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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 30 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Prior research indicates that information-based intergroup relations programs are only moderately successful (MGregor, 1993; Stephan & Stephan, 1984). In order to explore a means of increasing the effectiveness of techniques used to change attitudes toward out groups, the current study examined the effects of giving Anglo American students information about everyday incidents of discrimination against African Americans either with or without empathy-inducing instructions. The results indicate that reading about discrimination against African Americans or inducing empathy reduces in-group-out-group bias in attitudes toward African Americans vs. Anglo Americans. The implications of these findings for models of the effects of empathy on intergroup relations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 32 (2000), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Microorganisms ; Diversity ; Activity ; Grazing ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of intense grazing, seasonal drought, and fire on soil microbial diversity (substrate utilization) and activity in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland were measured in summer 1997, winter 1998, and spring 1998. Intense livestock grazing was initiated in winter 1995, burning occurred in August 1994, and drought stresses were imposed from October 1994 to June 1997. Microbial diversity was inferred from the carbon substrate utilization patterns in both gram (+) and gram (–) Biolog plates. Microbial activity was estimated by the activity of selected enzymes. Neither microbial diversity nor activity was affected by grazing. The interaction of intense grazing and stress sub-treatments only occurred in spring for one set of diversity measurements. The maximum microbial diversity and activity occurred in the winter-drought-stress sub-plots in summer and spring. Burning reduced microbial diversity and most enzyme activities as compared to the control in summer and spring. Microbial diversity was also lower in summer-drought-stress sub-plots than in the control in summer and spring. Microbial diversity was highest in summer, intermediate in winter, and lowest in spring. Microbial activity was generally higher in summer and lower in winter. It was concluded that substrate availability was the most important factor affecting the diversity and activity of soil microorganisms within a season. Soil moisture was not the factor causing differences in microbial diversity and activity among the stress treatments, but it was a predictor for some microbial responses under a particular stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 29 (2000), S. 571-577 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter King II-Skoliose • Lenke C-Skoliose • Ventrale Derotationsspondylodese • Dorsale Korrekturspondylodese • Kombinierte ventrodorsale Instrumentation • Dekompensation • Rippenbuckel • Frontales Profil • Sagittales Profil ; Keywords King II-skoliosis • Lenke C-skoliosis • Ventral derotation-spondylodesis • Dorsal korrection-spondylodesis • Kombined ventrodorsal instrumentation • Dekompensation • Ribhumb • Frontal profil • Sagittal profil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A number of different procedures are used for the surgical treatment of King II scoliosis. One reason for the controversial discussion in this context is that the term King II scoliosis is usually inadequate, because there are partly marked clinical and radiological differences in this type of curvature. From January 1996 to December 1997, a total of 26 patients with rigid King II scoliosis were submitted to a ventrodorsal procedure. Twenty-three patients were included in the study. The indication for this procedure was established in cases with a secondary lumbar curvature of at least 50° as well as unsatisfactory straightening of the primary and secondary curvature in the bendings and inadequate horizontal positioning of the caudal end vertebra of not less than 10°. Ventral Derotation-Spondylodesis (VDS) and Dorsal Korrection-Spondylodesis (DKS) led to a thoracic and lumbar straightening from 68.4° to 13.2° and from 61.4° to 17.8°, respectively. The tilt of the vertebra instrumented farthest caudally was corrected from 21.2° to 4.9°. The thoracic hypokyphosis was improved from 16.6° to 25.1°. In 11 patients, the dorsal instrumentation was extended to the caudal end vertebra, in another 11 patients, instrumentation was achieved up to a vertebra cranial from the end vertebra. The correction loss and complication rate was extremely low. Based on the surgical goals discussed further down, combined application of VDS and DKS is efficient and suitable in conjunction with the indication described. The complication rate is quite low. The different types of King II scoliosis have to be differentiated preoperatively.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der operativen Behandlung von King II-Skoliosen kommen sehr unterschiedliche Verfahrensweisen zum Einsatz. Eine der Ursachen der damit verbundenen kontroversen Diskussion scheint zu sein, daß die Bezeichnung King II-Skoliose meist unzureichend ist, bestehen doch zum Teil ausgesprochen deutliche klinische und radiologische Unterschiede bei dieser Krümmungsform. Von Januar 1996 bis Dezember 1997 wurden insgesamt 26 Patienten mit rigiden King II-Skoliosen einem Ventrodorsalem Verfahren unterzogen. 