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  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1955-1959
  • 2001  (14)
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  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear three-dimensional self-consistent simulations of negative central shear discharges in the DIII-D tokamak (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3605-3619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nonlinear simulations of experimentally observed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bursts in DIII-D [J. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] L-mode negative central magnetic shear (NCS) discharges were performed with a full three-dimensional nonlinear MHD code. The effects of plasma rotation in the presence of resistivity and viscosity are included and an effectively implicit numerical scheme allows the transport profile to evolve self-consistently with the nonlinear MHD instabilities and externally applied sources and sinks. The simulations follow the MHD bursts and disruptions through the linear and nonlinear phases and identify the connections between the early MHD bursts and the ultimate disruption phase. Specific predictions of the growth and saturation of the modes are directly compared with experimental diagnostic measurements in DIII-D. The simulations show that the bursts observed in experiments are triggered by MHD instability of a resistive interchange mode and a resistive kink mode that are excited for critical plasma profiles. The critical profiles are determined by the balance between inductive and noninductive sources of current density. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1380235
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of amorphous phase stability in the metal–silicon systems (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 724-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of the amorphous phase with respect to the liquid phase in metal–silicon systems is modeled thermodynamically as a second-order phase transformation. The glass transition temperature of amorphous silicon is estimated according to the experimentally determined heat of crystallization and the Third Law of Thermodynamics. The feasibility of the model has been demonstrated using the Pd–Si, Co–Si, and Au–Si systems as examples. The predicted glass transition temperatures and heat of formation of the amorphous phase are consistent with available experimental data. The predicted amorphization stabilization at low temperatures in the Co–Si systems agrees with experimental observations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1381002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological, social, and environmental correlates of preschool development (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Child 27 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Baseline data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY, a population-based study of child health, development and well-being), were used to determine biological, social and environmental correlates of poor development among preschool children. A total weighted sample of 1233 500 (n= 6982 unweighted) children aged from birth to 3 years were studied. Developmental attainment was measured by the motor, social and development (MSD) scale. Children scoring amongst the lowest 15% for their age group were categorized as having poor developmental attainment (PDA). Correlates of PDA were determined using logistic regression.The MSD scale may not be discriminatory enough to identify PDA in children aged 〈 1 years. Among children aged between 1 and 3 years, biological factors remain important correlates of PDA, whereas the timing of social and environmental factors appears important to their effects on developmental attainment. The findings suggest a complex relationship between risk factors and developmental outcomes. Correlates of PDA vary according to the age of a child. Social and environmental factors appear to play a larger role among older children. Prospective studies are required to determine the effect of change in risk factor profiles on child development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2214.2001.00182.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magneto-shape-memory effect in Co–Ni single crystals (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3660-3662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A Co–33 wt % Ni single crystal was grown by an optical floating-zone furnace without crucible in a high-purity argon atmosphere. In the [001] direction, the as-grown single crystal exhibited a saturation magnetization of 124 A m2/kg, which is nearly twice as high as that of Ni2MnGa, a typical magneto-shape-memory material. A reversible strain of 3% was induced by an applied pulse magnetic field of 2 T in the [001] direction in the temperature range between Md and Ms. According to the martensitic transformation theory [T. Y. Hsu (Z. Y. Xu), Sci. China, Ser. E: Technol. Sci. 40, 561 (1997)] for fcc (γ)→hcp (cursive-epsilon), a possible mechanism based on the reversible motion of the Shockley partial dislocations is proposed in this letter. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1376148
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uniaxial-stress dependence of Hall effect in an AlGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped heterojunction (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4586-4588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Uniaxial compressive stress was applied to an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction. The uniaxial stress coefficients of sheet resistivity, sheet electron concentration, and mobility were obtained. The hydrostatic pressure coefficient of sheet resistivity was also obtained and was used to explain the different magnitude of the uniaxial stress coefficients of sheet electron concentration in the [110] and [11¯0] directions. We obtain a value for the piezoelectric constant e14 of AlAs to be −0.26 C/m2, compared to the value −0.225 C/m2 calculated by K. Hübner [Phys. Status Solidi B 57, 627 (1973)]. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427753
