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  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1935-1939
  • 2001  (23)
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  • 2000-2004  (23)
  • 1935-1939
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetic study on replacement of hydrogen by deuterium at (100)Si/SiO2 interfaces (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 6536-6538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The kinetics for the replacement process of hydrogen by deuterium at the (100)Si/SiO2 interface is studied. Metal–oxide–semiconductor devices were initially annealed in hydrogen and then reannealed in deuterium at various temperatures for various durations. The deuterium concentration CD, defined as the percentage of interface defects passivated by deuterium, was then determined by a technique that is solely based on electrical measurements. From fundamental kinetics, activation energy E for replacing hydrogen by deuterium at the (100)Si/SiO2 interface is determined to be 1.84 eV. This result suggests that the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium involves a process of the dissociation of molecular deuterium at the interface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1412265
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Excitation of elastic surface pulses by fiber optics and near-field optical devices (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5090-5096 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Elastic surface pulses or surface acoustic wave (SAW) pulses were launched at the surface by confining pulsed laser radiation with single-mode fibers and tapered fiber tips, produced by the focused ion beam technique, in near-field configuration. The propagation of the elastic surface pulses was studied in a point-source point-probe experiment. The transient surface displacements of the propagating SAW pulses were detected by an actively stabilized Michelson interferometer with sub-angstrom resolution. For tip aperture sizes in the micrometer range confinement effects could be observed, extending the frequency spectrum of the launched SAW pulses to approximately 800 MHz. The actual frequency spectrum was limited by the applied detection method. An inverse square root dependence of the SAW amplitude with propagation distance was confirmed experimentally, as expected for the excitation geometry employed. Results are presented for layered systems with dispersion of the ultrasonic surface pulses. The relevance of the frequency spectrum of the SAW pulse for the determination of elastic and mechanical film properties in dispersive media is discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1412583
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electrode sheath voltage in pulsed high-pressure mercury arcs (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3027-3028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The electric field strength and the electrode sheath voltage in high-pressure mercury arcs were experimentally determined for operation in a current-pulse mode. The current was sinusoidally alternating with a basic frequency of 50 Hz. Each fifth half cycle was pulsed with different ratios of the maximum current in the pulse to those in the other four half cycles. The experimental results quite well agree with model calculations considering radiation transport. The most impressive feature of the electrode sheath voltage is a very pronounced minimum immediately after the reignition peak which can reach high negative values. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371793
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hot-carrier-induced oxide charge trapping and interface trap creation in metal–oxide–semiconductor devices studied by hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1882-1884 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A method based on the hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect is proposed to separate and quantify the effects of interface trap creation and oxide charge trapping on hot-carrier-induced degradation in n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Hydrogenated and deuterated transistors were subjected to hot-carrier stress with a fixed drain voltage Vds and various gate voltages Vgs. The threshold voltage Vt and interface trap density Nit were recorded as a function of stress time. It is found that at low Vgs stress when equal numbers of interface traps are created, the shift of Vt is larger in hydrogenated transistors than in deuterated transistors. Increasing Vgs to 1/3Vds produces no noticeable difference of Vt shift in these two kinds of transistors. However, further increasing Vgs results in larger Vt shift in deuterated transistors than in hydrogenated ones. From a quantitative analysis, the contribution of oxide charge trapping to Vt shift is separated from the contribution of interface trap creation. The results suggest that interface trap creation is the dominant mechanism for hot-carrier-induced degradation in n-channel MOSFETs. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359143
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the mechanism of interface trap generation under nonuniform channel-hot-electron stress and uniform carrier-injection stress in metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 863-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The interpretation of the small hydrogen/deuterium isotope effect widely observed under uniform stress has been based on an implicit assumption that interface traps in the entire channel are passivated by deuterium after the deuterium annealing process. Through a stress/anneal process, we show that this assumption is incorrect. Instead, our results clearly suggest that interface trap generation under both nonuniform channel hot-carrier stress and uniform stress, such as Fowler–Nordheim tunneling and substrate electron injection, essentially follows the same mechanism, which is the breaking of Si–H(D) bonds and the release of hydrogen/deuterium at the oxide/silicon interface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1389318