23 Patienten konnten in diese Studie einbezogen werden. Dabei wurde die Indikation zu dem vorgestellten Verfahren gestellt, wenn die lumbale Sekundärkrümmung mindestens Ausmaße von 50 ° hatte und in den Bendings sowohl eine unzureichende Aufrichtung von Primär- und Sekundärkrümmung als auch eine unbefriedigende Horizontalisierung des kaudalen Endwirbels der Sekundärkrümmung von nicht unter 10 ° bestand. Durch VDS und DKS kam es zu einer Aufrichtung von 68,4 ° auf 13,2 ° thorakal und von 61,3 ° auf 17,8 ° lumbal. Der Tilt des am weitesten kaudal instrumentierten Wirbelkörpers konnte von 21,2 ° auf 4,9 ° korrigiert werden. Die thorakale Hypokyphose wurde von 16,6 ° auf 25,1 ° verbessert. Bei 11 Patienten reichte die dorsale Instrumentation bis zum kaudalen Endwirbel, bei weiteren 11 Patienten war eine Instrumentation bis einen Wirbel kranialwärts des Endwirbels möglich. Korrekturverlust und Komplikationsrate waren außerordentlich gering. Unter Kenntnisnahme der nachfolgend genannten Operationsziele ist bei beschriebener Indikation die kombinierte Anwendung von VDS und DKS effizient und sinnvoll. Die Komplikationsrate ist dabei gering. Eine Differenzierung der verschiedenen Formen von King II-Skoliosen ist präoperativ notwendig.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 64 (2000), S. 153-166 
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: Soil and water retention ; bare patch size ; percent bare soil ; grass ; shrub ; remote sensing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The most important function of watersheds in the western U.S. is the capacity to retain soil and water, thereby providing stability in hydrologic head and minimizing stream sediment loads. Long-term soil and water retention varies directly with vegetation cover. Data on ground cover and plant species composition were collected from 129 sites in the Rio Grande drainage of south-central New Mexico. This area was previously assessed by classification of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometry (AVHRR) imagery. The classification of irreversibly degraded sites failed to identify most of the severely degraded sites based on size of bare patches and 35% of the sites classified as degraded were healthy based on mean bare patch size and vegetation cover. Previous research showed that an index of unvegetated soil (bare patch size and percent of ground without vegetative cover) was the most robust indicator of the soil and water retention function. Although the regression of mean bare patch size on percent bare ground was significant (p 〈 0.001), percent bare ground accounted for only 11% of the variability in bare patch size. Therefore bare patch size cannot be estimated from data on percent bare ground derived from remote sensing. At sites with less than 25% grass cover, and on sites with more than 15% shrub cover, there were significant relationships between percent bare soil and mean bare patch size (p 〈 0.05). Several other indicators of ecosystem health were related to mean bare patch size: perennial plant species richness (r = 0.6, p 〈 0.0001), percent cover of increaser species (r = 0.5, p 〈 0.0001) and percent cover of forage useable by livestock (r = 0.62, p 〈 0.0001). There was no relationship between bare patch size and cover of species that are toxic to livestock. In order to assess the ability of western rangeland watersheds to retain soil and water using remote sensing, it will be necessary to detect and estimate sizes of bare patches ranging between at least 0.5 m in diameter to several meters in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS: 23.20.Lv Gamma transitions and level energies – 27.80.+w 190 ≤ A ≤ 219 – 29.30.Kv X- and γ-ray spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The decay of the neutron–rich isotope 216Bi, produced by proton–induced spallation at the PS Booster–ISOLDE facility, was investigated by β-γγ, αγ coincidence and spectrum-multiscaling measurements. A new method for reducing isobaric contamination enabled to cover the unknown region “east” of 208Pb for the isobaric chain A=216. The half-life of the β decay of 216Bi was found as T1/2= 135 ± 5 s. Its decay scheme was extended and the possible shell model configurations are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: laser ionization ; mass separation ; β-spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Resonance ionization laser ion source (RILIS) technique has been used in the β-decay studies of 59Mn and 58Zn. The importance of the RILIS for production of these elements is discussed. The properties of the low-lying levels of the studied nuclei are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is described how the measurement of nγ-coincidences can be used to identify single-particle states in 133Sn. This method, in combination with the improved yields at ISOLDE, has facilitated firm determination of three excited single-particle states in 133Sn: p3/2, h9/2 and f5/2. The i13/2 state is not observed in this experiment and probably unbound, and the data did not allow a firm identification of the p1/2 state. The results are well reproduced in a Woods–Saxon calculation based on the data from the 208Pb region and taking into account the distance from β-stability of the 132Sn region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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