excitation energy larger than 2 MeV. They can be interpreted in terms of three quasiparticle excitations. In addition new structures consisting of four transitions, built on states located at low excitation energy (680 keV in 107Rh and 642 keV in 109Rh), point out the importance of triaxial deformation in these two isotopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050363
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bases anatomiques de la prévention des hématomes de la paroi abdominale induits par le placement des trocarts (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion N'ignorant pas que le choix des sites d'incision pour la chirurgie laparoscopique peut être influencé par une multitude de facteurs, afin de minimiser le risque de lésions des vaisseaux de la paroi abdominale, nous suggérons de placer les trocarts sur la ligne blanche et dans une zone de 5 cm de large en dehors du bord latéral de la gaine du m. droit
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02042023
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomic guidelines for the prevention of abdominal wall hematoma induced by trocar placement (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 87-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Inferior epigastric artery ; Endoscopy ; Laparoscopy ; Complication ; Hematoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A knowledge of the parietal structures of the abdominal wall is necessary to minimize risks of operative procedures like laparoscopy. For means to prevent intraoperative bleeding and the occurrence of abdominal wall hematoma, we studied the course of the inferior epigastric arteries and the ascending branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery in 21 human cadavers. The abdominal wall structures were dissected and the distances of the arteries in relation to anatomic structures such as the umbilicus, pubic symphysis, superior ischial spine and lower edge of the rib-cage were measured. Comparison of the morphometric results obtained with the location of 36 trocar incision sites recommended in the common literature yields the information that about half of these incision sites incur the risk of injuring the arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-999-0087-9
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of the contact pressure distribution in the hip joint during gait (1999)
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 102 (1999), S. 625-631 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Hip joint • Contact stress • Incongruity • Gait • Joint loading ; Schlüsselwörter Hüftgelenk • Druckverteilung • Inkongruenz • Gang • Gelenkbelastung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Untersuchung war die experimentelle Bestimmung der Druckverteilung im Hüftgelenk für charakteristische Phasen des Ganges. Die von Bergmann et al. (1993) mittels telemetrischer Endoprothesen in vivo bestimmten Gelenkkräfte wurden auf Basis kinematischer Ganganalysen in ein beckenbezogenes Koordinatensystem transformiert. An 8 Hüftgelenkpräparaten (Alter 18–75 Jahre) wurden dann während 4 Gangphasen (Fersenkontakt, 1. Kraftmaximum, Ferse vom Boden, Abrollen der Zehen) die Gelenkkräfte eingeleitet und die Druckverteilung mittels FUJI-Druckmeßfolie bestimmt. Wir fanden Maxima von 10 MPa während der mittleren Standbeinphase, die Zonen höchster Druckbelastung waren im ventrosuperioren Anteil des Azetabulums (vorderes Pfannendach) und dorsoinferior (Hinterhorn der Facies lunata) lokalisiert. Die Druckverteilung war während der 4 Phasen relativ konstant, die Größe der Maxima variierte nicht proportional zu den eingeleiteten Kräften. Die normale Druckverteilung im Hüftgelenk wird offensichtlich von der physiologischen Inkongruenz der Gelenkflächen sowie der inhomogenen knöchernen Unterstützung des Azetabulums bestimmt. Bei operativen Maßnahmen im Bereich des Hüftgelenks sollte diese physiologische Druckübertragung möglichst exakt wiederhergestellt werden.
    Notes: Summary The objective of this investigation was the experimental determination of the contact pressures in the hip joint for characteristic phases of the gait cycle. The joint forces determined in vivo with telemetric endoprosthesis by Bergmann et al. (1993) were converted into a pelvic reference system, based on kinematic gait analysis. In eight cadaveric hip joints (age 18–75 yrs.) the reaction forces were applied corresponding to four phases of the gait cycle (heel strike, mid-stance, heel off, toe off) and the pressure distribution determined with FUJI pressure sensitive film. We found maxima of 10 MPa during mid stance. The areas of highest pressure were located in the ventro-superior aspect of the acetabulum (anterior part of the acetabular roof) and in the dorso-inferior aspect of the lunate surface. The pressure distribution was relatively constant during the four phases and the maxima did not vary proportional to the applied load. The normal pressure distribution in the hip appears to be determined by the physiological incongruity of the articular surfaces and the inhomogeneous bony support of the acetabulum. During operative interventions this normal load transfer should be restored as accurately as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001130050458
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Erlernen und Optimieren minimal-invasiver Operationsverfahren am menschlichen Leichnam (1999)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 923-928 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Minimally invasive surgery ; Solo surgery ; Clinical anatomy ; Training. ; Schlüsselwörter: Minimal-invasive Chirurgie ; „Solo surgery“ ; klinische Anatomie ; Training.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die expansive Entwicklung minimal-invasiver Operationstechniken bedingt weltweit eine erheblich gesteigerte Nachfrage der operativen Fächer nach Lern-, Lehr- und Forschungsmöglichkeiten an den Körpern verstorbener Menschen in den anatomischen Universitätsinstituten. Die deutschen anatomischen Institute können dieser Nachfrage derzeit nur unzureichend genügen, da die räumliche und technische Infrastruktur für die Bearbeitung derartiger Fragestellungen zwar teilweise noch vorhanden ist, durch die sich wandelnden Forschungsschwerpunkte und die Forderung nach Erfüllung von Lehraufgaben ausschließlich in der Studentenausbildung aber keine freien Personal- und Finanzressourcen für die Lösung von Anwenderproblemen verfügbar sind. Um Planungsgrundlagen für den Aufwand zukünftiger klinisch-anatomischer Arbeiten für Qualitätssicherung, Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung bei modernen Interventionen zu schaffen, skizziert der Artikel aus eigener praktischer Erfahrung („ANAtoMIC“) abgeleitete wesentliche Voraussetzungen für derartige Projekte.
