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  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1900-1904
  • 2001  (14)
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  • 2000-2004  (14)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1900-1904
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biopsy Technique Has No Impact on Local Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Therapy (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Image-guided core needle breast biopsy (IGCNBB) is an incisional biopsy technique that has been associated with tumor cell displacement. Theoretically tumor cell displacement may affect local recurrence rates in patients treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT). We performed a study to determine if the biopsy method impacted local control rates following BCT. Patients with nonpalpable breast cancer (invasive and intraductal) diagnosed at our institution and treated with BCT between July 1993 and July 1996 were selected to provide a follow-up period in which the majority of local recurrences should be detected. Patients were divided into two groups based on their method of diagnosis. Group I patients were diagnosed by IGCNBB and group II patients were diagnosed by wire localized excisional breast biopsy (WLEBB). Factors potentially affecting local recurrence rates were retrospectively reviewed. Two hundred eleven patients were treated with BCT, 132 were diagnosed by IGCNBB and 79 by WLEBB. The two patient groups were similar when compared for prognostic factors and treatment. All patients' BCT included histologically negative margins. There were 4 (3.0%) local recurrences in Group I at a median follow-up of 44.4 months and 2 (2.5%) local recurrences in group II at a median follow-up of 50.1 months. This difference was not significant. Breast cancer patients diagnosed by IGCNBB can be treated by BCT with acceptable local control rates. Additional surveillance of our institutional experience and others' is mandatory to validate IGCNBB as the preferred biopsy method for nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2001.007001019.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bounds on Derivative Prices in an Intertemporal Setting with Proportional Transaction Costs and Multiple Securities (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Mathematical finance 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The observed discrepancies of derivative prices from their theoretical, arbitrage-free values are examined in the presence of transaction costs. Analytic upper and lower bounds on the reservation write and purchase prices, respectively, are obtained when an investor's preferences exhibit constant relative risk aversion between zero and one. The economy consists of multiple primary securities with stationary returns, a constant rate of interest, and any number of American or European derivatives with, possibly, path-dependent arbitrary payoffs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9965.00118
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition of intrinsic and topographically imposed patterns in Bénard–Marangoni convection (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 439-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structure of Bénard–Marangoni convection cells can be controlled by periodic topographic patterns on the heated surface that generates the convection. When the periodicity of the topographic pattern matches the intrinsic periodicity of the convection cells, a convective pattern is formed that is 1:1 commensurate with the topographic pattern. Arrays of hexagonal, square, and triangular convection cells were generated over the appropriately designed topographic patterns, and visualized by infrared imaging. For imposed patterns with periodicity in two dimensions, as the ratio of the intrinsic and perturbing length scales changes, the pattern of the convection cells shows sharp transitions between different patterns commensurate with the imposed pattern. For imposed patterns with periodicity in one dimension (i.e., lines) the convection cells use the unconstrained dimension to adapt continuously to the external perturbation. Topographically controlled convection cells can be used to assemble microscopic particles into externally switchable regular lattices. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1384473
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of arrays of two-dimensional micropatterns using microspheres as lenses for projection photolithography (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2273-2275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter demonstrates the use of an array of transparent microspheres in forming repetitive, micrometer-scale patterns in photoresist, starting from masks with centimeter-scale patterns. A transparent microsphere with diameter d〉1.5 μm acts as a lens and reduces centimeter-scale images into micrometer-scale images on its image plane. A planar array of microspheres projects the image of an illuminated mask onto a corresponding array of micropatterns on their common image plane. We have prepared arrays of polystyrene microspheres (d=1.5–10 μm) embedded in a transparent membrane to generate repetitive patterns in photoresist, and have transferred the resulting patterns into metal films by liftoff. The optical system of this technique is related to that used in conventional projection photolithography, but differs in that the lens that accomplishes size reduction is positioned within 10 μm of the photoresist. The microspheres generate uniform patterns over an area of ∼2 cm2, using a mask with area ∼25×25 cm2 illuminated with a white light source. This method can generate submicron features either within a micropattern or between neighboring patterns. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1351525
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manipulation of magnetic microbeads in suspension using micromagnetic systems fabricated with soft lithography (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1775-1777 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Current-carrying microcircuits can generate strong magnetic-field gradients; these gradients, in turn, can control the position of magnetic microbeads in aqueous suspension. Micromagnetic systems were prepared using two representative soft lithography techniques—micromolding in capillaries and microtransfer molding—combined with electrodeposition. They can capture microbeads from solution, hold them in a fixed position, and move them along complex paths. Simply changing the current flowing in the systems can dynamically reconfigure the paths. The manipulation of magnetic microbeads using microfabricated circuits should expand current sample handling capabilities for biotechnology and combinational technology with or without the presence of net fluid flow and microfluidic channels. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1356728