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE CONSTRAINTS TO URBAN STREAM ENHANCEMENTS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 37 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: : The environment surrounding urban streams imposes constraints upon stream enhancement projects. Constraints include bridges, culverts, highways, sewer and water lines, lack of easements, and other floodplain structures. The consequences of failure of these infrastructure constraints can be significant and should be considered in the design process. Fault tree analysis provides a systematic technique for analyzing the interactions of events that could lead to infrastructure failure. A case study of a stream in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, shows that fault tree analysis can effectively model the interactions between the stream system and the infrastructure constraints and predict the most likely modes of failure. In addition, the relative success of alternative designs and failure mitigation techniques can be assessed using this analysis tool, lending insight into the urban stream enhancement design process. The method could also provide justification in the design permitting process and input for risk assessment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2001.tb05487.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of acoustic resonators in photoacoustic trace gas analysis and metrology (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1937-1955 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The application of different types of acoustic resonators such as pipes, cylinders, and spheres in photoacoustics is considered. This includes a discussion of the fundamental properties of these resonant cavities. Modulated and pulsed laser excitation of acoustic modes is discussed. The theoretical and practical aspects of high-Q and low-Q resonators and their integration into complete photoacoustic detection systems for trace gas monitoring and metrology are covered in detail. The characteristics of the available laser sources and the performance of the photoacoustic resonators, such as signal amplification, are discussed. Setup properties and noise features are considered in detail. This review is intended to give newcomers the information needed to design and construct state-of-the-art photoacoustic detectors for specific purposes such as trace gas analysis, spectroscopy, and metrology. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353198
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultraviolet photochemistry of hydrogen-bonded HBr⋅acetone complexes in argon matrices (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We have studied the ultraviolet photoreaction of HBr⋅acetone complexes isolated in argon matrices using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Photoexcitation of the acetone π*←n0 transition, using either 266 or 309 nm, results in the reaction of hydrogen-bonded HBr⋅acetone complexes to produce HBr⋅propen-2-ol complexes through a novel photoenolization mechanism. Only the hydrogen-bonded HBr⋅acetone complexes undergo reaction following mid-UV irradiation. No significant loss of isolated reactant molecules occurs using either 266 or 309 nm excitation. Detailed ab initio calculations of HBr⋅propen-2-ol complex are presented to support these findings. Photoexcitation of similar matrices at 193 nm, which excites the acetone 3s←n0 transition and HBr directly, shows extensive reaction of HBr, acetone, and their complexes by a photofragmentation mechanism. We discuss the mechanism of HBr assisted acetone photoenolization in detail and report experimental and calculated band frequencies and structures of HBr⋅acetone complexes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1328377
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative-genetic parameters of sorghum growth under striga infestation in Mali and Kenya (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 120 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: To estimate quantitative-genetic parameters of sorghum for resistance to the hemi-parasitic weed striga [Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.] and for agronomic traits, 36 diallel F2 populations and their nine parental lines were evaluated under severe striga infestation at two locations each in Mali and Kenya. Location means for grain yield ranged from 132 to 254 g/m2. F2 populations outyielded lines on average by 18%. For striga emergence traits, F2 heterosis values ranged from -36% to 232% among populations. Genetic and genotype x environment interaction variances of lines and F2s were highly significant for all traits. Broad-sense heritabilities for areas under striga severity progress curves and grain yield were 0.83 and 0.90 in lines, and 0.81 and 0.89 in F2s, respectively. General and specific combining ability, and their interaction effects with locations were significant for most traits. F2 superiority for grain yield under striga infestation demonstrates the potential merit of heterozygous cultivars in the target areas. Significant genotype x environment interaction entails multilocational testing to identify stable resistance. A combination of resistance with striga tolerance is recommended to breeders.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2001.00546.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical Erosion of the Lilburn Cave System, Kings Canyon National Park, California (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 39 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Multi-year Instrumental records for input, throughflow and output waters of the Lilburn Cave system provide control on denudation rates as they respond to seasonal and spatial variability. Data suggest that maximum denudation is in the late fall and early winter. This is when non-snowmelt discharge is at Its maximum. At lower discharge rates the volume of water moving through the cave system Is the limiting control on the volume of denudation. During periods of snowmelt the limiting control is the rate at which the calcite dissolves. This is probably the result of water flowing through wider channels during these times. Based on instrumental measurements, there is considerable variation in terms of where denudation occurs inside the cave. The loci of dissolution change from year to year. This is to be expected in the dynamic environment of the cave where materials shift routinely. This variability should be studied over longer periods of time in order to more fully understand its extent. The relatively small area of carbonate exposure relative to the area of the drainage basin gives rise to relatively high denudation rates. The carbonate Is being removed at a rate of about 5000 metric tons per year, or at about 830 mm/y. This is about five times the rate reported in the humid karst regions of Malaysia. This information indicates that the relative proportion of carbonate in the drainage basin needs to be considered when trying to estimate denudation in other areas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02303.x
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