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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Band parameters for III–V compound semiconductors and their alloys (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5815-5875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a comprehensive, up-to-date compilation of band parameters for the technologically important III–V zinc blende and wurtzite compound semiconductors: GaAs, GaSb, GaP, GaN, AlAs, AlSb, AlP, AlN, InAs, InSb, InP, and InN, along with their ternary and quaternary alloys. Based on a review of the existing literature, complete and consistent parameter sets are given for all materials. Emphasizing the quantities required for band structure calculations, we tabulate the direct and indirect energy gaps, spin-orbit, and crystal-field splittings, alloy bowing parameters, effective masses for electrons, heavy, light, and split-off holes, Luttinger parameters, interband momentum matrix elements, and deformation potentials, including temperature and alloy-composition dependences where available. Heterostructure band offsets are also given, on an absolute scale that allows any material to be aligned relative to any other. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368156
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermi level position at metal Si1−x−yGexCy interfaces (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5533-5542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, we have investigated the Schottky barrier heights on n- and p-type Si1−x−yGexCy alloys with Zr, Ti, W, Ni and Pt as metals (ΦBn and ΦBp, respectively). Contacts on Si1−xGex alloys showed various behaviors depending on the metal work function Φm. For low-Φm metals (Zr, Ti), ΦBn increases with x, while ΦBp(x) decreases. For higher Φm metals (Pt), ΦBn strongly decreases with x. In the particular case of W (intermediate Φm value), ΦBp follows exactly the decrease of the SiGe band gap with x, while ΦBn remains constant. Nevertheless, whatever the metal, the reduction of the sum ΦBn+ΦBp gives the band-gap variation as a function of x, and the Fermi level is located at the same position for both n and p-type layers. A weaker effect of Φm on the Schottky barrier heights is observed compared to pure Si: the position of the Fermi level tends to remain in the range 0.60–0.65 eV below the conduction band, as soon as Ge is adding in Si. W contacts on Si1−x−yGexCy alloys evidenced the strong effect of C on ΦBn and ΦBp. The variations of ΦBn(y) or ΦBp(y) cannot be correlated to the band gap. In addition, the position of the Fermi level at the interface depends on the type of the alloy. Nevertheless, as in the case of the binary alloy SiGe, a weaker dependence on Φm compared to that observed for pure Si is shown. High values of the ideality factor with increasing the C content may evidence the presence of interfacial inhomogeneities, which could be correlated to C short range order. The present results have been compared to existing published results. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1365943
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergy of multiviewing spectroscopic diagnostics on COMPASS-D (invited) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 881-887 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the COMPASS-D tokamak three multiviewing diagnostic systems are combined by using the same collection optics. HeI line ratios from a helium thermal jet provide detailed edge Te(r) and ne(r) profiles. The spectrometer also provides the Dα profile. A Doppler spectrometer system provides Ti and Vθ profiles using HeII emission. The Te and ne profiles are used in extracting neutral densities from the Dα emissivities, and the radial electric field from the Doppler measurements. The behavior of Te(r), ne(r), 2nD(r), Er, and Vθ and their gradients can now be compared in detail to investigate the H-mode transition physics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323244
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Butterfly Response to Microclimatic Conditions Following Ponderosa Pine Restoration (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Efforts to restore ponderosa pine ecosystems to open, park-like conditions that predominated prior to European-American settlement result in altered stand structure and increased landscape heterogeneity, potentially altering habitat suitability for invertebrates and other forest organisms. We examined the responses of two butterfly species, Colias eurytheme and Neophasia menapia, to microclimatic changes at structural edges created by experimental restoration treatments in northern Arizona. We monitored microclimate, including air temperature, light intensity, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), on several mornings during butterfly releases. We placed adult butterflies at east- and west-facing edges approximately one half-hour before dawn to determine their behavioral response to microclimatic differences between east- and west-facing edges. After sunrise, all three microclimatic variables were higher at east-facing edges, and the difference in microclimate between the two edge orientations increased through early morning. For both species, butterflies placed at east-facing edges flew earlier than butterflies at west-facing edges. Colias eurytheme, an open-habitat species, tended to move toward the treated forest during initial flight, while movements of Neophasia menapia, a forest-dwelling species, did not differ from random flight. Our results indicate that butterflies respond to microclimatic factors associated with restoration treatments, while responses to structural changes in habitat vary among species, based on habitat and food plant preferences. These changes in forest structure and microclimate may affect the distribution of many mobile invertebrates in forested landscapes undergoing restoration treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94014.