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  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 1870-1879
  • 2004  (11)
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Material
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  • 2000-2004  (11)
  • 1870-1879
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apolipoprotein E isoforms and apolipoprotein AI protect from amyloid precursor protein carboxy terminal fragment-associated cytotoxicity (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 91 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Inheritance of the apolipoprotein (APO) E gene ɛ4 or ɛ2 allele alters the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD), while increased alpha-tocopherol (AT) intake appears to lower the risk of AD. As APOE is a major apolipoprotein in the CNS and AT in vivo is transported in lipoproteins, we tested the hypothesis that CNS lipoproteins, as modeled by relevant concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL), and AT would interact to suppress neurotoxicity in a cell culture model of amyloid beta (Aβ)- related toxicity. These cells conditionally express C99-derived peptides, proposed to be a key step in AD pathogenesis; this expression is closely associated with subsequent cell death. We found that physiologic concentrations of lipoproteins present in the CNS protected from C99-associated toxicity and provided evidence for two mechanisms of protection. The first was AT-independent, APOE isoform-dependent, and most potent for the APOE2 isoform. The second was a synergistic protection afforded by a combination of APOAI, or less so APOE, and AT. These data provide a novel explanation for the apparent AD-protective effect of inheriting an ɛ2 APOE allele, and suggest that optimizing AT enrichment of CNS lipoproteins or devising APOAI mimetics may augment AT efficacy in treating AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02818.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UNCONVENTIONAL NANOFABRICATION (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 34 (2004), S. 339-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1531-7331
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nanostructures are fabricated using either conventional or unconventional tools-that is, by techniques that are highly developed and widely used or by techniques that are relatively new and still being developed. This chapter reviews techniques of unconventional nanofabrication, and focuses on experimentally simple and inexpensive approaches to pattern features with dimensions 〈100 nm. The techniques discussed include soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, and edge lithography. The chapter includes recent advances in fabricating nanostructures using each set of techniques, together with demonstrated advantages, limitations, and applications for each.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.matsci.34.052803.091100
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Droperidol for perioperative sedation causes a transient prolongation of the QTc time in children under volatile anesthesia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 14 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Droperidol is useful for postoperative sedation in infants and children after cardiac surgery because it provides sedation and akinesia with minimal respiratory depression. However, droperidol has been associated with QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. We investigated, if neuroleptanalgesic doses of droperidol led to QT prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias in children undergoing cardiac surgery.Methods : We retrospectively analysed electrocardiogram rhythm strips that were obtained before and in time increments after a 100 μg·kg−1 intravenous bolus of droperidol in 20 children undergoing cardiac surgery. The longest QT interval was determined in each ECG and corrected for heart rate (QTc). All arrhythmias were recorded.Results : Droperidol led to a significant increase in QTc time that was still present at 15 min but had resolved within 30 min after the bolus. No associated arrhythmias were observed.Conclusions : The statistically significant prolongation of QTc time after a sedative dose of droperidol is of concern because it may increase the risk for malignant cardiac arrhythmias. A large, prospective study is necessary to identify the true risk for arrhythmias after droperidol in this patient population, but our study suggests that any arrhythmogenic risk, if present, will be very transient, since the increase in QTc time was limited to a period of less than 30 min after the bolus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01472.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional repair after dorsal root rhizotomy using nerve conduits and neurotrophic molecules (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Functional recovery after large excision of dorsal roots is absent because of both the limited regeneration capacity of the transected root, and the inability of regenerating sensory fibers to traverse the dorsal root entry zone. In this study, bioresorbable guidance conduits were used to repair 6-mm dorsal root lesion gaps in rats, while neurotrophin-encoding adenoviruses were used to elicit regeneration into the spinal cord. Polyester conduits with or without microfilament bundles were implanted between the transected ends of lumbar dorsal roots. Four weeks later, adenoviruses encoding NGF or GFP were injected into the spinal cord along the entry zone of the damaged dorsal roots. Eight weeks after injury, nerve regeneration was observed through both types of implants, but those containing microfilaments supported more robust regeneration of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive nociceptive axons. NGF overexpression induced extensive regeneration of CGRP(+) fibers into the spinal cord from implants showing nerve repair. Animals that received conduits containing microfilaments combined with spinal NGF virus injections showed the greatest recovery in nociceptive function, approaching a normal level by 7–8 weeks. This recovery was reversed by recutting the dorsal root through the centre of the conduit, demonstrating that regeneration through the implant, and not sprouting of intact spinal fibers, restored sensory function. This study demonstrates that a combination of PNS guidance conduits and CNS neurotrophin therapy can promote regeneration and restoration of sensory function after severe dorsal root injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03595.