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic nanodot arrays produced by direct laser interference lithography (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2606-2608 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Periodic magnetic nanodot arrays have been produced on an area as large as 1 cm×1 cm by direct nanolithography using interferometric laser radiation. The dots are formed by the local annealing of sputtered amorphous Co–C films in regions where the laser intensity is highest. At room temperature the dots exhibit ferromagnetic order and are embedded in a paramagnetic matrix. The onset of room-temperature ferromagnetism is caused by nanoscale chemical and morphological changes during dot formation and reflects the phase separation of magnetic Co-rich clusters. The present single-step nanolithography is potentially an efficient method for fabrication of patterned magnetic arrays. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1409948
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced reliability of electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes by deuterium incorporation (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1397-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reliability of electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon (MOS) tunneling diodes was improved by the incorporation of deuterium. The deuterium was incorporated by the deuterium prebake and the postoxide deuterium annealing. At constant current stress of 100 mA, a deuterium-treated n-channel MOS tunneling light-emitting diode shows that the integrated light emission intensity increases slightly about 6% after 10 000 s operation, while the hydrogen-treated device shows a 30% decrease of the integrated light emission intensity. The hydrogen release by the electrons tunneling from the gate electrode to Si and the formation of interface defects are responsible for the degradation of light output in the hydrogen-treated samples. An annealing model is also given to explain the slight increase of light output in the deuterium-treated samples. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353817
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hyperfine structure of the 1 3Δg state of Na2 (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 3647-3656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The hyperfine spectra of the Na2 1 3Δg state have been recorded with sub-Doppler continuous wave (CW) perturbation facilitated optical–optical double resonance (PFOODR) spectroscopy via A 1∑u+∼b 3∏u mixed intermediate levels. The rotational lines into the N=14–51 levels of the 1 3Δg state observed previously [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 134, 50 (1989)] have four components for transitions between symmetric rotational levels or five components for transitions between antisymmetric rotational levels and the hyperfine coupling belongs to Hund's case bβS. For the low-N levels observed later, however, the hyperfine spectra are much more complicated. We have worked out the matrix elements of the molecular Hamiltonian in the case bβS basis. After taking into consideration spin–orbit, spin–spin, and spin–rotation interactions, we obtained a set of molecular constants for the Na2 1 3Δg state, with which we can reproduce the hyperfine spectra of both high- and low-N rotational levels. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388548
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential Expression of Vasopressin, Oxytocin and Corticotrophin-Releasing Hormone Messenger RNA in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Prairie Vole Brain Following Stress (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forced swimming, as an effective stressor, has been found to facilitate the development of pair bonds in male but to interfere with this behaviour in female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). In the present study, we found that forced swimming differentially influenced the expression of messenger RNA for vasopressin, oxytocin and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) in the prairie vole brain. Forced swimming did not alter vasopressin mRNA labelling, but did induce a sustained decrease in oxytocin mRNA labelling and a progressive increase in CRH mRNA labelling in the PVN. The elevated CRH mRNA labelling appeared to be due to an increased number of cells synthesizing CRH mRNA and an enhanced ability of individual cells to produce CRH mRNA. Male and female prairie voles did not differ in the vasopressin, oxytocin or CRH mRNA expression either at the basal levels or in response to swimming stress. Together, these data indicate that the hypothalamic response of vasopressin, oxytocin and CRH messenger RNAs to swimming stress is regulated by distinct transcriptional factors. In addition, it seems unlikely that these changes are involved directly in the sex differences in pair bond formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00729.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Evaluation of Synaptophysin-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Terminals or Varicosities in Anterior Pituitary of Normal and Adrenalectomized Rats (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our previous studies have demonstrated the presence of substantial amounts of peptidergic nerve fibres in the anterior pituitary of monkeys, dogs and rats. The nerve fibres increase in number following adrenalectomy and ovariectomy. Furthermore, typical synapses between nerve fibres and anterior pituitary glandular cells have been demonstrated in the dog and rat, strongly suggesting the existence of some direct neural regulation. However, it is difficult to evaluate the functional importance of synapses or nerve terminals in general, unless quantitative data can be provided. The present study therefore aimed to quantify the number of terminals or varicosities in the anterior pituitary of the rat and its changes following adrenalectomy. Nerve terminals or varicosities were identified by their synaptophysin (SYN)-like immunoreactivity. Under the light microscope, SYN-like immunoreactivity appeared mainly as dots, mostly among glandular cells, and some were found distributed along blood vessels. SYN-like immunoreactive dots were found under the electron microscope to be localized in the nerve terminals or varicosities. Synapse-like contracts between the nerve terminals or varicosities and the glandular cells could be identified. The number of SYN-like immunoreactive nerve terminals or varicosities was then counted under the light microscope. There were as many as 12424.2 ± 2941.5 and 20700.4 ± 6128 (mean ± SD) nerve terminals or varicosities per anterior pituitary of normal and adrenalectomized rats, respectively. The increase in number following adrenalectomy was statistically significant. It is concluded that nerve fibres may play an important role in the regulation of the anterior pituitary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2001.00720.x
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