    Notes: Summary. The expansion of minimally invasive surgery worldwide provokes an intensive interest of all surgical disciplines in gaining possibilities for research, learning and teaching by operating on human corpses. Despite the fact that German anatomical institutes in general have the infrastructure to realise such clinical cooperations, at present they may offer such opportunities only to a restricted degree, since the concentration on student teaching and anatomic research limits the capacity of the staff for a commitment in this field of applied science. To provide a basis for future estimations of the efforts necessary to perform solo surgery on the human cadaver, especially with emphasis on research, quality control and teaching, this article reports on practical experiences with such a project named “ANAtoMIC”, identifying minimal conditions which have to be realised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050744
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topographical principles and peculiarities of operative access in lumbar disc extrusion (1999)
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Lumbar disc extrusion • Topographical principles • Discectomy ; Schlüsselwörter Lumbaler Bandscheibenvorfall • Topographie untere LWS • Diskotomie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die operative Intervention beim lumbalen Bandscheibenvorfall ist es wesentlich, das prolabierte Gewebe und die Donorbandscheibe sicher und gezielt darzustellen, ohne wesentliches Derangement von Muskulatur und Ausläufern des R. dorsalis nervi spinalis oder Strukturstörungen im Spinalkanal. Für die genaue Bestimmung der Prolaps- bzw. Sequesterlokalisation hat sich eine Klassifikation mit kraniokaudaler und mediolateraler Orientierung bewährt, die während der Operation mit dem interlaminären Fenster als topographischem Bezugspunkt korreliert wird. Unter Verwendung eines Spekulums können der interlaminäre wie auch der laterale Zugang so begrenzt werden, daß die interessierenden Strukturen in der Tiefe mit nur geringer Störung der Umgebung darzustellen sind. Für den interlaminären Zugang genügt eine partielle Flavektomie. Intraforaminale Vorfälle können sowohl durch mediale Hautinzision wie durch einen paramedianen Zugang zwischen M. multifidus und M. longissimus von lateral dargestellt werden. Bei Revisionseingriffen ist die „upper laminar corner“ als Einstiegsort zum Spinalkanal vorteilhaft.
    Notes: Summary For the operative procedure in lumbar disc extrusion it is important to expose the prolapsed disc and sequestrum without disintegration of the musculature and branches of r. dorsalis nervi spinalis or provoking lesions in the spinal canal. A classification helps to determine exact description of localization of disc material in craniocaudal and mediolateral directions. It can be correlated with the interlaminar window as a structure seen in the operative procedure. A speculum helps to limit the exposure for an interlaminar as well as a lateral access, thus reaching the structures concerned in the spinal canal with minimal irritation of the surrounding tissues. For interlaminar access partial excision of the lig. flavum is sufficient. The extrusions in the foraminal region that can be exposed laterally from a medial skin incision, as well as from a paramedial are between m. multifidus and m. longissimus. In revision surgery, the upper laminar corner is advantageous for entering the spinal canal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003644
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bases anatomiques de la prévention des hématomes de la paroi abdominale induits par le placement des trocarts (1999)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 1-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion N'ignorant pas que le choix des sites d'incision pour la chirurgie laparoscopique peut être influencé par une multitude de facteurs, afin de minimiser le risque de lésions des vaisseaux de la paroi abdominale, nous suggérons de placer les trocarts sur la ligne blanche et dans une zone de 5 cm de large en dehors du bord latéral de la gaine du m. droit
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637862
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