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategic planning for technology products (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A DELPHI Questionnaire study was completed that evaluates the relative importance of management of technology (MOT) problems and ranks 24 problems in order of importance, as perceived by MOT expert participants in industry and academia. The problem of ‘Strategic Planning for Technology Products’ ranked well above all others in terms of its evaluated importance. A follow-up DELPHI study was completed to clarify the nature and dimensions of the top problem. This second study identifies the 21 top ranked sub-problems within the Strategic Planning for Technology Products general problem and ranks these sub-problems in order of importance. The two most important of these sub-problems are ‘Linking Technology Strategic Planning to Corporate Strategic Planning’, and ‘Linking R&D Strategic Planning to Business Unit Product Development Planning’. Seen as closely related, these two problems are discussed in this article as ‘the linkage problem’. The 11 highest ranked problems of this second study are considered individually in this article. This follow-up study has important implications for both academic researchers and company managers. For researchers the results suggest specific avenues of research that can fruitfully be followed. For technology managers as well as corporate managers the study offers strong indications of areas where company planning performance may be weak, as well as steps that can be taken to deal with any planning weaknesses perceived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00193
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOFT LITHOGRAPHY IN BIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY (2001)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 3 (2001), S. 335-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-9829
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Technology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Soft lithography, a set of techniques for microfabrication, is based on printing and molding using elastomeric stamps with the patterns of interest in bas-relief. As a technique for fabricating microstructures for biological applications, soft lithography overcomes many of the shortcomings of photolithography. In particular, soft lithography offers the ability to control the molecular structure of surfaces and to pattern the complex molecules relevant to biology, to fabricate channel structures appropriate for microfluidics, and to pattern and manipulate cells. For the relatively large feature sizes used in biology (〉=50 mum), production of prototype patterns and structures is convenient, inexpensive, and rapid. Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold are particularly easy to pattern by soft lithography, and they provide exquisite control over surface biochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.3.1.335
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Airway Protection Following Simulated Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux In Sedated And Sleeping Neonatal Piglets During Active Sleep (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. In infants, promethazine has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sleep apnoea, apparent life threatening events (ALTE) and the Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS). The aim of the present study was to investigate, in a neonatal animal, the effects of a commonly used promethazine-containing medication on airway protective mechanisms and cardiorespiratory reflexes following simulated gastro-oesophageal reflux (GER) to different levels in the oesophagus and pharynx.2. Physiological and radiographic recordings were made in 21 naturally sleeping (controls) and 21 sedated (1.5 mg/kg, p.o., promethazine) piglets. On 3 consecutive days physiological recordings were made in all piglets during active sleep. Gastro-oesophageal reflux was simulated by the injection of boluses of 0.5 mL HCl, pH 2 or 3, or NaCl (0.9%) at 37°C into the pharynx, upper or lower oesophagus.3. In healthy neonatal piglets, minimal sedation with promethazine, which did not affect behaviour during wakefulness, revealed previously unreported findings during active sleep.4. The most significant effects were observed following simulated GER to the pharynx, with no effect observed in the lower oesophagus. In sedated piglets, compared with naturally sleeping piglets, there was a significant reduction in swallowing (P 〈 0.01), delayed radiological clearance of fluid (P 〈 0.05), a reduction in breathing rate, oxygen saturation and heart rate and an increase in apnoea.5. These findings are consistent with a low dose of promethazine producing a significant attenuation of airway protective mechanisms and, thus, stimulation of the laryngeal chemoreflex. The results suggest a mechanism for the association observed between promethazine use and the occurrence of ALTE and SIDS. The results support continued caution and suggest the need for greater regulation of promethazine-containing medications in infants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03483.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Designing a polyvalent inhibitor of anthrax toxin (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature biotechnology 19 (2001), S. 958-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Screening peptide libraries is a proven strategy for identifying inhibitors of protein–ligand interactions. Compounds identified in these screens often bind to their targets with low affinities. When the target protein is present at a high density on the surface of cells or other biological ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1001-958
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between transcriptome and interactome mapping data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2001)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 29 (2001), S. 482-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Genomic and proteomic approaches can provide hypotheses concerning function for the large number of genes predicted from genome sequences. Because of the artificial nature of the assays, however, the information from these high-throughput approaches should be considered with caution. Although it is ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng776
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