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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (13)
  • 2003  (13)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (13)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT®) for cross-sectional implant site assessment in the posterior mandible (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of prosthodontics 12 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1532-849X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Purpose This study was designed to optimize a new radiographic modality known as tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT) for cross-sectional imaging of implant sites in human dry mandibles.Materials and Methods Five imaging modalities were compared for image quality and measurement accuracy: (1) conventional hypocycloidal tomograms, (2) TACT images reconstructed using the average method produced using a linear x-ray source movement, (3) TACT images reconstructed using the average method produced using a multidirectional x-ray source movement, (4) minimally reconstructed TACT images without a fiducial marker at the site of interest, and (5) minimally reconstructed TACT images with a fiducial marker at the site of interest.Results The extended Mantel-Haenszel mean score statistic was used to investigate the influence of modality on subjective image quality. A statistically significant difference for certain types of TACT images and multidirectional tomography (P 〈 0.0001) was observed. Linear TACT and multmin TACT were rated as significantly better than other image modalities (P 〈 0.0009), whereas multidirectional tomography was rated as being significantly worse than other radiographic modalities (P 〈 0.0001). For the quantitative assessment, data were normalized and analyzed statistically through a paired-comparisons t test. For each modality, the accuracy for maximum height and height was significantly different from ground truth (P 〈 0.05).Conclusion The qualitative data suggest that visibility of structures important to the choice of implant location and dimension were seen better with certain TACT methods. Quantitative differences from ground truth (actual measurements of the bone-absolute truth) were clinically negligible. TACT appears to offer the potential of superior image quality over the status quo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1059-941X(03)00004-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of carbon from maize in a sandy soil in a long-term experiment (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 54 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The sequestration of carbon (C) in soil is not completely understood, and quantitative information about the amounts of organic carbon in the various fractions and their rates of turnover could improve understanding. We aimed (i) to quantify the amounts of C derived from maize at various depths in the soil in a long-term field experiment with and without fertilization using 13C/12C analysis, (ii) to model changes in the organic C, and (iii) to compare measured and modelled pools of C. The organic C derived from the maize was measured in soil samples collected to a depth of 65 cm from four plots, two of which had been under continuous maize and two under continuous rye during long-term field experiments with NPK and without fertilization. The fractionation procedures included particle-size fractionation and extractions in water and in pyrophosphate solution. We used the Rothamsted Carbon Model to model the dynamics of the carbon from 13C data. The amounts of C derived from maize in the Ap horizon after 39 years of continuous maize cropping were 9.5% of the total organic C (where unfertilized) and 14.0% where NPK had been applied. Fertilization did not affect the residence time of carbon in the soil. The amounts of C derived from maize in water extracts were 21% of the total organic C (where unfertilized) and 22% where NPK had been applied. The extracts that were soluble in pyrophosphate and insoluble in acid were depleted in C from maize (the amounts were 5% and 7% of the total organic C, respectively). The results of the 13C natural abundance technique were used to model the dynamics of the organic C. Both the total organic C and the C derived from maize in the particle-size fraction 0–63 μm agreed well with the total and maize-derived sums of the model pools ‘inert organic matter’, ‘humified organic matter’ and ‘microbial biomass’. The model suggested that 64% (unfertilized) or 53% (NPK) of the organic C in the Ap horizon were inert. Only one of three published equations to determine the size of the inert pool agreed well with these model results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00496.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide and Fenton/Haber–Weiss chemistry: nitric oxide is a potent antioxidant at physiological concentrations (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 87 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the action of nitric oxide (NO) on the ability of Fenton's reagent (ferrous iron and hydrogen peroxide), to oxidize a number of organic optical probes. We found that NO is able to arrest the oxidation of organic compounds at concentrations of NO found in brain, in vivo. We present evidence that Fenton's reagent proceeds via a ferryl intermediate ([Fe=O]2+), before the generation of hydroxyl radical ·(OH). NO reacts rapidly with this ferryl, blocking the production of ·OH. We propose that NO has an important role in protecting biological tissues, and the brain in particular, from Fenton chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02001.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OXIDE-ION ELECTROLYTES (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 33 (2003), S. 91-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-7331
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The performance of the oxide-ion electrolyte of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is critical to the development of an intermediate-temperature system. Although yttria-stabilized zirconia is the electrolyte used in SOFCs under commercial development, other candidate materials are now available, and there remains a strong motivation to search for new, improved oxide-ion electrolytes. The leading contenders are discussed not only with respect to their oxide-ion conductivity, but also with respect to mechanical and chemical compatibility with the electrodes and the working environment at each electrode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.33.022802.091651
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A National Survey of the Oral Health Status of Homeless Veterans (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of public health dentistry 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-7325
