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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1920-1924
  • 2001  (6)
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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1920-1924
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a partially oxidized calcium cathode on the performance of polymeric light emitting diodes (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1376-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the influence of the presence of oxygen during the deposition of the calcium cathode on the structure and on the performance of polymeric light emitting diodes (pLEDs). The oxygen background pressure during deposition of the calcium cathode of polymeric LEDs was varied. Subsequently, the oxygen depth distribution was measured and correlated with the performance of the pLEDs. The devices have been fabricated in a recently built ultraclean setup. The polymer layers of the pLEDs have been spincoated in a dry nitrogen atmosphere and transported directly into an ultrahigh vacuum chamber where the metal electrodes have been deposited by evaporation. We used indium–tin–oxide as anode, OC1C10 PPV as electroluminescent polymer, calcium as cathode, and aluminum as protecting layer. We achieved reproducibility of about 15% in current and brightness for devices fabricated in an oxygen atmosphere of (very-much-less-than)10−9 mbar. For further investigations the calcium deposition was carried out in an oxygen atmosphere from 10−8 to 10−5 mbar. We determined the amount of oxygen in the different layers of the current–voltage-light characterized pLEDs with elastic recoil detection analysis and correlated it with the characteristics of the devices. The external efficiency of the pLEDs decreases continuously with increasing oxygen pressure, the current shows a pronounced minimum. The brightness mostly decreases with increasing oxygen with an indication of a slight minimum. PLEDs with completely oxidized calcium are not operational. The first contact of the pLEDs with the dry glove box environment leads to an immediate reduction of current and brightness which is caused by the cooling of the devices by several degrees. Determining reproducible characteristics of pLEDs in the vacuum requires the measurement of their temperature. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1383577
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Channeling on boron clusters in silicon (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5032-5037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Low energy ion implantation at high doses of boron (〉1015 cm−2) in Si is necessary for the fabrication of ultrashallow junctions but can result in the undesirable presence of boron clusters. Values for the dimensions of the lattice distortions in the implanted Si are obtained by comparing the enhanced dechanneling and the direct scattering peak in the region with clusters in a channeled Rutherford backscattering spectrometry spectrum to those from Monte Carlo calculations on a curved crystal structure. Values of about 0.17 and 65 nm are found for the maximum deformation and the length of the distortions in the crystal, respectively, which implies that the lattice distortions extend significantly outside the layer in which the B clusters are supposed to be present. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1406968
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-channeling analysis of boron clusters in silicon (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 4741-4747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured axially channeled Rutherford backscattering spectra of Si1−xGex nanofilms in silicon(001). A step in the yield of the host crystal was found for off-normal axes at the depth of the nanofilm. The step was measured as a function of the angle between the incoming beam and the [011] axis and shows two maxima. It is found that Monte Carlo simulations assuming tetragonal distortion reproduce the experimental results. A universal curve was derived which enables determination of the tetragonal distortion from ion-channeling experiments, for a given film thickness. The results are compared with XRD measurements. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1405838
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Robocast Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 Ceramic Monoliths and Composites (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Robocasting, which is a computer-controlled slurry-deposition technique, was used to fabricate ceramic monoliths and composites of chemically prepared Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 ceramics. The densities and electrical properties of the robocast samples were equivalent to those obtained for cold isostatically pressed parts formed under a pressure of 200 MPa. Three-layer robocast composites that consisted of alternating layers of different sintered densities—93.9%/96.1%/93.9%—were fabricated using different levels of organic pore-former additions. Modification from a single-material to a multiple-material deposition robocaster was essential for the fabrication of composites that could withstand repeated cycles of saturated polarization switching under fields of 30 kV/cm. Furthermore, these composites withstood a poled ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transformation that was induced by a hydrostatic pressure of 500 MPa, during which strain differences on the order of 0.8% occurred between the composite elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00756.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure-Induced Phase Transformation of Controlled-Porosity Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 Ceramics (2001)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemically prepared Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (PZT 95/5) ceramics were fabricated with a range of different porosity levels, while grain size was held constant, by systematic additions of added organic pore former (Avicel). Use of Avicel in amounts ranging from 0 to 4.0 wt% resulted in fired ceramic densities that ranged from 97.3% to 82.3%. Hydrostatic-pressure-induced ferroelectric (FE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transformations were substantially more diffuse and occurred at lower hydrostatic pressures with increasing porosity. An ∼12 MPa decrease in hydrostatic transformation pressure per volume percent added porosity was observed. The decrease in transformation pressure with decreasing density was quantitatively consistent with the calculated macroscopic stress required to achieve a specific volumetric macrostrain (0.40%). This strain was equivalent to experimentally measured macrostrain for FE-to-AFE transformation. The macroscopic stress levels were calculated using measured bulk modulus values that decreased from 84 to 46 GPa as density decreased from 97.3% to 82.3%. Good agreement between calculated and measured values of FE-to-AFE transformation stress was obtained for ceramics fired at 1275° and 1345°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2001.tb00826.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vivo Tests of a Highly Porous Rapidly Resorbable Dicalcium Potassium Sodium Phosphate Glass-Ceramics (2001)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 218-220 (Nov. 2001), p. 307-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/46/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.218-220.307.pdf
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