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microclimatic Changes Induced by Ecological Restoration of Ponderosa Pine Forests in Northern Arizona (2001)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 9 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Restoration of ponderosa pine ecosystems results in altered stand structure, potentially affecting microclimatic conditions and habitat quality for forest organisms. This research focuses on microclimatic changes resulting from forest and landscape structural alterations caused by restoration treatments in southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Three microclimate variables—light intensity, air temperature, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD)—were monitored over two field seasons. Differences in microclimate between the treated forest and the surrounding untreated forest were measured, and microclimatic gradients across the structural edge between these two forest types were quantified. Restoration treatments increased sunlight penetration to the forest floor but did not significantly impact ambient air temperature or VPD. Mean values for air temperature and VPD did not differ significantly between treatments, although temperature and vapor pressure deficit did exhibit a trend in the morning; both variables were higher at the structural edge and in the treated forest during morning hours. Significant edge gradients were detected for air temperature and VPD in the morning and evening, increasing from the structural edge into the untreated forest. Our results show that microclimatic effects of these restoration treatments are generally modest, but the changes are more prominent at specific locations and during certain times of day. Because even modest changes in microclimate have the potential to impact a range of key ecological processes, microclimatic effects should be considered when forest restoration treatments at the landscape scale are being planned and implemented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100X.2001.94013.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holter Recordings with Continuous Marker Annotation to Evaluate Pacemaker Function (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1542-474X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Pacemaker marker annotations facilitate the interpretation of device behavior in addition to ECG recordings. However, they are only available in conjunction with a programmer. We studied the diagnostic value of a prototype Telemetry Holter Decoder (THD), providing continuous marker annotations on a conventional Holter.Methods: The study included 20 patients with VDD or DDDR pacemakers. A 24-hour Holter was performed using the THD. Marker annotations are transmitted from the pacemaker to the THD, which transforms them into analog signals, which are recorded on one of the Holter channels.Results: During a total recording time of 458 hours, high quality marker annotations were retrieved for every patient. Artefacts disturbed the recordings during 184 min (0.67%). The THD provided information not discernible on the ECG: intermittent atrial undersensing during sinus rhythm (1096 times). Atrial tachycardias, not visible on the ECG, were detected in 2 patients. The activation of tachycardia response algorithms was clearly annotated in 11,516 events. A total of 8875 PVC's occurred, 57.8% of which were classified incorrectly in the event counters as conducted or fusion beats. Atrial far-field sensing or VA conduction was demonstrated 4294 times. Electromagnetic interferences, not visible on the ECG, could be seen three times.Conclusion: Recording of continuous high-quality marker annotation on a conventional Holter is feasible. The THD provides important information on device behavior, even in patients assumed to have regular device function, and shows to be clearly superior to ECG interpretation alone. Such data can be used for improved programming, troubleshooting and for the validation of new algorithms. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):22–28
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2001.tb00135.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Substantial Reduction of Platelet Adhesion by Heparin-Coated Stents (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although optimized antiplatelet medication has improved the clinical outcome after coronary stenting, vessel occlusion and restenosis still remain a relevant clinical problem. Platelets play a key role in this process. Therefore, the authors compared the platelet adhesion on different stent surface modifications (electropolished without coating or coated with carbon, carbon and additional heparin, silicon carbide, or heparin alone) to investigate their role in reducing platelet adhesion. All stem and additional stainless steel plates were incubated in heparinized whole blood with radiolabeled platelets. Afrer washing the stents and plates four times, radioactivity caused by the adhesion of radiolabeled platelets was measured. The adhesion of radiolabeled platelets, compared to uncoated, electropolished stents, was reduced through silicon carbide coating to 58.6%, by carbon coating with additional heparin to 32.9%, and heparin coating alone to 7.7%. Stent coating with heparin is the most effective among the examined coatings in reducing platelet adhesion in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2001.tb00350.