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: This study reports results from a survey designed to (1) assess the oral health needs of a national sample of homeless veterans and (2) compare the dental needs of homeless veterans participating in VA-sponsored rehabilitation programs with domiciled veterans in VA substance addiction programs. Methods:Homeless veterans enrolled in a nationwide rehabilitation program (n=1,152) completed a survey including questions concerning patients' perceptions of their oral health, dental service needs and use, and alcohol and tobacco use. A sample of these veterans (n=281) subsequently received dental exams. A comparison group of domiciled veterans enrolled in VA substance abuse programs (n=339) completed a similar survey. A sample of these veterans (n=150) also received dental exams. Results: Sociodemographic variables, patient-reported oral health information and risk behaviors, and findings from dental exams described two remarkably similar populations. Conclusions: As expected, the homeless veterans exhibited poor oral health, but it was not different from domiciled veterans enrolled in substance addiction programs. Lifestyle choices, such as heavy drinking and smoking, may contribute more to poor oral health than living conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2003.tb03471.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A longitudinal study of the effects of adolescent cannabis use on high school completion (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 98 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Objective  To examine the extent to which weekly cannabis use during mid-adolescence may increase the risk of early school-leaving.Setting  A prospective study of a general population sample of adolescents studied from ages 15–21 years in Melbourne, Australia.Method  Computer-assisted self-completion questionnaires and telephone interviews conducted in six waves at ages 15–18 and again at age 21 in a sample of 1601 male and female school students.Results  Weekly cannabis use, assessed prospectively, was associated with significantly increased risk of early school-leaving. This effect remained after adjustment for a range of prospectively assessed covariates including demographic characteristics, other substance use, psychiatric morbidity and antisocial behavior. There was suggestive evidence of an interaction between weekly cannabis use and age with the effects of weekly cannabis use on early school-leaving being strongest at the youngest ages and diminishing progressively with age.Conclusions  Early regular cannabis use (weekly use at age 15) is associated with increased risk of early school-leaving. These effects of regular cannabis use may diminish with increasing age and are likely to operate through the social context within which cannabis is used and obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00356.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GENETIC APPROACH TO MAMMALIAN GLYCAN FUNCTION (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biochemistry 72 (2003), S. 643-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4154
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Biology
    Notes: Abstract The four essential building blocks of cells are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and glycans. Also referred to as carbohydrates, glycans are composed of saccharides that are typically linked to lipids and proteins in the secretory pathway. Glycans are highly abundant and diverse biopolymers, yet their functions have remained relatively obscure. This is changing with the advent of genetic reagents and techniques that in the past decade have uncovered many essential roles of specific glycan linkages in living organisms. Glycans appear to modulate biological processes in the development and function of multiple physiologic systems, in part by regulating protein-protein and cell-cell interactions. Moreover, dysregulation of glycan synthesis represents the etiology for a growing number of human genetic diseases. The study of glycans, known as glycobiology, has entered an era of renaissance that coincides with the acquisition of complete genome sequences for multiple organisms and an increased focus upon how posttranslational modifications to protein contribute to the complexity of events mediating normal and disease physiology. Glycan production and modification comprise an estimated 1% of genes in the mammalian genome. Many of these genes encode enzymes termed glycosyltransferases and glycosidases that reside in the Golgi apparatus where they play the major role in constructing the glycan repertoire that is found at the cell surface and among extracellular compartments. We present a review of the recently established functions of glycan structures in the context of mammalian genetic studies focused upon the mouse and human species. Nothing tends so much to the advancement of knowledge as the application of a new instrument. The native intellectual powers of men in different times are not so much the causes of the different success of their labours, as the peculiar nature of the means and artificial resources in their possession. T. Hager: Force of Nature (1)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161809
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Traditional markers of excessive alcohol use (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Addiction 98 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Aims  The blood tests used traditionally as markers of excessive drinking are the liver enzymes, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the red blood cell volume (mean corpuscular volume; MCV). Here we review the nature of these markers’ association with alcohol use, their practical application in detecting, assessing or monitoring drinking and increases in understanding of these markers in the past 10 years.Design  Articles were identified via Medline search and perusal of bibliographies.Findings  The conventional markers have imperfect sensitivity and specificity, but have an added clinical role in the detection of complications of drinking, and of comorbid conditions that may increase risk of drinking. GGT may in part be a marker of the oxidative stress associated with ethanol metabolism. Markers are more likely to be elevated in those aged more than 30 years and in regular drinkers with a longer drinking history. The markers may be useful in opportunistic case finding, in motivating patients to change drinking and in monitoring treatment response. Increased prevalence of obesity and hepatitis C must be considered in interpretation of liver enzyme results. The liver enzymes are prognostic indicators for several medical conditions and for mortality.Conclusions  These conventional tests are widely available and relatively inexpensive. While having limited sensitivity and specificity in detection of excessive drinking, they also provide valuable data on complications of drinking, comorbid conditions that may be affected by drinking and, in some cases, prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1359-6357.2003.00581.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The FCC and the Internet's challenges to traditional regulatory policy (2003)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Info 5 (2003), S. 8-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1465-9840
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism , Economics
    Notes: The United States Federal Communications Commission has taken action or is considering taking action on several controversial issues that arise from the growth of the Internet. In analyzing these issues, the Commission is applying a voice-centric circuit-switched telecommunications model that is based on an outdated view of the world and is attempting to protect a regulatorily created system of artificial prices and subsidies. The Commission has failed to come to grips with a new state of the world, characterized by packet networks and data traffic. This has led to a series of decisions that are ill-suited to the new environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690310480153
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Professional futurists reflect on the state of futures studies (2003)
    Cambridge : Emerald
    Foresight 5 (2003), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1465-9832
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Poking fun at futurists is not new and so when mainstream journalists deride futures research for being no longer relevant they tend to be dismissed by the futures community as ill informed. But sometimes these accusations hit home and deserve greater reflection and response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636680310476203
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