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axon behaviour at Schwann cell – astrocyte boundaries: manipulation of axon signalling pathways and the neural adhesion molecule L1 can enable axons to cross (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Axon regeneration in vivo is blocked at boundaries between Schwann cells and astrocytes, such as occur at the dorsal root entry zone and around peripheral nerve or Schwann cell grafts. We have created a tissue culture model of these boundaries in Schwann cell – astrocyte monolayer co-cultures. Axon behaviour resembles that in vivo, with axons showing a strong preference for Schwann cells over astrocytes. At boundaries between the two cell types, axons growing on astrocytes cross readily onto Schwann cells, but only 15% of axons growing on Schwann cells are able to cross onto astrocytes. Treatment with chondroitinase or chlorate to reduce inhibition by proteoglycans did not change this behaviour. The neural adhesion molecule L1 is present on Schwann cells and not astrocytes, and manipulation of L1 by application of an antibody, L1-Fc in solution, or adenoviral transduction of L1 into astrocytes increased the proportion of axons able to cross onto astrocytes to 40–50%. Elevating cAMP levels increased crossing from Schwann cells onto astrocytes in live and fixed cultures, and had a co-operative effect with NT-3 but not with NGF. Inactivation of Rho with a cell-permeant form of C3 exoenzyme also increased crossing from Schwann cells to astrocytes. Our experiments indicate that the preference of axons for Schwann cells is largely mediated by the presence of L1 on Schwann cells but not astrocytes, and that manipulation of growth cone signalling pathways can allow axons to disregard boundaries between the two cell types.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03573.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial Experience with Surgical Treatment Planning in the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patient at High Risk for BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 Mutation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Despite an abundance of information available for dealing with patients with BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations, little guidance is available to assist the surgeon in dealing with the genetically high-risk patient recently diagnosed with breast cancer. A retrospective review was undertaken of 170 patients who underwent genetic counseling and testing over a 3-year period from March 2000 to March 2003. Forty-three of the 170 patients tested were diagnosed with breast cancer prior to genetic testing. Nine patients (20.9%) tested positive for a deleterious mutation. Fifty-eight percent underwent genetic counseling prior to definitive cancer surgery. Five of the 25 patients who underwent lumpectomy tested positive for a deleterious mutation. Testing results became available during systemic therapy or radiation was delayed until results were known. After counseling, all five patients testing positive went on to bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction. None had radiation therapy. Because of a strong family history, eight patients elected to undergo prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction prior to obtaining genetic test results; and despite compelling histories, all eight tested negative for a mutation. Treatment algorithms are developed to manage patients that are first discovered to be at high risk for a BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation at the time they are diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer who are discovered to be at high risk for a genetic mutation should undergo counseling prior to definitive surgery. This maximizes the time that patients have to consider options for prophylaxis and monitoring should their test be positive. It also prevents women who would otherwise be candidates for breast preservation from undergoing unnecessary radiation therapy should they chose prophylactic mastectomy in the face of a positive test. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2004.21543.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compulsive comorbidity and its psychological antecedents: a cross-cultural comparison between the US and South Korea (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of consumer marketing 21 (2004), S. 418-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0736-3761
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Compulsion to buy is an important but neglected aspect of consumer behavior. This research uses cross-cultural data from the USA and South Korea to study compulsive consumption behavior by focusing on individual factors. Three compulsive consumption behaviors (i.e. compulsive buying, compulsive substance abuse, and compulsive gambling/lottery play) are analyzed via structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that comorbidity (i.e. coexistence of more than two related compulsive consumption behaviors) is found in both countries. With one exception, the predicted personality traits (i.e. obsessive thoughts, risk-taking tendencies) are significantly related to compulsive consumption behaviors in both countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760410558681
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    E-learning challenges in the Arab world: revelations from a case study profile (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Quality assurance in education 12 (2004), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0968-4883
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: The overwhelming traditional knowledge delivery system for higher education in the Arab world demonstrates the pronounced information technology (IT) gap between Arab countries and the developed world. This study demonstrates the problems and possibilities of implementing e-learning in Arab educational institutions through analysing the attitudes of university professors (n = 294) in Lebanon towards three a priori e-learning dimensions. Favourable attitudes towards e-learning attested to faculty members' interest to get engaged in a fully-fledged e-learning programme in a country where the primary delivery educational model is essentially traditional. Discusses these attitudes in the light of the social, political and economic hindrances that impede the implementation of e-learning in the Arab region. A series of K-independent Kruskal-Wallis tests yielded significant attitudinal variations between males and females as well as between computer daily users and occasional users. Furthermore, daily computer users documented more favourable attitudes towards e-learning than their occasional user counterparts. Offers recommendations for the implementation of e-learning in "traditionally" demarcated educational systems in countries where the deployment of information and communications technologies is not widespread.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09684880410517405
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ageing Mice and mitochondria (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 429 (2004), S. 357-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mitochondria are little pockets of energy within cells, shouldering the important task of converting food into usable energy forms. To meet demands, every cell contains thousands of them. Unlike most other cellular compartments, mitochondria have their own genomes, which encode a few mitochondrial ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/429357a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genome sequence of the Brown Norway rat yields insights into mammalian evolution (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 428 (2004), S. 493-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality ‘draft’ ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02426
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