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial and Follow-Up Results of the Tenax Coronary Stent (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Tenax coronary stent is laser sculpted from high precision 316 L stainless steel using advanced production procedures. An a-Sic : H (hydrogen-rich amorphous silicon carbide) coating reduces its thrombogenicity and improves its biocomputibility. From April to July 1998, 266 stents were implanted in 241 patients (aged 62.7 ± 10.8 years) in five centers. The clinical indication for intervention was unstable angina (33.2%) and recent myocardial infarction (29.8%) in many cases. Most lesions (83.8%) had complex characteristics (Class B2 or C). The target vessel was the LAD in 42.8% and the right coronary artery in 36.8% of all cases. Four primary stent deployment failures occurred and implantation was successful in 289 (97.4%) of 266 stents. No death and no Q-wave myocardial infarction or emergency CABG occurred during hospital stay. Clinical success, defined as successful deployment without procedural or clinical event, was achieved in 230 (98.4%) of 241 patients. One-year clinical follow-up shows a low need for target lesion revascularization (17/237 [7.1%] patients) and a 15.8% rate of major adverse cardiac events (36/237 patients). The clinical and angiographic outcomes of our study suggest that the hybrid, amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide coated design is promising and merits further evaluation in larger clinical trials. (J Interven Cardiol 2001; 14: 1–5)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2001.tb00702.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of GTP cyclohydrolase I gene expression in the human neuroblastoma SKN-BE(2)M17: enhanced transcription in response to cAMP is conferred by the proximal promoter (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 79 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH) gene expression was investigated in the human monoamine-containing neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2)M17. Northern blot analysis revealed a single GTPCH mRNA transcript that was confirmed by RNase protection assay to encode for Type 1 GTPCH; no alternatively spliced forms of GTPCH mRNA were detected with this assay. Incubation with 8Br-cAMP, but not nerve growth factor or leukemia inhibitory factor, produced a rapid increase in GTPCH mRNA and protein levels; protein levels remained elevated during the entire treatment period while mRNA content declined rapidly between 10 and 24 h. Treatment with 8Br-cAMP did not significantly modify the stability of GTPCH mRNA but did increase GTPCH transcription as determined by transient transfection assays of a luciferase reporter construct containing 1171 bp of human GTPCH 5′-flanking sequence. Cis-acting elements required for maximal basal and cAMP-dependent transcription were localized by deletion analysis to the 146 bp proximal promoter. DNase I footprint analysis of the proximal promoter using SK-N-BE(2)M17 nuclear extracts identified two protein binding domains: one an upstream Sp1-like site and the other a combined CRE-Sp1-CCAAT-box element. EMSA and supershift assays demonstrated that the combined CRE-Sp1-CCAAT-box element recruits ATF-2 and NF-Y but not Sp1–4 or Egr-1–3. NF-Y binding was confirmed using pure recombinant human NF-Y protein. Transcription of the human GTPCH gene in human SK-N-BE(2)M17 cells is thus enhanced by cAMP acting through regulatory elements located in the proximal promoter and may involve the transcription factors NF-Y and ATF-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00583.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ determination of absolute number densities of nitrogen molecule triplet states in an rf-plasma sheath (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3115-3120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A laser induced fluorescence technique (LIF) in combination with optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and Rayleigh scattering (RS) was applied to investigate absolute number densities of the population of the three nitrogen triplet states C 3Πu, B 3Πg, and the metastable A 3Σu+ in an asymmetric low pressure rf discharge. Primary targets of this investigation were the three lowest vibrational levels (v=0,1,2) of each triplet state and additionally v=8 of A 3Σu+ which can be populated very efficiently in the plasma sheath. Calibration of LIF intensities to absolute densities of A 3Σu+ and B 3Πg has been realized by comparison with the signal of the RS experiment done in pure nitrogen gas. Calibration of C 3Πu which we could not detect by LIF but rather only by OES was achieved after comparing OES and LIF signals of the B 3Πg state. Excitation energies of the analyzed states range from 6 up to 11.5 eV and the measured number densities differ by about seven orders of magnitude from as much as 1012 cm−3 down to almost 105 cm−3. In addition to the interpretation of the results this article describes the used calibration methods which are partly based on a suggestion made by P. Bogen (Proceedings of the XVI International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases, Invited Papers, edited by W. Bötticher, H. Wenk, and E. Schultz-Gulde, Düsseldorf, 1983, pp. 164–173). © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1351003
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